Administrative divisions of India

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The administrative divisions of India are subnational administrative units of India; they are composed of a nested hierarchy of administrative divisions.

Indian states and territories frequently use different local titles for the same level of subdivision (e.g., the mandals of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana correspond to tehsils of Uttar Pradesh and other Hindi-speaking states but to talukas of Gujarat, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu).^[1]

The smaller subdivisions (villages and blocks) exist only in rural areas. In urban areas, urban local bodies exist instead of these rural subdivisions.

The diagram below outlines the six tiers of administrative divisions:

Country (India)

State (e.g. West Bengal State)

Division (e.g. Medinipur Division)

District (e.g. Bankura District)

Sub-division (Revenue Subdivision) (e.g. Bankura Sadar subdivision)

Sub-district (Tehsil/Taluka, Circle, Sub-division) (e.g. Bavla (Tehsil))

Block (e.g. Bankura II Block)

Village (e.g. Bikna village)

The states of India have been grouped into six zones having an Advisory Council "to develop the habit of cooperative working" among these States. Zonal Councils were set up vide Part-III of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. The North Eastern States' special problems are addressed by another statutory body - The North Eastern Council, created by the North Eastern Council Act, 1971.^[2] The present composition of each of these Zonal Councils is as under:^[3]

• Northern Zonal Council, comprising Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Punjab, and Rajasthan;
• North Eastern Council, comprising Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura; The State of Sikkim has also been included in the North Eastern Council vide North Eastern Council (Amendment) Act, 2002 notified on 23 December 2002.^[4]
• Central Zonal Council, comprising the States of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh;
• Eastern Zonal Council, comprising Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, and West Bengal;
• Western Zonal Council, comprising Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, and Maharashtra;
• Southern Zonal Council, comprising Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana.
• Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep are not members of any of the Zonal Councils.^[5] However, they are presently special invitees to the Southern Zonal Council^[6]

Each zone has a zonal headquarters where a zonal cultural center has been established.^[7] Several states have membership in multiple zones, but no state subdivisions are utilized in the zonal divisions. In addition to promoting the culture of the zones they are responsible for, each zonal center also works to cross-promote and create exposure to other cultural zones of India by organizing functions and inviting artistes from other zones.

Zone	Zonal Centre	Extent
South Culture Zone	South Zone Cultural Centre, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu	Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, Telangana[8]
South Central Culture Zone	South-Central Zone Cultural Centre, Nagpur, Maharashtra	Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana[9]
North Culture Zone	North Zone Cultural Centre, Patiala, Punjab	Chandigarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand[10]
North Central Culture Zone	North-Central Zone Cultural Centre, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh	Bihar, Delhi, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand[11]
East Culture Zone	East Zone Cultural Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal	Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Manipur, Odisha, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal[12]
North East Culture Zone	North East Zone Cultural Centre, Dimapur, Nagaland	Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura[13]
West Culture Zone	West Zone Cultural Centre, Udaipur, Rajasthan	Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan[14]

India is composed of 28 states and eight union territories (including a national capital territory).^[15]

State	ISO	Vehicle code	Zone	Capital	Largest city	Statehood	Population (2011)[16][17]	Area (km2)	Official languages[18]	Additional official languages[18]
Andhra Pradesh	IN-AP	AP	Southern	Amaravati	Visakhapatnam	1 November 1956	49,506,799	162,975	Telugu	Urdu[19]
Arunachal Pradesh	IN-AR	AR	North-Eastern	Itanagar		20 February 1987	1,383,727	83,743	English	—
Assam	IN-AS	AS	North-Eastern	Dispur	Guwahati	26 January 1950	31,205,576	78,438	Assamese, Boro	Bengali, Meitei[20]
Bihar	IN-BR	BR	Eastern	Patna		26 January 1950	104,099,452	94,163	Hindi	Urdu
Chhattisgarh	IN-CG	CG	Central	Raipur[a]		1 November 2000	25,545,198	135,194	Hindi	Chhattisgarhi
Goa	IN-GA	GA	Western	Panaji	Vasco da Gama	30 May 1987	1,458,545	3,702	Konkani	Marathi
Gujarat	IN-GJ	GJ	Western	Gandhinagar	Ahmedabad	1 May 1960	60,439,692	196,024	Gujarati, Hindi	—
Haryana	IN-HR	HR	Northern	Chandigarh	Faridabad	1 November 1966	25,351,462	44,212	Hindi	Punjabi[21]
Himachal Pradesh	IN-HP	HP	Northern	Shimla (Summer) Dharamshala (Winter)[22]	Shimla	25 January 1971	6,864,602	55,673	Hindi	Sanskrit[23]
Jharkhand	IN-JH	JH	Eastern	Ranchi	Jamshedpur	15 November 2000	32,988,134	79,714	Hindi	Angika, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Bhumij, Ho, Kharia, Khortha, Kurmali, Kurukh, Magahi, Maithili, Mundari, Nagpuri, Odia, Santali, Urdu[24][25]
Karnataka	IN-KA	KA	Southern	Bangalore		1 November 1956	61,095,297	191,791	Kannada	—
Kerala	IN-KL	KL	Southern	Thiruvananthapuram		1 November 1956	33,406,061	38,863	Malayalam	English[26]
Madhya Pradesh	IN-MP	MP	Central	Bhopal	Indore	1 November 1956	72,626,809	308,252	Hindi	—
Maharashtra	IN-MH	MH	Western	Mumbai (Summer) Nagpur (Winter)[27][28]	Mumbai	1 May 1960	112,374,333	307,713	Marathi	—
Manipur	IN-MN	MN	North-Eastern	Imphal		21 January 1972	2,855,794	22,327	Meitei	English
Meghalaya	IN-ML	ML	North-Eastern	Shillong		21 January 1972	2,966,889	22,429	English	—
Mizoram	IN-MZ	MZ	North-Eastern	Aizawl		20 February 1987	1,097,206	21,081	Mizo, English	—
Nagaland	IN-NL	NL	North-Eastern	Kohima	Dimapur	1 December 1963	1,978,502	16,579	English	—
Odisha	IN-OD	OD	Eastern	Bhubaneswar		26 January 1950	41,974,218	155,707	Odia	—
Punjab	IN-PB	PB	Northern	Chandigarh	Ludhiana	1 November 1966	27,743,338	50,362	Punjabi	—
Rajasthan	IN-RJ	RJ	Northern	Jaipur		26 January 1950	68,548,437	342,239	Hindi	English
Sikkim	IN-SK	SK	North-Eastern	Gangtok		16 May 1975	610,577	7,096	Nepali, Sikkimese, Lepcha, English[29]	Gurung, Limbu, Magar, Mukhia, Newari, Rai, Sherpa, Tamang
Tamil Nadu	IN-TN	TN	Southern	Chennai		1 November 1956	72,147,030	130,058	Tamil	English
Telangana	IN-TS	TG[30]	Southern	Hyderabad[b]		2 June 2014	35,193,978[35]	112,077[35]	Telugu	Urdu[36]
Tripura	IN-TR	TR	North-Eastern	Agartala		21 January 1972	3,673,917	10,491	Bengali, English, Kokborok	—
Uttar Pradesh	IN-UP	UP	Central	Lucknow		26 January 1950	199,812,341	240,928	Hindi	Urdu
Uttarakhand	IN-UK	UK	Central	Bhararisain (Summer) Dehradun (Winter)[37]	Dehradun	9 November 2000	10,086,292	53,483	Hindi	Sanskrit[38]
West Bengal	IN-WB	WB	Eastern	Kolkata		26 January 1950	91,276,115	88,752	Bengali, English	Nepali,[c] Hindi, Odia, Punjabi, Santali, Telugu, Urdu, Kamatapuri, Rajbanshi, Kurmali, Kurukh

The Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India allows for the formation of autonomous administrative divisions which have been given autonomy within their respective states.^[51]

Presently, 10 Autonomous Councils in Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Tripura are formed by virtue of the Sixth Schedule^[52] with the rest being formed as a result of other legislation.

There are 10 Autonomous District Councils created by the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India:

State	Autonomous District Council	Headquarters	Formation	Chief Executive Member
Assam	Bodoland Territorial Council	Kokrajhar	2003	Pramod Boro
	North Cachar Hills Autonomous Council	Haflong	1952	Debolal Gorlosa
	Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council	Diphu	1952	Tuliram Ronghang
Meghalaya	Garo Hills Autonomous District Council	Tura	1973	Benedick R Marak
	Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council	Jowai	1973	T Shiwat
	Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council	Shillong	1973	Titosstarwell Chyne
Mizoram	Chakma Autonomous District Council	Kamalanagar	1972	Rasik Mohan Chakma
	Lai Autonomous District Council	Lawngtlai	1972	V. Zirsanga
	Mara Autonomous District Council	Siaha	1972	M Laikaw
Tripura	Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council	Khumulwng	1982	Purna Chandra Jamatia

Some states have created autonomous councils by an Act of their state legislatures. The two autonomous councils in the union territory of Ladakh was created by the state of Jammu and Kashmir (1952 – 2019).

State/UT	Autonomous Council	Headquarters	Formation	Chief Executive Member
Assam	Tiwa Autonomous Council	Morigaon	1995	Jiban Chandra Konwar
	Mising Autonomous Council	Dhemaji	1995	Ranoj Pegu
	Rabha Hasong Autonomous Council	Dudhnoi	1995	Tankeswar Rabha
	Sonowal Kachari Autonomous Council	Dibrugarh	2005	Dipu ranjan Markari
	Thengal Kachari Autonomous Council	Titabar	2005	Kumud Ch Kachari
	Deori Autonomous Council	Narayanpur	2005	Madhav Deori
	Moran Autonomous Council	Tinsukia	2020	Dipon Moran
	Matak Autonomous Council	Chring Gaon	2020
	Bodo Kachari Welfare Autonomous Council	Simen Chapori	2020	Mihiniswar Basumatary
	Kamtapur Autonomous Council	Abhayapuri	2020	Jibesh Roy
Manipur	Chandel Autonomous District Council	Chandel	1971[53]	Ksh. Siddharth, MCS
	Churachandpur Autonomous District Council	Churachandpur	1971[53]	Lalthazam, MCS
	Sadar Hills Autonomous District Council	Kangpokpi	1971[53]	James Doujapao Haokip, MCS
	Manipur North Autonomous District Council	Senapati	1971[53]	H L Jain, MCS
	Tamenglong Autonomous District Council	Tamenglong	1971[53]	Ningreingam Leisan[54]
	Ukhrul Autonomous District Council	Ukhrul	1971[53]	David Kashungnao, MCS
Ladakh	Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Kargil	Kargil	2003	Mohammad Jaffer Akhone
	Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh	Leh	1995	Tashi Gyalson
West Bengal	Gorkhaland Territorial Administration	Darjeeling	2012	Anit Thapa

Many of the Indian states are subdivided into divisions, which have official administrative governmental status, and each division is headed by a senior IAS officer called Divisional Commissioner.

States like Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Goa, etc. don't have separate divisions or regions. Instead, they're directly split into districts for administrative purposes.

As of September 2022, divisions exist in 18 of the 28 states and 3 of the 8 union territories. As of September 2022, there are a total of 102 divisions in India.

No. of divisions in each state or UT

State/union territory	No. of divisions	Population[55]	Population per division
Andhra Pradesh	-	49,386,799	-
Arunachal Pradesh	3	1,383,727	461,242
Assam	5	31,169,272	6,233,854
Bihar	9	104,099,452	11,566,606
Chhattisgarh	5	25,545,198	5,109,040
Goa	-	1,458,545	-
Gujarat	-	60,439,692	-
Haryana	6	25,351,462	4,225,244
Himachal Pradesh	3	6,864,602	2,288,201
Telangana	-	35,193,978	-
Jharkhand	5	32,988,134	6,597,627
Karnataka	4	61,095,297	15,273,824
Kerala	-	33,406,061	-
Madhya Pradesh	10	72,626,809	7,262,681
Maharashtra	6	112,374,333	18,729,056
Manipur	-	2,721,756	-
Meghalaya	2	2,966,889	1,483,445
Mizoram	-	1,097,206	-
Nagaland	1	1,978,502	1,978,502
Odisha	3	41,974,218	13,991,406
Punjab	5	27,743,338	5,548,668
Rajasthan	10	68,548,437	6,854,844
Sikkim	-	610,577	-
Tamil Nadu	-	72,147,030	-
Tripura	-	3,673,917	-
Uttar Pradesh	18	199,812,341	11,100,686
Uttarakhand	2	10,086,292	5,043,146
West Bengal	5	91,276,115	18,255,223
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	-	380,581	-
Chandigarh	-	1,055,450	-
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu	-	586,956	-
Jammu and Kashmir	2	12,258,433	6,129,217
Ladakh	1	290,492	290,492
Lakshadweep	-	64,473	-
Delhi	1	16,787,941	16,787,941
Puducherry	-	1,247,953	-
Total	103	1,210,854,977	11,755,874

Some states consist of regions, which have no official administrative governmental status. They are purely geographic regions; some correspond to historic countries, states or provinces. A region may comprise one or more divisions, averaging about three divisions per region. However, the boundaries of the regions and the boundaries of the divisions do not always coincide exactly. So far there has been no movement to give the regions official administrative status. If this was to be done, it would presumably require that the boundaries of the regions be slightly modified so that they correspond exactly with their constituent districts.

• Regions of Assam
• Regions of Gujarat
• Regions of Maharashtra

States and territories (or divisions) are further subdivided into districts (zilla), of which there are 797 (as of Nov 2023). A district in India, officially referred to as a revenue district, is a basic administrative unit under a state or union territory. Each District is headed by an IAS officer called District Magistrate.

Number of districts & population (as per 2011) in administrative divisions

Administrative divisions	No. of districts	Total population	Population per district
States
Andhra Pradesh	26	49,577,103	1,906,812
Arunachal Pradesh	27	1,383,727	51,249
Assam	35	31,205,576	891,588
Bihar	38	104,099,452	2,739,459
Chhattisgarh	33	25,545,198	774,097
Goa	2	1,458,545	729,273
Gujarat	33	60,439,692	1,831,506
Haryana	22	25,351,462	1,152,339
Himachal Pradesh	12	6,864,602	572,050
Jharkhand	24	32,988,134	1,374,506
Karnataka	31	61,095,297	1,970,816
Kerala	14	33,406,061	2,386,147
Madhya Pradesh	55	72,626,809	1,274,155
Maharashtra	36	112,374,333	3,121,509
Manipur	16	2,570,390	160,649
Meghalaya	12	2,966,889	247,241
Mizoram	11	1,097,206	99,746
Nagaland	16	1,978,502	123,656
Odisha	30	41,974,218	1,399,141
Punjab	23	27,743,338	1,206,232
Rajasthan	50	68,548,437	1,370,969
Sikkim	6	610,577	101,763
Tamil Nadu	38	72,147,030	1,898,606
Telangana	33	35,003,674	1,060,717
Tripura	8	3,673,917	459,240
Uttar Pradesh	75	199,812,341	2,664,165
Uttarakhand	13	10,086,292	775,869
West Bengal	23	91,276,115	3,042,537
Union Territory
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	3	380,581	126,860
Chandigarh	1	1,055,450	1,055,450
Dadra Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu	3	586,956	195,652
Jammu and Kashmir	20	12,258,093	612,905
Ladakh	2	290,492	145,246
Lakshadweep	1	64,473	64,473
Delhi	11	16,787,941	1,526,176
Puducherry	4	1,247,953	311,988
Total	787	1,210,576,856	1,538,217

Largest and Smallest Districts in India

	Largest District	Smallest District
By Land Area	Kutch district	Mahe district
By Population	North 24 Parganas district	Dibang Valley district

A sub-division is an administrative division of a district in India. In some states(Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala) they are called Revenue Divisions.^[56] It is headed by a sub-divisional magistrate (also known as assistant collector or assistant commissioner). In some states, the post is designated as Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO) or Sub-Divisional Officer (Civil).^[57][58] A district may have multiple sub-divisions, and each of those sub-divisions may contain multiple sub-districts (tehsils/C.D. Blocks) and municipalities.^[59] For example, in West Bengal, the Murshidabad district contains five sub-divisions (mahakumas)

In some instances, tehsils (sub-districts) overlap with "blocks" (panchayat union blocks or community development blocks) and come under the land and revenue department, headed by tehsildar; and blocks come under the rural development department, headed by the block development officer and serve different government administrative functions over the same or similar geographical area.

States use varying names for their sub-districts. Detailed information is as follows (as of 2018):^[60]

State/ Union territory	Subdistrict title	No. of subdistricts
Andhra Pradesh	Mandal	679
Arunachal Pradesh	Circle	149
Assam	Subdivision	155
Bihar	Subdivision	101
Chhattisgarh	Tehsil	228
Goa	Taluka	12
Gujarat	Taluka	248[61]
Haryana	Tehsil	67
Himachal Pradesh	Tehsil	109
Jharkhand	Subdivision	210
Karnataka	Taluk	240
Kerala	Taluk	78
Madhya Pradesh	Tehsil	412
Maharashtra	Taluka	353
Manipur	Subdivision	38
Meghalaya	Subdivision	39
Mizoram	Subdivision	22
Nagaland	Circle	93
Odisha	Tehsil	485
Punjab	Tehsil	172
Rajasthan	Tehsil	268
Sikkim	Subdivision	9
Tamil Nadu	Taluk	215[62]
Telangana	Mandal	612
Tripura	Subdivision	38
Uttar Pradesh	Tehsil	350
Uttarakhand	Tehsil	113
West Bengal	Subdivision	69
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	Tehsil	7
Chandigarh	Tehsil	1
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu	Tehsil	3
Delhi	Tehsil	33
Jammu and Kashmir	Tehsil	55
Ladakh	Tehsil	4
Lakshadweep	Subdivision	4
Puducherry	Tehsil	8
Total		6057

Census of India (2011) states the following criteria in defining towns. They are:

• Statutory Town (ST): All places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board, or notified town area committee, etc.
• Census Town (CT): Those which have a population greater than 5000. Other definitions include percentage of non-agriculture working population and population density.^[63]

All areas under statutory urban administrative units like Municipal Corporation, #India, Cantonment Board, Notified Town Area Committee, Town Panchayat, etc., are known as Statutory Towns.

Census towns are areas in India that have urban characteristics but are not defined as towns by state governments. They are governed by rural local bodies like gram panchayats, unlike statutory towns.

The Community Development Block also known as CD Block or just block, is often the next level of administrative division (for development purposes, whereas tehsil is next to the district for revenue purposes).

^[64]

State	CD Block	Number of CD Blocks
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	CD Block	9
Andhra Pradesh	Mandal	668
Arunachal Pradesh	Block	129
Assam	Block	239
Bihar	Block	534
Chandigarh	Block	3
Chhattisgarh	CD Block	146
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu	CD Block	3
Delhi	CD Block	342
Goa	CD Block	12
Gujarat	CD Block	250
Haryana	Block	143
Himachal Pradesh	CD Block	88
Jammu and Kashmir	CD Block	287
Jharkhand	Block	264
Karnataka	CD Block	235
Kerala	Block	152
Ladakh	CD Block	31
Lakshadweep	CD Block	10
Madhya Pradesh	CD Block	313
Maharashtra	CD Block	352
Manipur	CD Block	70
Meghalaya	CD Block	54
Mizoram	CD Block	28
Nagaland	CD Block	74
Odisha	CD Block	314
Puducherry	CD Block	6
Punjab	CD Block	153
Rajasthan	CD Block	353
Sikkim	CD Block	33
Tamil Nadu	Taluk	388
Telangana	Mandal	594
Tripura	CD Block	58
Uttar Pradesh	CD Block	826
Uttarakhand	CD Block	95
West Bengal	CD Block	345

Villages are often the lowest level of subdivisions in India. The governmental bodies at the village level are called Gram Panchayat, of which there were an estimated 256,000 in 2002. Each Gram Panchayat covers a large village or a cluster of smaller villages with a combined population exceeding 500 Gram Sabha. Clusters of villages are also sometimes called Hobli or Patti.

Certain governmental functions and activities - including clean water availability, rural development, and education - are tracked at a sub-village level.^[65] These hamlets are termed "habitations". India is composed of 1,714,556 habitations ^[66] In some states, most villages have a single habitation; in others (notably Kerala and Tripura) there is a high ratio of habitations to villages.^[67]

A metro area usually comprises multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighbourhoods, townships, cities, exurbs, suburbs, counties, districts, states, and even nations like the eurodistricts. As social, economic, and political institutions have changed, metropolitan areas have become key economic and political regions. Metropolitan areas include one or more urban areas, as well as satellite cities, towns, and intervening rural areas that are socio-economically tied to the urban core, typically measured by commuting patterns.

The metropolitan cities of India (more commonly called Tier-1 cities) are: Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad and Pune.

• Chakla
• Pargana
• Sarkar
• Subah

• Autonomous administrative divisions of India
• Cultural Zones of India
• States and union territories of India

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