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{{short description|Kannada and Telugu Hindu new year festival}}
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{{see also|Indian New Year's days}}
{{Other uses}}
{{For|other traditions of celebrating the lunar new year|Lunar New Year}}
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{{For|other traditions|Indian New Year's days|Lunar New Year}}
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{{short description|Telugu and Kannada Hindu new year festival}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox holiday
{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name = Yugadi
| holiday_name = Ugadi
| image = A Happy Ugadi puja tray Telugu Hindu New Year Vaisakhi.jpg
| image = A Happy Ugadi puja tray Telugu Hindu New Year Vaisakhi.jpg
| caption = Ugadi Pachadi with [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]] tray
| caption = Ugadi Pachadi with [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]] tray
| type = Hindu
| type = Hindu
| nickname = Samvatsaradi ([[Telugu people|Telugu new year]]), Yugadi ([[Kannada people|Kannada new year]])
| nickname = Samvatsaradi ([[Kannada people|Kannada new year]]), Yugadi ([[Telugu people|Telugu new year]])
| observedby = [[Hindus]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], [[Karnataka]], and [[Goa]]
| observedby = [[Hindus]] in [[Karnataka]], [[Telangana]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Goa]]
| date = {{Hindu festival date}}
| date = {{Hindu festival date}}
| date2022 = 2 April (Saturday)

| date2023 = 22 March (Wednesday)
| date2023 = 22 March (Wednesday)
| date2024 = 9 April (Tuesday)
| date2024 = 9 April (Tuesday)
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{{Hinduism}}
{{Hinduism}}
[[File:ఉగాది పచ్చడి.jpg|Ugadi Pachadi|thumb|right]]
[[File:ఉగాది పచ్చడి.jpg|Ugadi Pachadi|thumb|right]]
'''Ugadi''' or '''Yugadi''', also known as '''Samvatsarādi''' (meaning "beginning of the year"), is New Year's Day according to the [[Hindu calendar]] and is celebrated in the [[States of India|states]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], [[Karnataka]] and [[Goa]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Karen-Marie Yust|title=Nurturing Child and Adolescent Spirituality: Perspectives from the World's Religious Traditions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_dWh0l-iXHUC&pg=PA228|year=2006|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-4463-5|pages=228–229}}</ref> It is festively observed in these regions on the first day of the Hindu [[lunisolar calendar]] month of [[Chaitra]].<ref name=dalal427>{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC |year=2010|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-341421-6|page=427}}</ref> This typically falls in late March or early April of the Gregorian calendar.<ref name=dalal427/> It also falls during the Tamil month of either Panguni or Chithrai, sometimes on the day after Amavasya with 27th Nakshatra Revati. Ugadi day is pivoted on the first New Moon after [[March equinox|March Equinox]].
'''Ugadi''' or '''Yugadi''', also known as '''Samvatsarādi''' (meaning "beginning of the year"), is New Year's Day according to the [[Hindu calendar]] and is celebrated in the [[States of India|Indian states]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]] and [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&q=ugadi |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |date=2010 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-341421-6 |pages=427 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Karen-Marie Yust|title=Nurturing Child and Adolescent Spirituality: Perspectives from the World's Religious Traditions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_dWh0l-iXHUC&pg=PA228|year=2006|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-4463-5|pages=228–229}}</ref> The cycle actually consists of 60 years, each year individually named. The first day of each year is called 'Ugadi'. The word Ugadi can be split into two: Uga means Course of Stars and Adi means Starting. It is festively observed in these regions on the first day of the Hindu [[lunisolar calendar]] month of [[Chaitra]].<ref name=dalal427>{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC |year=2010|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-341421-6|page=427}}</ref> This typically falls in late March or early April of the Gregorian calendar.<ref name=dalal427/> It also falls during the Tamil month of either Panguni or Chithrai, sometimes on the day after Amavasya with 27th Nakshatra Revati. Ugadi day is pivoted on the first New Moon after [[March equinox|March Equinox]].


The day is observed by drawing colourful patterns on the floor called ''[[kolam|Muggulu]]'', mango leaf decorations on doors called ''torana'', buying and giving gifts such as new clothes, giving charity to the poor, oil massages followed by special baths, preparing and sharing a special food called ''pachadi'', and visiting Hindu temples.<ref name="Jagannathan2005p77"/><ref name="Fowler1997p72">{{cite book|author=Jeaneane D. Fowler|title=Hinduism: Beliefs and Practices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RmGKHu20hA0C&pg=PA72|year=1997|publisher=Sussex Academic Press|isbn=978-1-898723-60-8|pages=72–73}}</ref> The ''pachadi'' is a notable festive food that combines all flavors – sweet, sour, salty, bitter, astringent and [[piquance|piquant]]. In Telugu and Kannada Hindu traditions, it is a symbolic reminder that one must expect all flavors of experiences in the coming new year and make the most of them.<ref name=narayanan18/> Followers of the Souramana calendar system observe Ugadi in Karnataka, when the sun transits into the [[Aries (constellation)|Aries]] Constellation, which is also the festival of [[Baisakhi]], and is locally known as Souramana Ugadi or Mesha Sankranti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ugadi and Astronomy |url=https://paac.ppc.ac.in/2022/04/01/ugadi-and-astronomy/ |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=Poornaprajna Amateur Astronomers' Club |language=en-US}}</ref>
The day is observed by drawing colourful patterns on the floor called ''[[kolam|Muggulu]]/ Rangoli'', mango leaf decorations on doors called ''torana'', buying and giving gifts such as new clothes, giving charity to the poor, oil massages followed by special baths, preparing and sharing a special food called ''pachadi'', and visiting Hindu temples.<ref name="Jagannathan2005p77"/><ref name="Fowler1997p72">{{cite book|author=Jeaneane D. Fowler|title=Hinduism: Beliefs and Practices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RmGKHu20hA0C&pg=PA72|year=1997|publisher=Sussex Academic Press|isbn=978-1-898723-60-8|pages=72–73}}</ref> The ''pachadi'' is a notable festive food that combines all flavors – sweet, sour, salty, bitter, astringent and [[piquance|piquant]]. In Telugu and Kannada Hindu traditions, it is a symbolic reminder that one must expect all flavors of experiences in the coming new year and make the most of them.<ref name=narayanan18/> Followers of the Souramana calendar system observe Ugadi in Karnataka, when the sun transits into the [[Aries (constellation)|Aries]] Constellation, which is also the festival of [[Baisakhi]], and is locally known as Souramana Ugadi or Mesha Sankranti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ugadi and Astronomy |url=https://paac.ppc.ac.in/2022/04/01/ugadi-and-astronomy/ |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=Poornaprajna Amateur Astronomers' Club |language=en-US}}</ref>


Ugadi has been an important and historic festival of the Hindus, with medieval texts and inscriptions recording major charitable donations to Hindu temples and community centers on this day.<ref>{{cite book|author=K.V. Raman|title=Sri Varadarajaswami Temple, Kanchi: A Study of Its History, Art and Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=myK8ZYEIu4YC&pg=PA97|year=2003|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-026-6|pages=97–98}}</ref> The same day is observed as a New Year by Hindus in many other parts of India, such as [[Gudi Padwa]] in [[Maharashtra]]<!--, but sometimes observed a Gregorian day earlier because the lunar day starts and ends in Hindu calendar according to the position of the moon. In Karnataka, the festival is celebrated as Yugadi--> and is a national public holiday in [[Mauritius]].
Ugadi has been an important and historic festival of the Hindus, with medieval texts and inscriptions recording major charitable donations to Hindu temples and community centers on this day.<ref>{{cite book|author=K.V. Raman|title=Sri Varadarajaswami Temple, Kanchi: A Study of Its History, Art and Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=myK8ZYEIu4YC&pg=PA97|year=2003|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-026-6|pages=97–98}}</ref> The same day is observed as a New Year by Hindus in many other parts of India, such as [[Gudi Padwa]] in [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]]<!--, but sometimes observed a Gregorian day earlier because the lunar day starts and ends in Hindu calendar according to the position of the moon. In Karnataka, the festival is celebrated as Yugadi--> and is a national public holiday in [[Mauritius]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}


== Terminology ==
== Etymology ==
The name Yugadi or Ugadi is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] words ''yuga'' (age) and ''ādi'' (beginning): "the beginning of a new age".<ref name=narayanan18/> Yugadi or Ugadi falls on "''Chaitra Shudhdha Paadyami''" or the first day of the bright half of the Indian month of [[Chaitra]]. This generally falls in late March or early April of the Gregorian calendar.<ref name=dalal427/><ref name="Jagannathan2005p77">{{cite book|author=Maithily Jagannathan|title=South Indian Hindu Festivals and Traditions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xcIrkKUJH9QC&pg=PA77 |year=2005|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-415-8|pages=77–78}}</ref>
The name Yugadi or Ugadi is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] words ''yuga'' (age) and ''ādi'' (beginning): "the beginning of a new age".<ref name=narayanan18/> Yugadi or Ugadi falls on "''Chaitra Shudhdha Paadyami''" or the first day of the bright half of the Indian month of [[Chaitra]]. This generally falls in late March or early April of the Gregorian calendar.<ref name=dalal427/><ref name="Jagannathan2005p77">{{cite book|author=Maithily Jagannathan|title=South Indian Hindu Festivals and Traditions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xcIrkKUJH9QC&pg=PA77 |year=2005|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-415-8|pages=77–78}}</ref>


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[[File:Ugadi Pacchadi.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Ugadi Pacchadi (right) is a symbolic dish prepared by Hindu people on this festival]]
[[File:Ugadi Pacchadi.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Ugadi Pacchadi (right) is a symbolic dish prepared by Hindu people on this festival]]
Preparations for the festival begin a week ahead. Houses are given a thorough clean.<ref name="Fowler1997p72"/> People buy new clothes, including dhoti, and buy new items for the festival, decorate the entrance of their houses with fresh mango leaves.<ref name="Jagannathan2005p77"/> Mango leaves and coconuts are considered auspicious in the Hindu tradition, and they are used on Ugadi. People also clean the front of their house with water and cow dung paste, then draw colorful floral designs.<ref name="Jagannathan2005p77"/> People offer prayers in temples. The celebration of Ugadi is marked by religious zeal and social<ref>{{Cite web |last=Social |first=Wishes |date=March 14, 2023 |year=2023 |title=Ugadi Wishes |url=https://socialstatusdp.com/happy-ugadi-wishes/ |url-status=live |archive-date=March 14, 2023 |website=SocialStatusDP.com}}</ref> merriment.<ref>[[Gabriella Eichinger Ferro-Luzzi]] 91977), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2741405 Ritual as Language: The Case of South Indian Food Offerings], Current Anthropology, University of Chicago Press, Vol. 18, No. 3 (September 1977), pages 507–514</ref><ref name=narayanan18>{{cite journal | last=Narayanan | first=Vasudha | title=Y51K and Still Counting: Some Hindu Views of Time | journal=Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies | publisher=Butler University | volume=12 | issue=1 | year=1999| pages=17–18 | doi=10.7825/2164-6279.1205 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Ancient Tree 2009, pages 36-37">Neem - Ancient Tree, Modern Miracle, Warm Earth, National Library of Australia, No. 83, Mar/Apr 2009, pages 36-37</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Devagi Sanmugam|author2=Shanmugam Kasinathan|title=Indian Heritage Cooking|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQWJAAAAQBAJ |year=2011|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=978-981-4435-08-6|pages=96–97}}</ref> According to Vasudha Narayanan, a professor of Religion at the University of Florida:<ref name="narayanan182" />
Preparations for the festival begin a week ahead. Houses are given a thorough clean.<ref name="Fowler1997p72"/> People buy new clothes, including dhoti, and buy new items for the festival, decorate the entrance of their houses with fresh mango leaves.<ref name="Jagannathan2005p77"/> Mango leaves and coconuts are considered auspicious in the Hindu tradition, and they are used on Ugadi. People also clean the front of their house with water and cow dung paste, then draw colorful floral designs.<ref name="Jagannathan2005p77"/> People offer prayers in temples. The celebration of Ugadi is marked by religious zeal and social merriment.<ref>[[Gabriella Eichinger Ferro-Luzzi]] 91977), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2741405 Ritual as Language: The Case of South Indian Food Offerings], Current Anthropology, University of Chicago Press, Vol. 18, No. 3 (September 1977), pages 507–514</ref><ref name=narayanan18>{{cite journal | last=Narayanan | first=Vasudha | title=Y51K and Still Counting: Some Hindu Views of Time | journal=Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies | publisher=Butler University | volume=12 | issue=1 | year=1999| pages=17–18 | doi=10.7825/2164-6279.1205 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Ancient Tree 2009, pages 36-37">Neem - Ancient Tree, Modern Miracle, Warm Earth, National Library of Australia, No. 83, Mar/Apr 2009, pages 36-37</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Devagi Sanmugam|author2=Shanmugam Kasinathan|title=Indian Heritage Cooking|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQWJAAAAQBAJ |year=2011|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=978-981-4435-08-6|pages=96–97}}</ref> According to Vasudha Narayanan, a professor of Religion at the University of Florida:<ref name="narayanan182" />
<blockquote style="background-color:none;margin-right:5em;margin-left:0em;border-left:solid 6px #FFE0BB;padding:1.0em">
<blockquote style="background-color:none;margin-right:5em;margin-left:0em;border-left:solid 6px #FFE0BB;padding:1.0em">
The pacchadi festive dish symbolically reminds the people that the following year – as all of life – will consist of not just sweet experiences, but a combination of sweet, sour, salty, and bitter episodes. Just as the different substances are bound together, one is reminded that no event or episode is wholly good or bad. Even in the midst of bitter experiences, there are sweet moments. One is also reminded that the experience of taste is transitory and ephemeral; so too, is life, and one has to learn to put pain and pleasure in proper temporal perspective.<ref name=narayanan18/>
The pacchadi festive dish symbolically reminds the people that the following year – as all of life – will consist of not just sweet experiences, but a combination of sweet, sour, salty, and bitter episodes. Just as the different substances are bound together, one is reminded that no event or episode is wholly good or bad. Even in the midst of bitter experiences, there are sweet moments. One is also reminded that the experience of taste is transitory and ephemeral; so too, is life, and one has to learn to put pain and pleasure in proper temporal perspective.<ref name=narayanan18/>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>


Special dishes are prepared for the occasion. In Karnataka, foods such as Holige or Obattu, and mango pickles are made. In addition, a speciality of yugadi in Karnataka is to create "bEvu-bella" a mixture of neem and jaggery. This symbolizes life's own experiences with a little bit of bitternes and a hint of sweetness. In [[Andhra Pradesh]], foods such as pulihora, bobbatlu (Bhakshalu/ polelu/ oligale), New Year Burelu and Pachadi, and preparations made with raw mango go well with the occasion. Of these, ''pachadi'' (or ''Ugadi pacchadi'') is the most notable, and consists of a chutney-like dish which combines ingredients to give all six flavours of food (''షడ్రుచులు - ṣaḍruculu'') : sweet (''తీపి - tīpi''), sour (''పులుపు - pulupu''), salty (''ఉప్పు - uppu''), spicy (''కారం - kāraṁ''), bitter (''చేదు - cēdu'') and [[Astringent (taste)|astringent]] (''వగరు'' - ''vagaru'').<ref>Gabriella Eichinger Ferro-Luzzi 91977), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2741405 Ritual as Language: The Case of South Indian Food Offerings], Current Anthropology, University of Chicago Press, Vol. 18, No. 3 (September 1977), pages 507–514</ref> This festive Hindu food is made from tamarind paste (sour), neem flowers (bitter), brown sugar or sweet jaggery (sweet), table salt (salt), green chilli (spicy) and raw mango (astringent). It is a symbolic reminder of complex phases of life one should reasonably expect in the new year.<ref name="narayanan182">{{cite journal|last=Narayanan|first=Vasudha|year=1999|title=Y51K and Still Counting: Some Hindu Views of Time|journal=Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies|publisher=Butler University|volume=12|issue=1|pages=17–18|doi=10.7825/2164-6279.1205|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Ancient Tree 2009, pages 36-37"/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQWJAAAAQBAJ|title=Indian Heritage Cooking|author1=Devagi Sanmugam|author2=Shanmugam Kasinathan|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|year=2011|isbn=978-981-4435-08-6|pages=96–97}}</ref><!-- In Kannada, the greeting is Yugadi Habbada Shubhaashayagalu - ಯುಗಾದಿ ಹಬ್ಬದ ಶುಭಾಶಯಗಳು ("Greetings for the festival of Yugadi") or Hosa varshada shubhashayagalu - ಹೊಸ ವರ್ಷದ ಶುಭಾಶಯಗಳು ("Greetings on the New Year").{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}
Special dishes are prepared for the occasion. In [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]], foods such as pulihora, bobbatlu (Bhakshalu/ polelu/ oligale), New Year Burelu and Pachadi, and preparations made with raw mango go well with the occasion. Of these, ''pachadi'' (or ''Ugadi pacchadi'') is the most notable, and consists of a chutney-like dish which combines ingredients to give all six flavours of food : sweet, sour, salty, spicy, bitter and [[Astringent (taste)|astringent]].<ref>Gabriella Eichinger Ferro-Luzzi 91977), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2741405 Ritual as Language: The Case of South Indian Food Offerings], Current Anthropology, University of Chicago Press, Vol. 18, No. 3 (September 1977), pages 507–514</ref> This festive Hindu food is made from tamarind paste (sour), neem flowers (bitter), brown sugar or sweet jaggery (sweet), table salt (salt), green chilli (spicy) and raw mango (astringent). It is a symbolic reminder of complex phases of life one should reasonably expect in the new year.<ref name="narayanan182">{{cite journal|last=Narayanan|first=Vasudha|year=1999|title=Y51K and Still Counting: Some Hindu Views of Time|journal=Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies|publisher=Butler University|volume=12|issue=1|pages=17–18|doi=10.7825/2164-6279.1205|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Ancient Tree 2009, pages 36-37"/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQWJAAAAQBAJ|title=Indian Heritage Cooking|author1=Devagi Sanmugam|author2=Shanmugam Kasinathan|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|year=2011|isbn=978-981-4435-08-6|pages=96–97}}</ref>
In [[Karnataka]], foods such as Holige or Obattu, and mango pickles are made. In addition, a speciality of yugadi in Karnataka is to create "bEvu-bella" a mixture of neem and jaggery, to signify both the sweet and the bitter or the sihi-kahi(ಸಿಹಿ-ಕಹಿ). This symbolizes life's own experiences with a little bit of bitterness and a hint of sweetness.<!-- In Kannada, the greeting is Yugadi Habbada Shubhaashayagalu - ಯುಗಾದಿ ಹಬ್ಬದ ಶುಭಾಶಯಗಳು ("Greetings for the festival of Yugadi") or Hosa varshada shubhashayagalu - ಹೊಸ ವರ್ಷದ ಶುಭಾಶಯಗಳು ("Greetings on the New Year").{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}


In Telugu, the traditional greetings for Ugadi are kroththa yeta, ugadi panduga, palukarimpulu or ugadi subhaakankshalu – "క్రొత్త ఏట" / "ఉగాది పండుగ" పలుకరింపులు, లేదా ఉగాది శుభాకాంక్షలు ("Greetings for the festival of Ugadi") and Nutana samvastara shubhaakankshalu -నూతన సంవత్సర శుభాకాంక్షలు ("Greetings on the New Year").{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} -->
In Telugu, the traditional greetings for Ugadi are kroththa yeta, ugadi panduga, palukarimpulu or ugadi subhaakankshalu – "క్రొత్త ఏట" / "ఉగాది పండుగ" పలుకరింపులు, లేదా ఉగాది శుభాకాంక్షలు ("Greetings for the festival of Ugadi") and Nutana samvastara shubhaakankshalu -నూతన సంవత్సర శుభాకాంక్షలు ("Greetings on the New Year").{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} -->

Latest revision as of 17:21, 26 August 2024

For other uses, see Ugadi (disambiguation).
For other traditions, see Indian New Year's days and Lunar New Year.

Ugadi
Ugadi Pachadi with puja tray
Also calledSamvatsaradi (Kannada new year), Yugadi (Telugu new year)
Observed byHindus in Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Goa
TypeReligious (Hindu), social, cultural
CelebrationsMuggu-Rangoli, visiting Temples, Feast with Bobbattu, Holige and Bevu Bella
DateChaitra Shukla Pratipada
2023 date22 March (Wednesday)
2024 date9 April (Tuesday)
FrequencyAnnual
Related toGudi Padwa
Explanatory note
Hindu festival dates

The Hindu calendar is lunisolar but most festival dates are specified using the lunar portion of the calendar. A lunar day is uniquely identified by three calendar elements: māsa (lunar month), pakṣa (lunar fortnight) and tithi (lunar day).

Furthermore, when specifying the masa, one of two traditions are applicable, viz. amānta / pūrṇimānta. If a festival falls in the waning phase of the moon, these two traditions identify the same lunar day as falling in two different (but successive) masa.

A lunar year is shorter than a solar year by about eleven days. As a result, most Hindu festivals occur on different days in successive years on the Gregorian calendar.
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Ugadi Pachadi

Ugadi or Yugadi, also known as Samvatsarādi (meaning "beginning of the year"), is New Year's Day according to the Hindu calendar and is celebrated in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Karnataka.[1][2] The cycle actually consists of 60 years, each year individually named. The first day of each year is called 'Ugadi'. The word Ugadi can be split into two: Uga means Course of Stars and Adi means Starting. It is festively observed in these regions on the first day of the Hindu lunisolar calendar month of Chaitra.[3] This typically falls in late March or early April of the Gregorian calendar.[3] It also falls during the Tamil month of either Panguni or Chithrai, sometimes on the day after Amavasya with 27th Nakshatra Revati. Ugadi day is pivoted on the first New Moon after March Equinox.

The day is observed by drawing colourful patterns on the floor called Muggulu/ Rangoli, mango leaf decorations on doors called torana, buying and giving gifts such as new clothes, giving charity to the poor, oil massages followed by special baths, preparing and sharing a special food called pachadi, and visiting Hindu temples.[4][5] The pachadi is a notable festive food that combines all flavors – sweet, sour, salty, bitter, astringent and piquant. In Telugu and Kannada Hindu traditions, it is a symbolic reminder that one must expect all flavors of experiences in the coming new year and make the most of them.[6] Followers of the Souramana calendar system observe Ugadi in Karnataka, when the sun transits into the Aries Constellation, which is also the festival of Baisakhi, and is locally known as Souramana Ugadi or Mesha Sankranti.[7]

Ugadi has been an important and historic festival of the Hindus, with medieval texts and inscriptions recording major charitable donations to Hindu temples and community centers on this day.[8] The same day is observed as a New Year by Hindus in many other parts of India, such as Gudi Padwa in Maharashtra, Goa and is a national public holiday in Mauritius.[citation needed]

Etymology

[edit]

The name Yugadi or Ugadi is derived from the Sanskrit words yuga (age) and ādi (beginning): "the beginning of a new age".[6] Yugadi or Ugadi falls on "Chaitra Shudhdha Paadyami" or the first day of the bright half of the Indian month of Chaitra. This generally falls in late March or early April of the Gregorian calendar.[3][4]

The Telugu people use the term Ugadi[9] (ఉగాది)[10] and the Kannadigas use the term Yugadi (ಯುಗಾದಿ) for this festival.[11][12]

Practices

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Muggu (rangoli) arrangement in April 2009

The Telugu, Kannada, Kodava and the Tulu diaspora in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu celebrate the festival with great fanfare; gatherings of the extended family and a sumptuous feast are 'de rigueur'. The day begins early with ritual showers, rubbing the body with perfumed oil, followed by prayers.[5]

Ugadi Pacchadi (right) is a symbolic dish prepared by Hindu people on this festival

Preparations for the festival begin a week ahead. Houses are given a thorough clean.[5] People buy new clothes, including dhoti, and buy new items for the festival, decorate the entrance of their houses with fresh mango leaves.[4] Mango leaves and coconuts are considered auspicious in the Hindu tradition, and they are used on Ugadi. People also clean the front of their house with water and cow dung paste, then draw colorful floral designs.[4] People offer prayers in temples. The celebration of Ugadi is marked by religious zeal and social merriment.[13][6][14][15] According to Vasudha Narayanan, a professor of Religion at the University of Florida:[16]

The pacchadi festive dish symbolically reminds the people that the following year – as all of life – will consist of not just sweet experiences, but a combination of sweet, sour, salty, and bitter episodes. Just as the different substances are bound together, one is reminded that no event or episode is wholly good or bad. Even in the midst of bitter experiences, there are sweet moments. One is also reminded that the experience of taste is transitory and ephemeral; so too, is life, and one has to learn to put pain and pleasure in proper temporal perspective.[6]

Special dishes are prepared for the occasion. In Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, foods such as pulihora, bobbatlu (Bhakshalu/ polelu/ oligale), New Year Burelu and Pachadi, and preparations made with raw mango go well with the occasion. Of these, pachadi (or Ugadi pacchadi) is the most notable, and consists of a chutney-like dish which combines ingredients to give all six flavours of food : sweet, sour, salty, spicy, bitter and astringent.[17] This festive Hindu food is made from tamarind paste (sour), neem flowers (bitter), brown sugar or sweet jaggery (sweet), table salt (salt), green chilli (spicy) and raw mango (astringent). It is a symbolic reminder of complex phases of life one should reasonably expect in the new year.[16][14][18]

In Karnataka, foods such as Holige or Obattu, and mango pickles are made. In addition, a speciality of yugadi in Karnataka is to create "bEvu-bella" a mixture of neem and jaggery, to signify both the sweet and the bitter or the sihi-kahi(ಸಿಹಿ-ಕಹಿ). This symbolizes life's own experiences with a little bit of bitterness and a hint of sweetness.

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Maharashtran Hindus refer to the festival, observed on the same day, as Gudi Padwa (Marathi: गुढी पाडवा).[19] The Sindhis celebrate the same day as Cheti Chand, which is the beginning of their calendar year.[20] Manipuris also celebrate their New Year as Sajibu Nongma Panba on the same day.[21]

The Hindus of Bali in Indonesia also celebrate their new year on the same day as Nyepi.[22] Ugadi is one of the five Hindu national public holidays in Mauritius.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books India. p. 427. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
  2. ^ Karen-Marie Yust (2006). Nurturing Child and Adolescent Spirituality: Perspectives from the World's Religious Traditions. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 228–229. ISBN 978-0-7425-4463-5.
  3. ^ a b c Roshen Dalal (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books. p. 427. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
  4. ^ a b c d Maithily Jagannathan (2005). South Indian Hindu Festivals and Traditions. Abhinav Publications. pp. 77–78. ISBN 978-81-7017-415-8.
  5. ^ a b c Jeaneane D. Fowler (1997). Hinduism: Beliefs and Practices. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 72–73. ISBN 978-1-898723-60-8.
  6. ^ a b c d Narayanan, Vasudha (1999). "Y51K and Still Counting: Some Hindu Views of Time". Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies. 12 (1). Butler University: 17–18. doi:10.7825/2164-6279.1205.
  7. ^ "Ugadi and Astronomy". Poornaprajna Amateur Astronomers' Club. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  8. ^ K.V. Raman (2003). Sri Varadarajaswami Temple, Kanchi: A Study of Its History, Art and Architecture. Abhinav Publications. pp. 97–98. ISBN 978-81-7017-026-6.
  9. ^ Mar 25, TNN / Updated. "Hyderabad people celebrate Ugadi with food and family amid lockdown | Hyderabad News – Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 4 April 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Mar 31, TOI-Online. "Ugadi 2021 date, time and significance of Yugadi – Times of India". The Times of India. Times of india. Retrieved 4 April 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ ಸೋಹೋನಿ, ವಿಶ್ವಾಸ (15 March 2018). "ಯುಗಾದಿ ಎಂಬ ಹೊಸ ವರ್ಷ... ಏನಿದರ ಮಹತ್ವ?". kannada.oneindia.com (in Kannada). Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  12. ^ "Ugadi Festival in Telugu | ఉగాది చరిత్ర విశిష్టత విధానం". www.intelugu.net. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  13. ^ Gabriella Eichinger Ferro-Luzzi 91977), Ritual as Language: The Case of South Indian Food Offerings, Current Anthropology, University of Chicago Press, Vol. 18, No. 3 (September 1977), pages 507–514
  14. ^ a b Neem - Ancient Tree, Modern Miracle, Warm Earth, National Library of Australia, No. 83, Mar/Apr 2009, pages 36-37
  15. ^ Devagi Sanmugam; Shanmugam Kasinathan (2011). Indian Heritage Cooking. Marshall Cavendish. pp. 96–97. ISBN 978-981-4435-08-6.
  16. ^ a b Narayanan, Vasudha (1999). "Y51K and Still Counting: Some Hindu Views of Time". Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies. 12 (1). Butler University: 17–18. doi:10.7825/2164-6279.1205.
  17. ^ Gabriella Eichinger Ferro-Luzzi 91977), Ritual as Language: The Case of South Indian Food Offerings, Current Anthropology, University of Chicago Press, Vol. 18, No. 3 (September 1977), pages 507–514
  18. ^ Devagi Sanmugam; Shanmugam Kasinathan (2011). Indian Heritage Cooking. Marshall Cavendish. pp. 96–97. ISBN 978-981-4435-08-6.
  19. ^ "Share the love with a delectable Mavinakayi Chitranna recipe as you stay home this Gudi Padwa". The Economic Times. The economic Times. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  20. ^ "Ugadi a time to rejoice". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 4 April 2005. Archived from the original on 6 April 2005.
  21. ^ "Navratri, Gudi Padwa, Sajibu Cheiraoba, Ugadi geetings flood Twitter". The Statesman. 18 March 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  22. ^ "Bali's Silent Nyepi and India's Ugadi - A Time for Introspection". Center for Soft Power. 24 March 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
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