Akama Shrine

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Akama Shrine 赤間神宮
Torii of Akama Shrine
Religion
Affiliation	Shinto
Deity	Emperor Antoku
Type	Imperial Shrine
Location
Location	4-1, Amidaiji-chō Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 750-0003
Shown within Japan
Geographic coordinates	33°57′35″N 130°56′54.5″E / 33.95972°N 130.948472°E / 33.95972; 130.948472
Architecture
Date established	1191
Website
www.tiki.ne.jp/~akama-jingu/(in Japanese)[dead link‍]
Glossary of Shinto

Akama Shrine (赤間神宮, Akama Jingū) is a Shinto shrine in Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. It is dedicated to the child Emperor Antoku, who died in the Battle of Dan-no-ura (aka Dannoura), which occurred nearby in 1185. This battle was important in the history of Japan because it brought an end to Genpei War in which the Minamoto clan defeated the rival Taira clan, and ended the Taira bid for control of Japan.

The shrine is situated on the waterfront of the Kanmon Strait, between the centre of Shimonoseki and the tourist restaurants of Karato, Kanmon Wharf. The bright red main gate makes it a very visible sight.

The colours and style of the gate are inspired by Ryūgū-jō, according to the Shimonoseki Tourist Guidebook^[1] published by the Shimonoseki City Tourism Department. This source states that Antoku's grandmother, Nii-no-Ama, who drowned with Antoku, wished for their palace to be created underwater as she jumped into the sea. Ryūgū-jō is a mythical underwater palace, belonging to the dragon god of the sea. In the Tale of Heike, Nii-no-Ama told Antoku, before jumping, that they would go to an underwater palace, without referring to Ryūgū-jō. Then, Antoku's mother (Kenreimon-In, aka Taira no Tokuko) had a dream, in which they were living in Ryūgū-jō.

Inside, in the Hoichi Hall, is a statue of Hoichi the Earless, one of the characters in a traditional ghost story which was made known in the west by Lafcadio Hearn.

The grounds also contain the Nanamori-zuka (seven mounds), which represent the Heike warriors also lost in the Battle of Dan-no-Ura.

In 1871, the Kanpei-sha (官幣社) identified the hierarchy of government-supported shrines most closely associated with the Imperial family.^[2] The kampeisha were shrines venerated by the imperial family. This category encompasses those sanctuaries enshrining emperors, imperial family members, or meritorious retainers of the Imperial family.^[3] Up through 1940, the mid-range of ranked Imperial shrines or Kanpei-chūsha (官幣中社) included the shrine; and it was then known as Akama-gū^[4] In 1940, Akama's status was changed Kanpei-taisha (官幣大社), which is the highest rank; and since then, it has been known as Akama jingū.^[5]

• List of Jingū
• Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines

• Japan National Tourist Organisation (note that the information that Emperor Antoku was three years old when he died is contradicted by other sources, which say that although he was a young child, he was a few years older than that. See the Wikipedia page for Antoku)
• Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
• _______________. (1962). Studies in Shinto and Shrines. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 399449
• _______________. (1963). The Viciissitudes of Shinto. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 186605327