List of major and official Austronesian languages: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Overview of major Austronesian languages}} |
{{Short description|Overview of major Austronesian languages}} |
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{{more citations needed|date=February 2024}} |
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[[File:Human Language Families (wikicolors).png|thumb|right|300px|Map showing the distribution of language families; the pink color shows where Austronesian languages are spoken.]] |
[[File:Human Language Families (wikicolors).png|thumb|right|300px|Map showing the distribution of language families; the pink color shows where Austronesian languages are spoken.]] |
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| [[Gilbertese language|Gilbertese]] || 120,000 || Taetae ni Kiribati || {{flag|Kiribati}} |
| [[Gilbertese language|Gilbertese]] || 120,000 || Taetae ni Kiribati || {{flag|Kiribati}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
| [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]] || 24,000 || ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi || {{flag|Hawaii}} |
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| [[Hiri Motu]] || 120,000 (L2) || Hiri Motu || {{flag|Papua New Guinea}} |
| [[Hiri Motu]] || 120,000 (L2) || Hiri Motu || {{flag|Papua New Guinea}} |
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| [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] || 300,000,000 || Bahasa Indonesia || {{flag|Indonesia}} |
| [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] || 300,000,000 || Bahasa Indonesia || {{flag|Indonesia}} |
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| [[Malay language|Malay]] || 35,000,000 || Bahasa Melayu/بهاس ملايو || {{flag|Brunei}}<br />{{flag|Malaysia}}<br />{{flag|Singapore}} |
| [[Malay language|Malay]] || 35,000,000 || Bahasa Melayu/بهاس ملايو || {{flag|Brunei}}<br />{{flag|Indonesia}}{{efn|apart from the national standard Indonesian language, Malay has the status of a regional language in the regions of Sumatra and Kalimantan}}<br />{{flag|Malaysia}}{{efn|In Malaysia, the Malaysian version of Malay is the language spoken in Malaysia as ''Bahasa Malaysia'' (Malaysian language)}}<br />{{flag|Singapore}} |
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| [[Malagasy language|Malagasy]] || 18,000,000 || Fiteny Malagasy || {{flag|Madagascar}} |
| [[Malagasy language|Malagasy]] || 18,000,000 || Fiteny Malagasy || {{flag|Madagascar}} |
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| [[Samoan language|Samoan]] || 510,000 || Gagana Sāmoa || {{flag|Samoa}} |
| [[Samoan language|Samoan]] || 510,000 || Gagana Sāmoa || {{flag|Samoa}} |
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| [[Tetum language|Tetum]] || 800,000 || Lia-Tetun || {{flag|East Timor}} |
| [[Tetum language|Tetum]] || 800,000 || Lia-Tetun || {{flag|East Timor}}<br />{{flag|Indonesia}}{{efn|apart from the national standard Indonesian language, Tetum has the status of a regional language in Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara}} |
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| [[Tongan language|Tongan]] || 108,000 || Lea Faka-Tonga || {{flag|Tonga}} |
| [[Tongan language|Tongan]] || 108,000 || Lea Faka-Tonga || {{flag|Tonga}} |
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| [[Tuvaluan language|Tuvaluan]] || 13,000 || Te Ggana/Gagana Tuuvalu || {{flag|Tuvalu}} |
| [[Tuvaluan language|Tuvaluan]] || 13,000 || Te Ggana/Gagana Tuuvalu || {{flag|Tuvalu}} |
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{{notelist}} |
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===Territories=== |
===Territories=== |
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| [[Carolinian language|Carolinian]] || 5,700 || Refaluwasch || {{flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} || {{flag|United States}} |
| [[Carolinian language|Carolinian]] || 5,700 || Refaluwasch || {{flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} || {{flag|United States}} |
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| [[Chamorro language|Chamorro]] || 95,000 || Fino' |
| [[Chamorro language|Chamorro]] || 95,000 || Fino' CHamoru || {{flag|Guam}} <br> {{flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} || {{flag|United States}} |
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| [[Cook Islands Māori language|Cook Islands Māori]] || 14,000 || Māori Kūki 'Āirani <br> Te Reo Ipukarea|| {{flag|Cook Islands}} || {{flag|New Zealand}} |
| [[Cook Islands Māori language|Cook Islands Māori]] || 14,000 || Māori Kūki 'Āirani <br> Te Reo Ipukarea|| {{flag|Cook Islands}} || {{flag|New Zealand}} |
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| [[ |
| [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]] || 24,000 || ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi || {{flag|Hawaii}} || {{flag|United States}} |
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| [[Javanese language|Javanese]] || 100,000,000 approx.(~3,000,000 in the [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]) || Basa Jawa || {{flag|Special Region of Yogyakarta|name=Yogyakarta}}<br />{{flag|Central Java|name=Central Java}}<br />{{flag|East Java|name=East Java}} || {{flag|Indonesia}}<br />{{flag|Suriname}}{{efn|Javanese is also spoken by traditional immigrant communities of Javanese descent}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://seasia.co/2017/12/08/121-years-of-javanese-people-in-new-caledonia |title=121 Years of Javanese People in New Caledonia |last=Akhyari Hananto |date=December 8, 2017 |website=Seasia: Good News from Southeast Asia}}</ref><br />{{flag|Sri Lanka}}{{efn|Javanese is also spoken by traditional immigrant communities of Javanese descent}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://seasia.co/2017/12/08/121-years-of-javanese-people-in-new-caledonia |title=121 Years of Javanese People in New Caledonia |last=Akhyari Hananto |date=December 8, 2017 |website=Seasia: Good News from Southeast Asia}}</ref><br />{{flag|New Caledonia}}{{efn|Javanese is also spoken by traditional immigrant communities of Javanese descent}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://seasia.co/2017/12/08/121-years-of-javanese-people-in-new-caledonia |title=121 Years of Javanese People in New Caledonia |last=Akhyari Hananto |date=December 8, 2017 |website=Seasia: Good News from Southeast Asia}}</ref> |
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| [[New Caledonian languages|Kanak]] || || || {{flag|New Caledonia|local}} || {{flag|France}} |
| [[New Caledonian languages|Kanak]] || || || {{flag|New Caledonia|local}} || {{flag|France}} |
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| [[Tokelauan language|Tokelauan]] || 3,500 || Gagana Tokelau || {{flag|Tokelau}} || {{flag|New Zealand}} |
| [[Tokelauan language|Tokelauan]] || 3,500 || Gagana Tokelau || {{flag|Tokelau}} || {{flag|New Zealand}} |
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{{notelist}} |
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==Major languages== |
==Major languages== |
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* [[Alas language|Batak Alas language]] (200,000 native, [[Indonesia]]) |
* [[Alas language|Batak Alas language]] (200,000 native, [[Indonesia]]) |
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* [[Itbayat language]] (3,500 native, [[Philippines]]) |
* [[Itbayat language]] (3,500 native, [[Philippines]]) |
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* [[Niihau dialect]] (500 native, [[Hawaii]], [[United States]]) |
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=== Creoles and pidgins based on Austronesian languages === |
=== Creoles and pidgins based on Austronesian languages === |
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* [[Ambonese Malay]] (250,000 native, [[Indonesia]]) |
* [[Ambonese Malay]] (250,000 native, [[Indonesia]]) |
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* [[Sri Lanka Malay language|Sri Lanka Malay]] (50,000, [[Sri Lanka]]) |
* [[Sri Lanka Malay language|Sri Lanka Malay]] (50,000, [[Sri Lanka]]) |
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* [[Lun Bawang language|Lundayeh/Lun Bawang]] ( |
* [[Lun Bawang language|Lundayeh/Lun Bawang]] (55,000, [[East Malaysia]] [[Brunei]] and [[Indonesia]]) |
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* [[Kelabit language]] (5,000, [[East Malaysia]] and [[Indonesia]]) |
* [[Kelabit language]] (5,000, [[East Malaysia]] and [[Indonesia]]) |
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* [[Cocos Malay]] (4,000, [[Australia]] and [[Malaysia]]) |
* [[Cocos Malay]] (4,000, [[Australia]] and [[Malaysia]]) |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:List of Major and Official Austronesian Languages}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:List of Major and Official Austronesian Languages}} |
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[[Category:Austronesian languages|*]] |
[[Category:Austronesian languages|*]] |
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[[Category:Lists of languages|Austronesian]] |
[[Category:Lists of languages|Austronesian]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:37, 6 May 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2024) |
This is a list of major and official Austronesian languages, a language family originating from Taiwan, that is widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia and Madagascar.
Official languages
[edit]Sovereign states
[edit]| Language | Speakers | Native name | Official status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fijian | 639,210 | Na Vosa Vakaviti |  Fiji
|
| Filipino | 100,000,000 (L1 & L2) 20,000,000 (L1) 80,000,000 (L2) |
Wikang Filipino |  Philippines
|
| Gilbertese | 120,000 | Taetae ni Kiribati |  Kiribati
|
| Hiri Motu | 120,000 (L2) | Hiri Motu |  Papua New Guinea
|
| Indonesian | 300,000,000 | Bahasa Indonesia |  Indonesia
|
| Malay | 35,000,000 | Bahasa Melayu/بهاس ملايو |  Brunei Indonesia[a] Malaysia[b] Singapore
|
| Malagasy | 18,000,000 | Fiteny Malagasy |  Madagascar
|
| Māori | 150,000 | Te Reo Māori |  New Zealand
|
| Marshallese | 55,000 | Kajin M̧ajeļ |  Marshall Islands
|
| Nauruan | 6,000 | Dorerin Naoero |  Nauru
|
| Palauan | 15,000 | Tekoi er a Belau |  Palau
|
| Samoan | 510,000 | Gagana Sāmoa |  Samoa
|
| Tetum | 800,000 | Lia-Tetun |  East Timor Indonesia[c]
|
| Tongan | 108,000 | Lea Faka-Tonga |  Tonga
|
| Tuvaluan | 13,000 | Te Ggana/Gagana Tuuvalu |  Tuvalu
|
- ^ apart from the national standard Indonesian language, Malay has the status of a regional language in the regions of Sumatra and Kalimantan
- ^ In Malaysia, the Malaysian version of Malay is the language spoken in Malaysia as Bahasa Malaysia (Malaysian language)
- ^ apart from the national standard Indonesian language, Tetum has the status of a regional language in Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara
Territories
[edit]| Language | Speakers | Native name | Official status | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carolinian | 5,700 | Refaluwasch |  Northern Mariana Islands |
 United States
|
| Chamorro | 95,000 | Fino' CHamoru |  Guam Northern Mariana Islands |
United States
|
| Cook Islands Māori | 14,000 | Māori Kūki 'Āirani Te Reo Ipukarea |
 Cook Islands |
New Zealand
|
| Hawaiian | 24,000 | ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi |  Hawaii |
United States
|
| Javanese | 100,000,000 approx.(~3,000,000 in the Special Region of Yogyakarta) | Basa Jawa |  Yogyakarta Central Java East Java |
Indonesia Suriname[a][1] Sri Lanka[b][2] New Caledonia[c][3]
|
| Kanak |  New Caledonia |
 France
| ||
| Niuean | 8,000 | Ko e Vagahau Niuē |  Niue |
New Zealand
|
| Rapa Nui | 5,000 | Vananga Rapa Nui |  Easter Island |
 Chile
|
| Samoan | 55,000 | Gagana Sāmoa |  American Samoa |
United States
|
| Sonsorolese | 600 | Ramari Dongosaro |  Sonsorol |
Palau
|
| Tahitian | 120,000 | Reo Mā'ohi/Tahiti |  French Polynesia |
France
|
| Tobian | 100 | Ramarih Hatohobei |  Hatohobei |
Palau
|
| Tokelauan | 3,500 | Gagana Tokelau |  Tokelau |
New Zealand
|
Major languages
[edit]Languages with at least 3 million native speakers
[edit]- Javanese (100 million)
- Tagalog (Filipino) (47 million native, ~100 million total)
- Indonesian (42 million native, ~270 million total)
- Sundanese (42 million)
- Malay (30 million)
- Cebuano (22 million native, ~30 million total)
- Malagasy (17 million)
- Madurese (14 million)
- Batak (8.5 million, all dialects)
- Ilokano (8 million native, ~10 million total)
- Hiligaynon (Ilonggo) (7 million native, ~11 million total)
- Minangkabau (7 million)
- Bugis (5 million)
- Bikol (4.6 million, all dialects)
- Banjar (4.5 million)
- Acehnese (3.5 million)
- Balinese (3 million)
Dialects and creoles
[edit]Dialects of major Austronesian languages
[edit]- Banyumas Javanese (15,000,000 native, Indonesia)
- Kedah Malay (5,000,000 native, Malaysia)
- Banten Sundanese (3,350,000 native, Indonesia)
- Palembang Malay (3,100,000 native, Indonesia)
- Central Bikol language (2,500,000 native, Philippines)
- Batak Toba language (2,000,000 native, Indonesia)
- Albay Bikol language (1,900,000 native, Philippines)
- Kelantan Malay (1,600,000 native, Malaysia)
- Pattani Malay (1,500,000 native, Thailand)
- Perak Malay (1,400,000 native, Malaysia)
- Batak Pakpak language (1,200,000 native, Indonesia)
- Batak Simalungun language (1,200,000 native, Indonesia)
- Batak Mandailing language (1,100,000 native, Indonesia)
- Terengganu Malay (1,100,000 native, Malaysia)
- Pahang Malay (1,000,000 native, Malaysia)
- Batak Angkola language (750,000 native, Indonesia)
- Jambi Malay (700,000 native, Indonesia)
- Batak Karo language (600,000 native, Indonesia)
- Osing Javanese (300,000 native, Indonesia)
- Batak Alas language (200,000 native, Indonesia)
- Itbayat language (3,500 native, Philippines)
- Niihau dialect (500 native, Hawaii, United States)
Creoles and pidgins based on Austronesian languages
[edit]- Betawi language (3,000,000 native, Indonesia)
- Sabah Malay (3,000,000, Malaysia)
- Manado Malay (850,000, Indonesia)
- North Moluccan Malay (700,000, Indonesia)
- Baba Malay (500,000, Indonesia and Malaysia)
- Papuan Malay (500,000, Indonesia)
- Ambonese Malay (250,000 native, Indonesia)
- Sri Lanka Malay (50,000, Sri Lanka)
- Lundayeh/Lun Bawang (55,000, East Malaysia Brunei and Indonesia)
- Kelabit language (5,000, East Malaysia and Indonesia)
- Cocos Malay (4,000, Australia and Malaysia)
- Chetty Malay (300?, Malaysia)
- Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin (40?, Australia)
- Bahasa Rojak (?, Malaysia)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Akhyari Hananto (December 8, 2017). "121 Years of Javanese People in New Caledonia". Seasia: Good News from Southeast Asia.
- ^ Akhyari Hananto (December 8, 2017). "121 Years of Javanese People in New Caledonia". Seasia: Good News from Southeast Asia.
- ^ Akhyari Hananto (December 8, 2017). "121 Years of Javanese People in New Caledonia". Seasia: Good News from Southeast Asia.