Bharatiya Jana Sangh

Bharatiya Jana Sangh
President	Bharat Bhushan Pandey
Founder	Syama Prasad Mukherjee
Founded	21 October 1951; 73 years ago (21 October 1951)[1]
Dissolved	()
Split from	Hindu Mahasabha
Merged into	Janata Party (1977–1980)
Succeeded by	Bharatiya Janata Party (1980–present)
Ideology	Hindu nationalism[2] Hindutva[3] Integral humanism[4] National conservatism[5] Economic nationalism[6]
Political position	Right-wing[7] to far-right[8]
Religion	Hinduism[9]
Colours	Saffron
Election symbol
Politics of India Political parties Elections

The Akhil Bharatiya Jana Sangh (abbreviated as BJS or JS, short name: Jan Sangh,^[10] was an Indian nationalist political party. This party was established on 21 October 1951 in Delhi, and existed until 1977. Its three founding members were Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, Balraj Madhok and Deendayal Upadhyaya. Jan Sangh was the political arm of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu nationalist volunteer organisation.^[11] In 1977, it merged with several other left, centre and right parties opposed to the Indian National Congress and formed the Janata Party.^[12] In 1980, the members of erstwhile Jan Sangh quit the Janata party after the defeat in the 1980 general elections and formed the Bharatiya Janata Party, which is the direct political successor to the Jan Sangh.

Many members of the right-wing Hindu nationalist Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) began to contemplate the formation of a political party to continue their work, begun in the days of the British Raj, and take their ideology further. Around the same time, Syama Prasad Mukherjee left the Hindu Mahasabha political party that he had once led because of a disagreement with that party over permitting non-Hindu membership.^[13][14][15]
Mainly two reasons led to the formation of Jan Sangh- first was the Liaquat–Nehru Pact and second, the ban on RSS after the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi.^[16]
The state level units for Punjab, P.E.P.S.U. (Patiala and East Punjab States Union), Delhi, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Bharat were already established before it was formally founded at national level.^[17] The BJS was subsequently started by Mukherjee on 21 October 1951^[1] in Delhi, with the collaboration of the R.S.S., as a "nationalistic alternative" to the Congress Party.^[18]

The first plenary session of Jan Sangh was held at Kanpur in December 1952.^[19]

After the death of Mukherjee in 1953, RSS activists in the BJS edged out the career politicians and made it a political arm of the RSS and an integral part of the RSS family of organisations (Sangh Parivar).^[20]

The strongest election performance of the BJS came in the 1967 Lok Sabha election in which it won 35 seats,^[21][22] when the Congress majority was its thinnest ever.^[23]
The party secured six out of seven parliamentary seats in Delhi and went on to wrest control of the Metropolitan Council and Municipal corporation.^[24]

When BJS was formed, an 8-point programme was adopted.This formed the core of its ideology over the next years.^[25]

The BJS leadership fervently supported a strong policy against Pakistan and China, and were averse to communism and the Soviet Union. Many BJS leaders also initiated the drive to ban cow slaughter nationwide in the early 1960s.^[26]
Establishment of full relations with Israel was also a demand in the party manifesto.^[8]
Uniform Civil Code was mentioned in the 1967 manifesto which said that the party would enact UCC if it came to power.^[27]

#	Portrait	Name	Term
1		Syama Prasad Mukherjee	1951–52
2		Mauli Chandra Sharma	1954
3		Prem Nath Dogra	1955
4		Debaprasad Ghosh	1956–59
5		Pitamber Das	1960
6		Avasarala Rama Rao	1961
(4)		Debaprasad Ghosh	1962
7		Raghu Vira	1963
(4)		Debaprasad Ghosh	1964
8		Bachhraj Vyas	1965
9		Balraj Madhok	1966
10		Deendayal Upadhyaya	1967–68
11		Atal Bihari Vajpayee	1968–72
12		L. K. Advani	1973–77
See List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party

The Bharatiya Jana Sangh was created in 1951, and the first general election it contested was in 1951–52, in which it won only three Lok Sabha seats, in line with the four seats won by Hindu Mahasabha and three seats won by Ram Rajya Parishad. Shyama Prasad Mookerjee and Durga Charan Banerjee were elected from Bengal and Uma Shankar Trivedi from Rajasthan. All the like-minded parties formed a block in the Parliament, led by Shyama Prasad Mookerjee.^[28][21]

Year	General Election	Seats Won	Change in Seat	% of votes	Ref.
1951	1st Lok Sabha	3	–	3.06	[28][22]
1957	2nd Lok Sabha	4	1	5.93	[21][22]
1962	3rd Lok Sabha	14	10	6.44	[21][22]
1967	4th Lok Sabha	35	21	9.31	[21][22]
1971	5th Lok Sabha	22	13	7.35	[29][22][30]

Sources

• Baxter, Craig (1971) [first published by University of Pennsylvania Press 1969]. The Jana Sangh – A Biography of an Indian Political Party. Oxford University Press, Bombay. ISBN 0812275837.
• Graham, B. D. (1990). Hindu Nationalism and Indian Politics: The Origins and Development of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-38348X.
• Jaffrelot, Christophe (1996). The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN 978-1850653011.