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{{Infobox element
{{Infobox element
⚫
⚫
|Z =66
⚫
⚫
|name=dysprosium
|name =dysprosium
|pronounce={{IPAc-en|d|ɪ|s|ˈ|p|r|oʊ|z|i|ə|m}}
|abundance=
|pronounce={{respell|dis|PROH|zee-əm}}
|abundance in earth's crust=
|abundance in oceans=
|abundance in solar system=
|left=[[terbium]]
|left=[[terbium]]
|right=[[holmium]]
|right=[[holmium]]
|above=-
|above=–
|below=[[californium|Cf]]
|below=[[californium|Cf]]
|series=lanthanide
|group=n/a
|period=6
|block=f
|image name=Dy chips.jpg
|image name=Dy chips.jpg
|appearance=silvery white
|appearance=silvery white
|atomic mass=162.500
|atomic mass 2=1
|electron configuration=[[[xenon|Xe]]] 4f<sup>10</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2
|phase=solid
|phase=
|density=8.550 g/cm<sup>3</sup> <ref name="Arblaster 2018" />
|density gpcm3nrt=8.540
|density conditions=(at 20° C)
|density gpcm3mp=8.37
|density gpcm3mp=8.37
|melting point K=1680
|melting point K=1680
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|vapor pressure comment=
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=hexagonal close packed
|crystal structure=hexagonal close packed
|crystal structure Pearson symbol=hP2
|oxidation states= '''3''', 2, 1
|lattice constants=''a'' = 359.16 pm<br />''c'' = 565.01 pm (at 20 °C)<ref name="Arblaster 2018">{{cite book |last=Arblaster |first= John W. |title=Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements |publisher=ASM International |publication-place=Materials Park, Ohio |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-62708-155-9}}</ref>
|oxidation states comment=(a weakly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide)
|electronegativity=1.22
|electronegativity=1.22
|number of ionization energies=3
|number of ionization energies=3
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|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|electrical resistivity=α, poly: 926
|electrical resistivity=α, poly: 926
|electrical resistivity comment=({{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}})
|electrical resistivity comment=([[Room temperature |r.t.]] )
|thermal conductivity=10.7
|thermal conductivity=10.7
|thermal expansion=α, poly: 9.9
|thermal expansion=poly: 9.9
|thermal expansion comment=({{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}})
|thermal expansion comment=([[Room temperature |r.t.]] )
|speed of sound rod at 20=2710
|speed of sound rod at 20=2710
|magnetic susceptibility= {{val|+103,500|e=−6}}
|Young's modulus=α form: 61.4
|magnetic susceptibility ref=  (293.2 K)<ref>{{Cite book|title=CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|last=Weast|first=Robert|publisher=Chemical Rubber Company Publishing|year=1984|isbn=0-8493-0464-4|location=Boca Raton, Florida|pages=E110}}</ref>
⚫
|Shear modulus=
α form: 24.7
|Bulk modulus=α form: 40.5
|Young's modulus=61 .4
⚫
⚫
|Poisson ratio=
α form: 0.247
|Bulk modulus=40.5
⚫
⚫
⚫
⚫
|Vickers hardness=
410–550
⚫
|Brinell hardness=
500–1050
|CAS number=7429-91-6
|CAS number=7429-91-6
|isotopes=
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=154 | sym=Dy
| na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=3.0×10<sup>6</sup> y
| dm=[[alpha decay|α]] | de=2.947 | link1=gadolinium-150 | pn=150 | ps=Gd}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=156 | sym=Dy | na=0.06% | hl=>1×10<sup>18</sup> y
| dm1=([[alpha decay|α]]) | de1=1.7579 | link1=gadolinium-152 | pn1=152 | ps1=Gd
| dm2=([[double beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup>]]) | link2=gadolinium-156 | de2=2.0108 | pn2=156 | ps2=Gd}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=158 | sym=Dy | na=0.10% | hl=-
| dm1=([[alpha decay|α]]) | de1=0.8748 | link1=gadolinium-154 | pn1=154 | ps1=Gd
| dm2=([[double beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup>]]) | link2=gadolinium-158 | de2=0.2833 | pn2=158 | ps2=Gd}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=160 | sym=Dy | na=2.34% | hl=- | dm=([[alpha decay|α]]) | de=0.4387 | link1=gadolinium-156 | pn=156 | ps=Gd }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=161 | sym=Dy | na=18.91% | hl=- | dm=([[alpha decay|α]]) | de=0.3443 | link1=gadolinium-157 | pn=157 | ps=Gd }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=162 | sym=Dy | na=25.51% | hl=- | dm=([[alpha decay|α]]) | de=0.0847 | link1=gadolinium-158 | pn=158 | ps=Gd }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=163 | sym=Dy | na=24.90% | hl=- | dm=([[spontaneous fission|SF]]) | de=<79.055 | pn= | ps= }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=164 | sym=Dy | na=28.18% | hl=- | dm=([[spontaneous fission|SF]]) | de=<79.499 | pn= | ps= }}
|isotopes comment=Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
|discovered by=[[Lecoq de Boisbaudran]]
|discovered by=[[Lecoq de Boisbaudran]]
|discovery date=1886
|discovery date=1886
|first isolation by=[[Georges Urbain]]
⚫
|first isolation date=1905
|QID=Q1843
}}<!--
⚫
{{Infobox element/element navigation|symbol=Dy}}
{{Template reference list}}
{{Template reference list}}
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}
Chemical element with atomic number 66 (Dy)
Dysprosium, 66 Dy Pronunciation (dis-PROH -zee-əm ) Appearance silvery white
Atomic number (Z ) 66 Group f-block groups (no number)Period period 6 Block f-block Electron configuration [Xe ] 4f10 6s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2 Phase at STP solid Melting point 1680 K (1407 °C, 2565 °F) Boiling point 2840 K (2562 °C, 4653 °F) Density (at 20° C) 8.550 g/cm3 [ 3] when liquid (at m.p. ) 8.37 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 11.06 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 280 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 27.7 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
1378
1523
(1704)
(1954)
(2304)
(2831)
Oxidation states common: +3
0,[ 4] +1,? +2,[ 5] +4 Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.22 Ionization energies 1st: 573.0 kJ/mol 2nd: 1130 kJ/mol 3rd: 2200 kJ/mol Atomic radius empirical: 178 pm Covalent radius 192±7 pm Spectral lines of dysprosiumNatural occurrence primordial Crystal structure hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2 ) Lattice constants a = 359.16 pmc = 565.01 pm (at 20 °C)[ 3] Thermal expansion poly: 9.9 µm/(m⋅K) (r.t. ) Thermal conductivity 10.7 W/(m⋅K) Electrical resistivity α, poly: 926 nΩ⋅m (r.t. ) Magnetic ordering paramagnetic at 300 K Molar magnetic susceptibility +103500 × 10−6 cm3 /mol (293.2 K)[ 6] Young's modulus 61.4 GPa Shear modulus 24.7 GPa Bulk modulus 40.5 GPa Speed of sound thin rod 2710 m/s (at 20 °C) Poisson ratio 0.247 Vickers hardness 410–550 MPa Brinell hardness 500–1050 MPa CAS Number 7429-91-6 Discovery Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1886) First isolation Georges Urbain (1905)
Category: Dysprosium | references
child table, as reused in {IB-Dy}
References
These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Dysprosium" . CIAAW . 2001.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry . doi :10.1515/pac-2019-0603 . ISSN 1365-3075 .
^ a b Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements . Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9 .
^ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev . 22 : 17–24. doi :10.1039/CS9932200017 . and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry . 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi :10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028 .
^ Greenwood, Norman N. ; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann . p. 28. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8 .
^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4 .
^ a b Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF) . Chinese Physics C . 45 (3): 030001. doi :10.1088/1674-1137/abddae .
^ Chiera, Nadine Mariel; Dressler, Rugard; Sprung, Peter; Talip, Zeynep; Schumann, Dorothea (2022-05-28). "High precision half-life measurement of the extinct radio-lanthanide Dysprosium-154". Scientific Reports . 12 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi :10.1038/s41598-022-12684-6 . ISSN 2045-2322 .
^ Chiera, Nadine Mariel; Dressler, Rugard; Sprung, Peter; Talip, Zeynep; Schumann, Dorothea (2022-05-28). "High precision half-life measurement of the extinct radio-lanthanide Dysprosium-154". Scientific Reports . 12 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi :10.1038/s41598-022-12684-6 . ISSN 2045-2322 .
This template uses Lua :
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ionization energy ref
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ionization energy comment
Numbered values make a list:
ionization energy
ionization energy 2
ionization energy 3
See also: Infobox element/testcases-all-params demo .
{{ Infobox element
| name =
| symbol =
| number =
<!-- image -->
| image name =
| image upright =
| spectral image = <!-- central data list -->
<!-- General properties -->
| pronounce = <!-- central data list -->
| alt name =
| alt names =
| allotropes =
| appearance =
| standard atomic weight = <!-- central data list -->
<!-- Periodic table -->
| above =
| below =
| left =
| right =
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| category color =
| group =
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| physical properties comment =
| color =
| phase =
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| melting point K =
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| sublimation point K =
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| density gplstp =
| density gplstp ref =
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| density kgpm3stp =
| density kgpm3stp ref =
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| density gpcm3nrt =
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| density gpcm3nrt 2 comment =
| density gpcm3nrt 3 =
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| density gpcm3mp =
| density gpcm3mp ref =
| density gpcm3mp comment =
| density gpcm3bp =
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| molar volume =
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| molar volume comment =
| triple point K =
| triple point kPa =
| triple point ref =
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| critical point K =
| critical point MPa =
| critical point ref =
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<!-- Atomic properties -->
| atomic properties comment =
| electronegativity =
| electronegativity ref =
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| ionization energy 1 =
| ionization energy 1 ref =
| ionization energy 1 comment =
| ionization energy 2 =
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| number of ionization energies =
| ionization energy ref =
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| atomic radius =
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| Van der Waals radius =
| Van der Waals radius ref =
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<!-- Miscellanea -->
| crystal structure =
| crystal structure prefix =
| crystal structure ref =
| crystal structure comment =
| lattice constant =
| crystal structure 2 =
| crystal structure 2 prefix =
| crystal structure 2 ref =
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| speed of sound =
| speed of sound ref =
| speed of sound comment =
| speed of sound rod at 20 =
| speed of sound rod at 20 ref =
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| speed of sound rod at r.t. =
| speed of sound rod at r.t. ref =
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| thermal expansion =
| thermal expansion ref =
| thermal expansion comment =
| thermal expansion at 25 =
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| thermal conductivity =
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| electrical resistivity at 20 =
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| band gap =
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| Vickers hardness =
| Vickers hardness ref =
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| Brinell hardness =
| Brinell hardness ref =
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| CAS number =
| CAS number ref =
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<!-- History -->
| naming =
| predicted by =
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| discovered by =
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| first isolation date ref =
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| discovery and first isolation by =
| named by =
| named date ref =
| named date =
| history comment label =
| history comment =
<!-- Isotopes not here -->
<!-- other -->
| engvar =
| QID =
}}
{{ Infobox element }} ; labels & notes:
(Image)
GENERAL PROPERTIES
Name
Symbol
Pronunciation (data central)
Alternative name(s)
Allotropes
Appearance
<element> IN THE PERIODIC TABLE
Periodic table
Atomic number
Standard atomic weight (data central)
Element category (also header bg color)
(sets header bg color, over 'series='-color)
Group
Period
Block
Electron configuration
Electrons per shell
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
(general note)
Color
Phase
Melting point
Boiling point
Sublimation point
Density [g/L at s.t.p.]
Density [kg/m3 at s.t.p.]
Density [g/cm3 near room temperature]
[g/cm3 near r.t.], #2
[g/cm3 near r.t.], #3
Density (liquid, melting point) [g/cm3]
Density (liquid, boiling point) [g/cm3]
Molar volume
Unit defaults to cm3/mol
otherwise set unit prefix=d for dm3/mol (gases)
Triple point
Critical point
Heat of fusion
Heat of vaporization
Molar heat capacity
Vapor pressure
Vapor pressure
ATOMIC PROPERTIES
Electronegativity
Ionization energy
Atomic radius
Covalent radius
Van der Waals radius
MISCELLANEA
Crystal structure
Crystal structure
Speed of sound
Thermal expansion
Thermal conductivity
Thermal diffusivity
Electrical resistivity
Band gap
Curie point
Magnetic ordering
Tensile strength
Young's modulus
Shear modulus
Bulk modulus
Poisson ratio
Mohs hardness
Vickers hardness
Brinell hardness
CAS Number
HISTORY
Naming
Prediction
()
Discovery
()
First isolation
()
Discovery and first isolation (1 or 2 dates)
Named by
()
(History comment)
(wp:engvar )
Chemical element data sets
Infobox element reads data from these lists (i.e., not by local parameter)
Main isotopes box
As of 7 Jan 2023[update] , the "Main isotopes of <element>" tabular list will be read directly from the Isobox : "Infobox <element> isotopes". For example, {{ Infobox uranium }} will read the table live from {{ Infobox uranium isotopes }} .
The headerbar provides View-Edit links to that Isobox.
Reused Main Isotopes table listed in Category:Infobox element isotopes templates (119).
Theoretical elements handling (E119)
As of 1 Jan 2023[update] , elements E119 and higher are not discovered. These are called theoretical elements . They can have article and other content pages though. Incidentally, this concerns period 8 completely. For the Infobox <element>, their redirected pages do not count (are treated as: "R page does not exist").
Possible situations regarding articles & discovery, are:
"E118 ": E1–E118 , discovered, existing full set, mentioned here for easy reference
"E119 ": E119 , E120
"E121 ": E121 , E122, E124, E126
"E127 , E185 ": E123, E125, E127 ... Unbitrium Redirect : no article, no other content pages.
Creation of pages is governed by MOS:NONEWELEMENTS . This infobox must distinguish between three typical (exemplary) elements: E118 (regular element), E119 and E121.
Handling of these element infoboxes is hardcoded in the meta-infobox, set by |number=
(Z ).
Theoretical element : above-header shows
Theoretical element
Applied: when element is theoretical (E119 and higher).
No article "Isotopes of <element>" : Header does not link
E119: Main isotopes of ununennium
E121: Main isotopes of unbiunium
Applied: E119, E120 do link, E121 and higher do not link.
No isotopes known, Isobox does not exist : local input, per Infobox. For example:
Transclusion of the isobox is suppressed (no redlink),
E119: |theoretical isotopes comment=Experiments and theoretical calculations
Applied: E119 and up: have no Isobox, so no isotopes lists is shown—at all. Instead , the parametertext is shown as present.
Theoretical elements & period 8: Existing pages overview
(conforms MOS as of 4 Jan 2023[update] )
Element
Content page
Notes
per
E
disc. /theor.
Page
Name
T: Infobox (E)
Isotopes of (E)
T: Isobox (E)
Page set pattern(4 Jan 2023)
note
⑦
E118 (Og)
disc.
Article
Oganesson ,cat:E118 (3)
{{IB oganesson }}
Isotopes of oganesson ,cat:Isotopes E118 (6)
{{Isobox oganesson }}
E118 [ Set 1]
compare
⑧
E119 (Uue)
theor.
Article
Ununennium ,cat:E119 (4)
{{IB ununennium }}
Isotopes of ununennium ,cat:Isotopes E119 (1)
{{Isobox E119 }}
E119 [ Set 2]
period 8 start
⑧
E120 (Ubn)
theor.
Article
Unbinilium ,cat:E120 (4)
{{IB unbinilium }}
Isotopes of unbinilium ,cat:Isotopes E120 (1)
{{Isobox E120 }}
E119 [ Set 2]
⑧
E121 (Ubu)
theor.
Article
Unbiunium ,cat:E121 (3)
{{IB unbiunium }}
Isotopes of unbiunium R ,cat:Isotopes E121 (0)
{{Isobox E121 }}
E121 [ Set 3]
⑧
E122 (Ubb)
theor.
Article
Unbibium ,cat:E122 (3)
{{IB unbibium }}
Isotopes of unbibium R ,cat:Isotopes E122 (0)
{{Isobox E122 }}
E121 [ Set 3]
⑧
E123 (Ubt)
theor.
R
Unbitrium R ,cat:E123 (0)
{{Infobox E123 }}
Isotopes of E123 ,cat:Isotopes E123 (0)
{{Isobox E123 }}
E127 [ Set 4]
⑧
E124 (Ubq)
theor.
Article
Unbiquadium ,cat:E124 (4)
{{IB unbiquadium }}
Isotopes of unbiquadium R ,cat:Isotopes E124 (0)
{{Isobox E124 }}
E121 [ Set 3]
⑧
E125 (Ubp)
theor.
R
Unbipentium R ,cat:E125 (0)
{{Infobox E125 }}
Isotopes of E125 ,cat:Isotopes E125 (0)
{{Isobox E125 }}
E127 [ Set 4]
⑧
E126 (Ubh)
theor.
Article
Unbihexium ,cat:E126 (3)
{{IB unbihexium }}
Isotopes of unbihexium R ,cat:Isotopes E126 (0)
{{Isobox E126 }}
E121 [ Set 3]
⑧
E127 (Ubs)
theor.
R
Unbiseptium R ,cat:E127 (0)
{{Infobox E127 }}
Isotopes of E127 ,cat:Isotopes E127 (0)
{{Isobox E127 }}
E127 [ Set 4]
⑧
E128 (Ubo)
theor.
R
Unbioctium R ,cat:E128 (0)
{{Infobox E128 }}
Isotopes of E128 ,cat:Isotopes E128 (0)
{{Isobox E128 }}
E127 [ Set 4]
⑧
E172 (Usb)
theor.
R
Unseptbium R ,cat:E172 (0)
{{Infobox E172 }}
Isotopes of E172 ,cat:Isotopes E172 (0)
{{Isobox E172 }}
E127 [ Set 4]
End of period 8 ("NG")
⑧ ⑨
E127–E184
R
E127 [ Set 4]
E127–E184 = 58 elements
⑨
E184 (Uoq)
theor.
R
Unoctquadium R ,cat:E184 (0)
{{Infobox E184 }}
Isotopes of E184 ,cat:Isotopes E184 (0)
{{Isobox E184 }}
E127 [ Set 4]
⑨
E185 (Uop)
theor.
R
Unoctpentium R ,cat:E185 (0)
{{Infobox E185 }}
Isotopes of E185 ,cat:Isotopes E185 (0)
{{Isobox E185 }}
E185 [ Set 5]
cat:Elements (124)
cat:IB (E) (124) meta:{{IB element }}
cat:List of isotopes (E) (122)
cat:Isobox (E) (119) meta:{{Isobox (E) }}
Sets of existing pages, by exemplary element:
^ E118 (Oganesson ): Article, Infobox, Isotopes article, Isobox, eponymous category, isotopes categories (complete set, six pages). Discovered element, for reference.
^ a b E119 (Ununennium ): Article, Infobox, eponymous category, Isotopes article (but no big "§ List of isotopes " table). No Isobox.
^ a b c d E121 (Unbiunium ): Article, Infobox, eponymous category.
^ a b c d e f g E127 (Unbiseptium ): R-article only, on systematical name.
^ E185 (Unoctpentium ): No article, no redirect.
As of 4 Jan 2023[update] , conforms MOS:no new elements (no idle pages created; redirects for element names only)
Uue–Uoq (E119–E184) each have an article page by their systematic name. That is 66 article page. Six of these are content pages (articles), and 58 are a redirect.
R : Redirects are non-content pages. Treated as non-existant page.
E172 would be the end of period 8 ("noble gas") and E173 would be the beginning of period 9.
{{Index by periodic table }} · Category:Hypothetical chemical elements (75)
Subtemplates
These subtemplates are used automatically; they do not need specific editor's input.
Bare Periodic table, micro
English variant spellings (ENGVAR)
All element articles and their infoboxes use IUPAC spelling of elements and compounds. Notably, that is aluminium, sulfur, caesium , not aluminum, sulphur, cesium . For other English variant words (vapor vs. vapour) the infobox reads |engvar=
. The parameter should be set in the article , and has options: en-US (or blank; default), en-GB, en-OED.
parameter
en-US (default)
en-GB
en-OED
color
color
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coloUr
heat vaporization
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vapor pressure
vapor
vapoUr
vapoUr
ionization energy
ioniZation
ioniSation
ioniZation
crystal structure (list )
-centEred
-centred
-centred
... oxidation-state/comment
parenthesized
brackets
brackets
Note, what is shown in the infobox is not influenced by the parameter name spelling, nor its input value.
Articles having engvar set: see Category:WikiProject Elements pages using ENGVAR (12)
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References
These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
See also
Tracking categories
Index by periodic table
Chemical element data sets
ID Periodic table Properties(overview ) Etymology enwiki Images Isotopes WikidataOverviews Data hardcoded(not using these datalists) nav