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Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is...

HTTP cookies (also called web cookies, Internet cookies, browser cookies, or simply cookies) are small blocks of data created by a web server while a user...

C (pronounced /ˈsiː/ – like the letter c) is a general-purpose programming language. It was created in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie and remains very widely...

An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label such as 192.0.2.1 that is assigned to a device connected to a computer network that uses...

Microsoft Word is a word processor program developed by Microsoft. It was first released on October 25, 1983, under the name Multi-Tool Word for Xenix...

The World Wide Web (WWW or simply the Web) is an information system that enables content sharing over the Internet through user-friendly ways meant to...

Electronic mail (email or e-mail) is a method of transmitting and receiving messages using electronic devices. It was conceived in the late–20th century...

The software release life cycle is the process of developing, testing, and distributing a software product (e.g., an operating system). It typically consists...

Portable Document Format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting...

In computing, a denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable...

A computer network is a set of computers sharing resources located on or provided by network nodes. Computers use common communication protocols over digital...

iOS (formerly iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system developed by Apple exclusively for its smartphones. It was unveiled in January 2007 for the first-generation...

A programming language is a system of notation for writing computer programs. Programming languages are described in terms of their syntax (form) and semantics...

In computing, a database is an organized collection of data or a type of data store based on the use of a database management system (DBMS), the software...

JPEG (/ˈdʒeɪpɛɡ/ JAY-peg, short for Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly for...

Free and open-source software (FOSS) is software that is available under a license that grants the right to use, modify, and distribute the software, modified...

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code: data in the form of fields...

The App Store is an app marketplace developed and maintained by Apple, for mobile apps on its iOS and iPadOS operating systems. The store allows users...

Unix (/ˈjuːnɪks/ , YOO-niks; trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multi-user computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T...

MS-DOS (/ˌɛmˌɛsˈdɒs/ em-es-DOSS; acronym for Microsoft Disk Operating System, also known as Microsoft DOS) is an operating system for x86-based personal...

Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology standard that is used for exchanging data between fixed and mobile devices over short distances and building...

ARM (stylised in lowercase as arm, formerly an acronym for Advanced RISC Machines and originally Acorn RISC Machine) is a family of RISC instruction set...

IRC (Internet Relay Chat) is a text-based chat system for instant messaging. IRC is designed for group communication in discussion forums, called channels...

Intel Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, and incorporated in Delaware...

An email address identifies an email box to which messages are delivered. While early messaging systems used a variety of formats for addressing, today...

This article contains special characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. The ampersand, also known...

Cryptography, or cryptology (from Ancient Greek: κρυπτός, romanized: kryptós "hidden, secret"; and γράφειν graphein, "to write", or -λογία -logia, "study"...

Git (/ɡɪt/) is a distributed version control system that tracks versions of files. It is often used to control source code by programmers who are developing...

The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the set of communication protocols used in the Internet and similar...

Windows Vista is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft. It was the direct successor to Windows XP, released five years...

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a reference model from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that "provides a common...

Creative Commons (CC) is an American non-profit organization and international network devoted to educational access and expanding the range of creative...

An Internet forum, or message board, is an online discussion site where people can hold conversations in the form of posted messages. They differ from...

This page uses notation for orthographic or other linguistic analysis. For the meaning of how ⟨ ⟩, | |, / /, and [ ] are used here, see this page. The...

x86-64 (also known as x64, x86_64, AMD64, and Intel 64) is a 64-bit version of the x86 instruction set, first announced in 1999. It introduced two new...

A computing platform, digital platform, or software platform is the infrastructure on which software is executed. While the individual components of a...

A graphical user interface, or GUI (/ˈɡuːi/ GOO-ee), is a form of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical...

x86 (also known as 80x86 or the 8086 family) is a family of complex instruction set computer (CISC) instruction set architectures initially developed by...

PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express), officially abbreviated as PCIe or PCI-e, is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard...

In computing, a compiler is a computer program that translates computer code written in one programming language (the source language) into another language...

A hash function is any function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to fixed-size values, though there are some hash functions that support...

Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is the field of cryptographic systems that use pairs of related keys. Each key pair consists of a...

Secure Digital, officially abbreviated as SD, is a proprietary, non-volatile, flash memory card format the SD Association (SDA) developed for use in portable...

The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard communication protocol used for the transfer of computer files from a server to a client on a computer network...

Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads between peers. Peers are equally...

Raspberry Pi (/paɪ/) is a series of small single-board computers (SBCs) developed in the United Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation in association with...

A microprocessor is a computer processor for which the data processing logic and control is included on a single integrated circuit (IC), or a small number...

A system on a chip or system-on-chip (SoC /ˌˈɛsoʊsiː/; pl. SoCs /ˌˈɛsoʊsiːz/) is an integrated circuit that integrates most or all components of a computer...

This generational list of Intel processors attempts to present all of Intel's processors from the 4-bit 4004 (1971) to the present high-end offerings....

A web application (or web app) is application software that is accessed using a web browser. Web applications are delivered on the World Wide Web to users...

A command-line interface (CLI) is a means of interacting with a computer program by inputting lines of text called command-lines. Command-line interfaces...

The Commodore 64, also known as the C64, is an 8-bit home computer introduced in January 1982 by Commodore International (first shown at the Consumer Electronics...

A web server is computer software and underlying hardware that accepts requests via HTTP (the network protocol created to distribute web content) or its...

MP3 (formally MPEG-1 Audio Layer III or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III) is a coding format for digital audio developed largely by the Fraunhofer Society in Germany...

This is a list of TCP and UDP port numbers used by protocols for operation of network applications. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User...

An electronic calculator is typically a portable electronic device used to perform calculations, ranging from basic arithmetic to complex mathematics....

In computing, endianness is the order in which bytes within a word of digital data are transmitted over a data communication medium or addressed (by rising...

A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X or *nix) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily...

Instant messaging (IM) technology is a type of synchronous computer-mediated communication involving the immediate (real-time) transmission of messages...

A cryptographic hash function (CHF) is a hash algorithm (a map of an arbitrary binary string to a binary string with a fixed size of n {\displaystyle n}...

A pseudonym (/ˈsjuːdənɪm/; from Ancient Greek ψευδώνυμος (pseudṓnumos) 'lit. falsely named') or alias (/ˈeɪli.əs/) is a fictitious name that a person assumes...

The X Window System (X11, or simply X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on Unix-like operating systems. X originated as part of Project...

An Internet bot, web robot, robot or simply bot (an abbreviation of robot), is a software application that runs automated tasks (scripts) on the Internet...

QWERTY (/ˈkwɜːrti/ KWUR-tee) is a keyboard layout for Latin-script alphabets. The name comes from the order of the first six keys on the top letter row...

Spyware (a portmanteau for spying software) is any software with malicious behavior that aims to gather information about a person or organization and...

End-to-end encryption (E2EE) is a private communication system in which only communicating users can participate. As such, no one else, including the communication...

DMOZ (stylized dmoz in its logo; from directory.mozilla.org, an earlier domain name) was a multilingual open-content directory of World Wide Web links...

A motherboard (also called mainboard, main circuit board, MB, base board, system board, or, in Apple computers, logic board) is the main printed circuit...

In information theory, data compression, source coding, or bit-rate reduction is the process of encoding information using fewer bits than the original...

In the Internet, a domain name is a string that identifies a realm of administrative autonomy, authority or control. Domain names are often used to identify...

The Apple Network Server (ANS) was a line of PowerPC-based server computers designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. from February 1996...

Windows 95 is a consumer-oriented operating system developed by Microsoft as part of its Windows 9x family of operating systems. The first operating system...

The display resolution or display modes of a digital television, computer monitor, or other display device is the number of distinct pixels in each dimension...

A laptop computer or notebook computer, also known as a laptop or notebook, is a small, portable personal computer (PC). Laptops typically have a clamshell...

In computer graphics and digital photography, a raster graphic represents a two-dimensional picture as a rectangular matrix or grid of pixels, viewable...

Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash and FutureSplash) is a discontinued multimedia software platform used for production of animations, rich internet...

Cut, copy, and paste are essential commands of modern human–computer interaction and user interface design. They offer an interprocess communication technique...

ANSI escape sequences are a standard for in-band signaling to control cursor location, color, font styling, and other options on video text terminals and...

A relational database (RDB) is a database based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970. A database management system used to...

Tag Image File Format or Tagged Image File Format, commonly known by the abbreviations TIFF or TIF, is an image file format for storing raster graphics...

In mass communication, digital media is any communication media that operates in conjunction with various encoded machine-readable data formats. Digital...

Big data primarily refers to data sets that are too large or complex to be dealt with by traditional data-processing application software. Data with many...

Google Analytics is a web analytics service offered by Google that tracks and reports website traffic and also mobile app traffic & events, currently as...

A digital signature is a mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital messages or documents. A valid digital signature on a message gives...

CiteSeerX (formerly called CiteSeer) is a public search engine and digital library for scientific and academic papers, primarily in the fields of computer...

A mobile device or handheld computer is a computer small enough to hold and operate in hand. Mobile devices are typically battery-powered and possess a...

RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) is a public-key cryptosystem, one of the oldest widely used for secure data transmission. The initialism "RSA" comes from the...

Multi-factor authentication (MFA; two-factor authentication, or 2FA, along with similar terms) is an electronic authentication method in which a user is...

Waveform Audio File Format (WAVE, or WAV due to its filename extension; pronounced /wæv/ or /weɪv/ ) is an audio file format standard for storing an audio...

Digital rights management (DRM) is the management of legal access to digital content. Various tools or technological protection measures (TPM), such as...

In computing, a virtual machine (VM) is the virtualization or emulation of a computer system. Virtual machines are based on computer architectures and...

In computing, a cache (/kæʃ/ KASH) is a hardware or software component that stores data so that future requests for that data can be served faster; the...

In computer science and computer engineering, computer architecture is a description of the structure of a computer system made from component parts. It...

The at sign, @, is an accounting and invoice abbreviation meaning "at a rate of" (e.g. 7 widgets @ £2 per widget = £14), now seen more widely in email...

Microsoft DirectX is a collection of application programming interfaces (APIs) for handling tasks related to multimedia, especially game programming and...

The client–server model is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called...

A graphics card (also called a video card, display card, graphics accelerator, graphics adapter, VGA card/VGA, video adapter, display adapter, or colloquially...

In electronics and computer science, a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) is a computer architecture designed to simplify the individual instructions...

Information theory is the mathematical study of the quantification, storage, and communication of information. The field was established and put on a firm...

Cryptanalysis (from the Greek kryptós, "hidden", and analýein, "to analyze") refers to the process of analyzing information systems in order to understand...