Yazid ibn Ahmad: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox monarch |
{{Infobox monarch |
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|name = Yazid |
| name = Yazid ibn Ahmad |
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|title = [[Shah]] of [[Shirvan]] |
| title = [[Shah]] of [[Shirvan]] |
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| image = Silver dirhams of Shirvanshah II Yazid.jpg |
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|image= |
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| caption = Silver dirhams of Yazid ibn Ahmad, from the [[Museum of History of Azerbaijan]], [[Baku]] |
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|caption = |
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| succession = [[Shirvanshah]] |
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|reign = |
| reign = November, 991 – November, 1027 |
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|coronation = |
| coronation = |
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|full name = |
| full name = |
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|issue= [[Manuchihr I of Shirvan|Manuchihr I]]<br> |
| issue = [[Manuchihr I of Shirvan|Manuchihr I]]<br>Anushirvan<br>[[Ali II of Shirvan|Ali II]]<br>[[Qubad of Shirvan|Qubad]]<br>[[Shamkuya]]<br>Ahmad<br>[[Sallar of Shirvan|Sallar]]<br>[[Mamlan ibn Yazid]] |
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|predecessor = [[Muhammad IV of Shirvan|Muhammad IV]] |
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| predecessor = [[Muhammad IV of Shirvan|Muhammad IV]] |
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|royal house =[[Shirvanshah|House of Shirvanshah]] |
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| royal house = [[Yazidids]] and [[Kasranids]] |
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| dynasty = [[Shirvanshah]] |
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|birth_place= [[Shamakhi]] |
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| succession1 = [[Emirate of Derbent|Emir of Derbent]] |
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|death_date = November, 1027 |
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| reign1 = 1019 – 1021<br>1023 – 1024 |
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|death_place= [[Shamakhi]] |
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| predecessor1 = [[Mansur I of Derbent|Mansur I]] |
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| successor1 = [[Mansur I of Derbent|Mansur I]] |
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| burial_date = 1027 |
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| burial_place = [[Shabaran]] |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Yazid ibn Ahmad''' or '''Yazid II''' ({{Langx|ar|یزید}}) was the tenth [[Shirvanshah]]. |
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'''Yazid III''' was tenth independent [[Shah]] of [[Shirvan]].<ref>S. Ashurbeyli – Shirvanshahs, Baku, 2007</ref> |
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==Reign== |
==Reign== |
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Yazid was second son of [[Ahmad of Shirvan|Shirvanshah Ahmad]]. He followed his brother [[Muhammad IV of Shirvan|Muhammad IV]] on throne of Shirvan {{Circa|November 991}}. |
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Yazid replaced his brother [[Muhammad IV of Shirvan|Muhammad IV]]. His reign is notable because of Persianization of culture that took place. He continued the expansionist policy of his brother and attacked Gyurzul castle in 999, defeating its [[Hunnic]]<ref>C.Tepeмян. Шaпoтpeнa Птoлeмeя в cвязи c иccтopиeй cкифc-кoгo цapaвa пpикacпийcкoгo пoбepeжья. Tбилиcи, 1966, c.76-77.</ref> ruler Abd-ul Barr Anbasah like his brother did before. He made several attempts to invade [[Derbent]] but was never successful. He was succeeded by his first son [[Manuchihr I of Shirvan|Manuchihr I]]. |
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=== Relations with Christians === |
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==Issue== |
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Yazid on the other hand, had to deal with Abd al-Barr b. Anbasah, former ruler of [[Qabala]] who used death of Muhammad to attack Shirvan in 992 in alliance with [[Shaki, Azerbaijan|Shaki]] (probably [[Kingdom of Hereti|Hereti]] or [[Kakheti]]). Battle was a disaster with 400 Shirvanese cavalries dead, with vizier Musaddin b. Habashi killed.{{sfn|Minorsky|1958|p=30}} Following this, Yazid focused on restructuring his army and entrusted this job to his new vizier Abd al-Aziz and Abd al-Samad, two sons of Abbas Bardawi in 998. Next year, he attacked Abd al-Barr and captured Gurzūl castle (modern [[Girdadul|Girdadul, Qabala]]) from him.{{sfn|Minorsky|1958|p=30}} |
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Yazid III had several offsprings. The most notable are: |
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# [[Prince Anushirvan]] - Rebelled. |
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# [[Shamkuya]] - married to [[Derbent]] ruler Amir Al-Abdul Malik in 1035, December. |
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=== Relations with Emirate of Derbent === |
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Yazid continued to intervene in Derbent affairs during his reign. After his accession, [[Maymun I]] attacked ''[[Derbent|Bab al-Abwab]]'' and recaptured [[Emirate of Derbent]] which was under dominion of Shirvan during reign of Muhammad. |
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While his father was in Gyurzul castle, [[Prince Anushirvan]] decided to revolt against his father in capital [[Shamakhi]]. Citizens at first supported him but then turned against Prince and called Shah to city. Prince decided to retreat to Gulustan castle but killed on road. |
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Later in 998/999, new emir [[Lashkari I]] (son of Maymun I) defeated Yazid who contested ownership of an estate near Derbent. Emir marched on Shabaran, however was defeated by Shirvan forces. Following the battle, captured brother of emir Abu Nasr was kept as hostage. Following a period of peace, Lashkari died in 1001/1002 and nobles of emirate asked for Abu Nasr to be succeeded. Yazid agreed to this on condition of marriage alliance and having suzerainty over Derbent, which was refused. Disagreement ended with execution of Abu Nasr.{{sfn|Minorsky|1958|p=30}} |
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New emir of Derbent, [[Mansur I of Derbent|Mansur I]] continued war with Shirvan with varying degree of success until 1019 when a revolt in Derbent deposed Mansur in favor of Shirvanshah. This state of affairs lasted only until 1021 when Mansur recaptured the citadel with help of [[Sarir]]. Just 2 years later Mansur was deposed again but he managed to recapture the city after 20 days of siege in November 1024.{{sfn|Minorsky|1958|p=31}} |
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Yazid faced a revolt by saddlers' guild ({{Langx|ar|سَرَّاج|translit=sarrāj|lit=saddler}}) in 1025. |
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Yazid's son (also possibly his heir, since he was entrusted with governorship of Shamakhi{{sfn|Minorsky|1958|p=31}}) Anushirvan staged a palace coup in Shamakhi while he was away hunting in Gurzūl in 1025. Supported by locals, Anushirvan imprisoned his father's vizier Abd al-Aziz and looted his belongings. However his supporters soon changed sides and invited shah back to city. Anushirvan fled to nearby castle of Gulistan but was captured by freed vizier. Anushirvan died in prison not later. |
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== Family and legacy == |
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Yazid II was probably married to a daughter of a ruler of [[Shabaran]] who traced their descent from [[Sasanian Empire|Sassanids]].{{sfn|Minorsky|1958|p=63; 87}} Most notably, starting after him Shirvanshahs took up [[Persian name]]s and thus he is known as the progenitor of [[Kasranids|Kasranid]] branch of the dynasty.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ashurbeyli |first=Sara |title=Shirvanshahs' State |date=2006 |publisher=Poliqraf |isbn=978-5-87459-229-5 |location=Baku |pages=109 |language=az |author-link=Sara Ashurbeyli}}</ref> |
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# Anushirvan - rebelled, d. 1025. |
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# [[Manuchihr I of Shirvan|Manuchihr I]] (r. 1027 – 1034) |
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# [[Shamkuya]] (m. [[Abd al-Malik II of Derbent]] in December 1035, d. October 1067, [[Gulustan Fortress (Shamakhi)|Gulistan]]) |
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# Ahmad |
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Yazid died in 1027 and was buried in [[Shabaran]].{{sfn|Minorsky|1958|p=87}} He was succeeded by [[Manuchihr I of Shirvan|Manuchihr I]]. Two coins of him has been found and kept in [[National Museum of History of Azerbaijan|Museum of History of Azerbaijan]]. These coins describe him with ''[[Laqab|laqabs]]'' of ''al-Malik al-Muwaffaq al-Muzaffar Abu-Nasr.{{sfn|Minorsky|1958|p=64}}'' |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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== Sources == |
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* {{cite book |last=Minorsky |first=Vladimir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GPMHVEt_wVUC |title=A History of Sharvān and Darband in the 10th-11th Centuries |publisher=University of Michigan |year=1958 |isbn=978-1-84511-645-3 |pages=1–219}} |
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{{s-hou|[[Shirvanshah|House of Shirvanshah]]||?||1027}} |
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{{Shirvanshahs}} |
{{Shirvanshahs}} |
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[[Category:10th-century |
[[Category:10th-century monarchs in the Middle East]] |
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[[Category:11th-century |
[[Category:11th-century monarchs in the Middle East]] |
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[[Category:1027 deaths]] |
[[Category:1027 deaths]] |
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Latest revision as of 15:06, 30 October 2024
| Yazid ibn Ahmad | |
|---|---|
| Shah of Shirvan | |
 Silver dirhams of Yazid ibn Ahmad, from the Museum of History of Azerbaijan, Baku | |
| Shirvanshah | |
| Reign | November, 991 – November, 1027 |
| Predecessor | Muhammad IV |
| Successor | Manuchihr I |
| Emir of Derbent | |
| Reign | 1019 – 1021 1023 – 1024 |
| Predecessor | Mansur I |
| Successor | Mansur I |
| Burial | 1027 |
| Issue | Manuchihr I Anushirvan Ali II Qubad Shamkuya Ahmad Sallar Mamlan ibn Yazid |
| House | Yazidids and Kasranids |
| Dynasty | Shirvanshah |
| Father | Ahmad of Shirvan |
Yazid ibn Ahmad or Yazid II (Arabic: یزید) was the tenth Shirvanshah.
Reign
[edit]Yazid was second son of Shirvanshah Ahmad. He followed his brother Muhammad IV on throne of Shirvan c. November 991.
Relations with Christians
[edit]Yazid on the other hand, had to deal with Abd al-Barr b. Anbasah, former ruler of Qabala who used death of Muhammad to attack Shirvan in 992 in alliance with Shaki (probably Hereti or Kakheti). Battle was a disaster with 400 Shirvanese cavalries dead, with vizier Musaddin b. Habashi killed.[1] Following this, Yazid focused on restructuring his army and entrusted this job to his new vizier Abd al-Aziz and Abd al-Samad, two sons of Abbas Bardawi in 998. Next year, he attacked Abd al-Barr and captured Gurzūl castle (modern Girdadul, Qabala) from him.[1]
Relations with Emirate of Derbent
[edit]Yazid continued to intervene in Derbent affairs during his reign. After his accession, Maymun I attacked Bab al-Abwab and recaptured Emirate of Derbent which was under dominion of Shirvan during reign of Muhammad.
Later in 998/999, new emir Lashkari I (son of Maymun I) defeated Yazid who contested ownership of an estate near Derbent. Emir marched on Shabaran, however was defeated by Shirvan forces. Following the battle, captured brother of emir Abu Nasr was kept as hostage. Following a period of peace, Lashkari died in 1001/1002 and nobles of emirate asked for Abu Nasr to be succeeded. Yazid agreed to this on condition of marriage alliance and having suzerainty over Derbent, which was refused. Disagreement ended with execution of Abu Nasr.[1]
New emir of Derbent, Mansur I continued war with Shirvan with varying degree of success until 1019 when a revolt in Derbent deposed Mansur in favor of Shirvanshah. This state of affairs lasted only until 1021 when Mansur recaptured the citadel with help of Sarir. Just 2 years later Mansur was deposed again but he managed to recapture the city after 20 days of siege in November 1024.[2]
Yazid faced a revolt by saddlers' guild (Arabic: سَرَّاج, romanized: sarrāj, lit. 'saddler') in 1025.
Rebellion of Anushirvan
[edit]Yazid's son (also possibly his heir, since he was entrusted with governorship of Shamakhi[2]) Anushirvan staged a palace coup in Shamakhi while he was away hunting in Gurzūl in 1025. Supported by locals, Anushirvan imprisoned his father's vizier Abd al-Aziz and looted his belongings. However his supporters soon changed sides and invited shah back to city. Anushirvan fled to nearby castle of Gulistan but was captured by freed vizier. Anushirvan died in prison not later.
Family and legacy
[edit]Yazid II was probably married to a daughter of a ruler of Shabaran who traced their descent from Sassanids.[3] Most notably, starting after him Shirvanshahs took up Persian names and thus he is known as the progenitor of Kasranid branch of the dynasty.[4]
- Anushirvan - rebelled, d. 1025.
- Manuchihr I (r. 1027 – 1034)
- Ali II (r. 1034 – 1043)
- Qubad (r. 1043 – 1049)
- Shamkuya (m. Abd al-Malik II of Derbent in December 1035, d. October 1067, Gulistan)
- Ahmad
- Sallar (r. 1050 – 1063)
- Mamlan ibn Yazid (k. by Fariburz I on 24 February 1067)
Yazid died in 1027 and was buried in Shabaran.[5] He was succeeded by Manuchihr I. Two coins of him has been found and kept in Museum of History of Azerbaijan. These coins describe him with laqabs of al-Malik al-Muwaffaq al-Muzaffar Abu-Nasr.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Minorsky 1958, p. 30.
- ^ a b Minorsky 1958, p. 31.
- ^ Minorsky 1958, p. 63; 87.
- ^ Ashurbeyli, Sara (2006). Shirvanshahs' State (in Azerbaijani). Baku: Poliqraf. p. 109. ISBN 978-5-87459-229-5.
- ^ Minorsky 1958, p. 87.
- ^ Minorsky 1958, p. 64.
Sources
[edit]- Minorsky, Vladimir (1958). A History of Sharvān and Darband in the 10th-11th Centuries. University of Michigan. pp. 1–219. ISBN 978-1-84511-645-3.