Eremophila (bird)
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| Eremophila | |
|---|---|
| |
| Horned lark (Eremophila alpestris) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Alaudidae |
| Genus: | Eremophila F. Boie, 1828 |
| Type species | |
| Alauda alpestris[1] Linnaeus, 1758
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| Species | |
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see text | |
| Synonyms | |
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The bird genus Eremophila comprises the two horned larks.
Taxonomy and systematics
[edit]The current genus name is from Ancient Greek eremos, "desert", and phileo, "to love".[2]
Extant species
[edit]| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Eremophila alpestris | Horned lark | Europe, Asia, North America |
 |
Eremophila bilopha | Temminck's lark | Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia and Western Sahara |
Extinct species
[edit]There is at least one fossil species included in this genus:
- †Eremophila orkhonensis (late Pliocene of Central Asia, synonym = Pliocalcarius orkhonensis)[3]
- †Eremophila prealpestris (late Pliocene of Varshets, Bulgaria)[4]
Description
[edit]Unlike most other larks, these are distinctive looking species with striking head and face patterns, black and white in Temminck's lark and black and yellow in most horned larks. In the summer males of both species have black "horns", which give these larks their alternative names.
Distribution and habitat
[edit]These are larks of open country which nest on the ground. The migratory horned lark breeds across much of northern North America, Europe and Asia and in the mountains of Europe. Temminck's lark is mainly a resident breeding species across much of north Africa, through northern Arabia to western Iraq.
References
[edit]
- ^ "Alaudidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
- ^ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 148. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ E. S. Palastrova; N. V. Zelenkov (2020). "A fossil species of Eremophila and other larks (Aves, Alaudidae) from the Upper Pliocene of the Selenga River valley (Central Asia)". Paleontological Journal. 54 (2): 187–204. Bibcode:2020PalJ...54..187P. doi:10.1134/S0031030120020124. S2CID 215741594.
- ^ Boev, Z. 2012. Neogene Larks (Aves: Alaudidae (Vigors, 1825)) from Bulgaria - Acta zoologica bulgarica, 64 (3), 2012: 295-318.
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