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{{Infobox element
{{Infobox element
|symbol =Dy
|number=66
|Z =66
|symbol=Dy
|number =66
|name=dysprosium
|name =dysprosium
|pronounce={{IPAc-en|d|ɪ|s|ˈ|p|r|oʊ|z|i|ə|m}}
|abundance=
|pronounce={{respell|dis|PROH|zee-əm}}
|abundance in earth's crust=
|abundance in oceans=
|abundance in solar system=
|left=[[terbium]]
|left=[[terbium]]
|right=[[holmium]]
|right=[[holmium]]
|above=-
|above=
|below=[[californium|Cf]]
|below=[[californium|Cf]]
|series=lanthanide
|group=n/a
|period=6
|block=f
|image name=Dy chips.jpg
|image name=Dy chips.jpg
|appearance=silvery white
|appearance=silvery white
|atomic mass=162.500
|atomic mass 2=1
|electron configuration=&#91;[[xenon|Xe]]&#93; 4f<sup>10</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2
|phase=solid
|phase=
|density=8.550&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup>&thinsp;<ref name="Arblaster 2018" />
|density gpcm3nrt=8.540
|density conditions=(at&nbsp;20°&nbsp;C)
|density gpcm3mp=8.37
|density gpcm3mp=8.37
|melting point K=1680
|melting point K=1680
Line 39: Line 36:
|vapor pressure comment=
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=hexagonal close packed
|crystal structure=hexagonal close packed
|crystal structure Pearson symbol=hP2
|oxidation states= '''3''', 2, 1
|lattice constants=''a''&nbsp;=&nbsp;359.16&nbsp;pm<br />''c''&nbsp;=&nbsp;565.01&nbsp;pm (at&nbsp;20&nbsp;°C)<ref name="Arblaster 2018">{{cite book |last=Arblaster |first= John W. |title=Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements |publisher=ASM International |publication-place=Materials Park, Ohio |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-62708-155-9}}</ref>
|oxidation states comment=(a&nbsp;weakly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide)
|electronegativity=1.22
|electronegativity=1.22
|number of ionization energies=3
|number of ionization energies=3
Line 51: Line 48:
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|electrical resistivity=α, poly: 926
|electrical resistivity=α, poly: 926
|electrical resistivity comment=({{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}})
|electrical resistivity comment=([[Room temperature|r.t.]])
|thermal conductivity=10.7
|thermal conductivity=10.7
|thermal expansion=α, poly: 9.9
|thermal expansion=poly: 9.9
|thermal expansion comment=({{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}})
|thermal expansion comment=([[Room temperature|r.t.]])
|speed of sound rod at 20=2710
|speed of sound rod at 20=2710
|magnetic susceptibility= {{val|+103,500|e=−6}}
|Young's modulus=α form: 61.4
|magnetic susceptibility ref= &#x20;(293.2&nbsp;K)<ref>{{Cite book|title=CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|last=Weast|first=Robert|publisher=Chemical Rubber Company Publishing|year=1984|isbn=0-8493-0464-4|location=Boca Raton, Florida|pages=E110}}</ref>
|Shear modulus=α form: 24.7
|Bulk modulus=α form: 40.5
|Young's modulus=61.4
|Shear modulus=24.7
|Poisson ratio=α form: 0.247
|Bulk modulus=40.5
|Vickers hardness=540
|Poisson ratio=0.247
|Brinell hardness=500
|Vickers hardness=410–550
|Brinell hardness=500–1050
|CAS number=7429-91-6
|CAS number=7429-91-6
|isotopes=
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=154 | sym=Dy
| na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=3.0×10<sup>6</sup> y
| dm=[[alpha decay|α]] | de=2.947 | link1=gadolinium-150 | pn=150 | ps=Gd}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=156 | sym=Dy | na=0.06% | hl=>1&times;10<sup>18</sup> y
| dm1=([[alpha decay|α]]) | de1=1.7579 | link1=gadolinium-152 | pn1=152 | ps1=Gd
| dm2=([[double beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup>]]) | link2=gadolinium-156 | de2=2.0108 | pn2=156 | ps2=Gd}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=158 | sym=Dy | na=0.10% | hl=-
| dm1=([[alpha decay|α]]) | de1=0.8748 | link1=gadolinium-154 | pn1=154 | ps1=Gd
| dm2=([[double beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup>]]) | link2=gadolinium-158 | de2=0.2833 | pn2=158 | ps2=Gd}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=160 | sym=Dy | na=2.34% | hl=- | dm=([[alpha decay|α]]) | de=0.4387 | link1=gadolinium-156 | pn=156 | ps=Gd }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=161 | sym=Dy | na=18.91% | hl=- | dm=([[alpha decay|α]]) | de=0.3443 | link1=gadolinium-157 | pn=157 | ps=Gd }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=162 | sym=Dy | na=25.51% | hl=- | dm=([[alpha decay|α]]) | de=0.0847 | link1=gadolinium-158 | pn=158 | ps=Gd }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=163 | sym=Dy | na=24.90% | hl=- | dm=([[spontaneous fission|SF]]) | de=&lt;79.055 | pn= | ps= }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=164 | sym=Dy | na=28.18% | hl=- | dm=([[spontaneous fission|SF]]) | de=&lt;79.499 | pn= | ps= }}
|isotopes comment=Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
|discovered by=[[Lecoq de Boisbaudran]]
|discovered by=[[Lecoq de Boisbaudran]]
|discovery date=1886
|discovery date=1886
|first isolation by=[[Georges Urbain]]
}}<noinclude>
|first isolation date=1905
|QID=Q1843
}}<!--

--><noinclude>
{{Infobox element/element navigation|symbol=Dy}}
{{Template reference list}}
{{Template reference list}}
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}

Latest revision as of 09:52, 8 April 2024

Dysprosium, 66Dy
Dysprosium
Pronunciation/dɪsˈprziəm/ (dis-PROH-zee-əm)
Appearancesilvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Dy)
Dysprosium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson


Dy

Cf
terbiumdysprosiumholmium
Atomic number (Z)66
Groupf-block groups (no number)
Periodperiod 6
Block  f-block
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f10 6s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1680 K ​(1407 °C, ​2565 °F)
Boiling point2840 K ​(2562 °C, ​4653 °F)
Density (at 20° C)8.550 g/cm3[3]
when liquid (at m.p.)8.37 g/cm3
Heat of fusion11.06 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization280 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity27.7 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1378 1523 (1704) (1954) (2304) (2831)
Atomic properties
Oxidation statescommon: +3
0,[4] +1,? +2,[5] +4
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.22
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 573.0 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1130 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2200 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 178 pm
Covalent radius192±7 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of dysprosium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurehexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2)
Lattice constants
Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for dysprosium
a = 359.16 pm
c = 565.01 pm (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal expansionpoly: 9.9 µm/(m⋅K) (r.t.)
Thermal conductivity10.7 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivityα, poly: 926 nΩ⋅m (r.t.)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic at 300 K
Molar magnetic susceptibility+103500×10−6 cm3/mol (293.2 K)[6]
Young's modulus61.4 GPa
Shear modulus24.7 GPa
Bulk modulus40.5 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod2710 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio0.247
Vickers hardness410–550 MPa
Brinell hardness500–1050 MPa
CAS Number7429-91-6
History
DiscoveryLecoq de Boisbaudran (1886)
First isolationGeorges Urbain (1905)
Isotopes of dysprosium
Main isotopes[7] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
154Dy synth 1.40×106 y[8] α 150Gd
156Dy 0.056% stable
158Dy 0.095% stable
160Dy 2.33% stable
161Dy 18.9% stable
162Dy 25.5% stable
163Dy 24.9% stable
164Dy 28.3% stable
165Dy synth 2.334 h β 165Ho
 Category: Dysprosium
| references
Dy · Dysprosium
Tb ←

ibox Tb

iso
66
Dy  [e]
IB-Dy [e]
IBisos [e]
→ Ho

ibox Ho

indexes by PT (page)
child table, as reused in {IB-Dy}
Main isotopes of dysprosium
Main isotopes[7] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
154Dy synth 1.40×106 y[9] α 150Gd
156Dy 0.056% stable
158Dy 0.095% stable
160Dy 2.33% stable
161Dy 18.9% stable
162Dy 25.5% stable
163Dy 24.9% stable
164Dy 28.3% stable
165Dy synth 2.334 h β 165Ho
Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01)
See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (46) · (this table: )

References

  1. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Dysprosium". CIAAW. 2001.
  2. ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. ^ a b Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
  4. ^ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
  5. ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  6. ^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  7. ^ a b Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  8. ^ Chiera, Nadine Mariel; Dressler, Rugard; Sprung, Peter; Talip, Zeynep; Schumann, Dorothea (2022-05-28). "High precision half-life measurement of the extinct radio-lanthanide Dysprosium-154". Scientific Reports. 12 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12684-6. ISSN 2045-2322.
  9. ^ Chiera, Nadine Mariel; Dressler, Rugard; Sprung, Peter; Talip, Zeynep; Schumann, Dorothea (2022-05-28). "High precision half-life measurement of the extinct radio-lanthanide Dysprosium-154". Scientific Reports. 12 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12684-6. ISSN 2045-2322.