History of slavery in the Muslim world: Difference between revisions
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“Suria,” which is commonly translated as [[Concubinage in Islam|concubine]], referred to female slaves who had sexual relations with their masters but were not married to them. The accuracy of this translation has been criticized: "this act placed the woman who gave birth to a child from her 'master' into the legal category of suria, which was a type of marriage and not the European 'concubinage.'"<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khalid |first=Abdallah |title=The liberation of Swahili from European appropriation |publisher=Nairobi : East African Literature Bureau |year=1977 |location=Nairobi |language=English}}</ref> She became free at his death and the master was unable to sell her, which also meant he could not divorce her as his suria. This clear critique of "European" pertaining to a facet of [[Swahili coast|Swahili]] culture suggests that usuria, a phenomenon governed by Islamic law, was quite legitimate and performed as such on the coast of [[East Africa]]. However, usuria was not treated similarly in all Islamic legal systems.<ref name=":0" /> |
“Suria,” which is commonly translated as [[Concubinage in Islam|concubine]], referred to female slaves who had sexual relations with their masters but were not married to them. The accuracy of this translation has been criticized: "this act placed the woman who gave birth to a child from her 'master' into the legal category of suria, which was a type of marriage and not the European 'concubinage.'"<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khalid |first=Abdallah |title=The liberation of Swahili from European appropriation |publisher=Nairobi : East African Literature Bureau |year=1977 |location=Nairobi |language=English}}</ref> She became free at his death and the master was unable to sell her, which also meant he could not divorce her as his suria. This clear critique of "European" pertaining to a facet of [[Swahili coast|Swahili]] culture suggests that usuria, a phenomenon governed by Islamic law, was quite legitimate and performed as such on the coast of [[East Africa]]. However, usuria was not treated similarly in all Islamic legal systems.<ref name=":0" /> |
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According to [[Jonathan A.C. Brown]] and [[Kecia Ali]], historically, the consent of a slave for sex was irrelevant.<ref name="Brown">{{cite book | last=Brown | first=J.A.C. | title=Slavery and Islam | publisher=Oneworld Publications | year=2020 | isbn=978-1-78607-636-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z6jRDwAAQBAJ | access-date=2024-04-08 | page=281-282}}</ref><ref name="Ali 2015 b047">{{cite web | last=Ali | first=Kecia | title=The Truth About Islam and Sex Slavery History Is More Complicated Than You Think | website=HuffPost | date=2015-08-19 | url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/islam-sex-slavery_b_8004824 | access-date=2024-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Slavery and Sexual Ethics in Islam | website=Brandeis University | url=https://www.brandeis.edu/projects/fse/conferences/beyond-slavery/videos/kecia-ali.html | access-date=2024-04-08 |
According to [[Jonathan A.C. Brown]] and [[Kecia Ali]], historically, the consent of a slave for sex was irrelevant.<ref name="Brown">{{cite book | last=Brown | first=J.A.C. | title=Slavery and Islam | publisher=Oneworld Publications | year=2020 | isbn=978-1-78607-636-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z6jRDwAAQBAJ | access-date=2024-04-08 | page=281-282}}</ref><ref name="Ali 2015 b047">{{cite web | last=Ali | first=Kecia | title=The Truth About Islam and Sex Slavery History Is More Complicated Than You Think | website=HuffPost | date=2015-08-19 | url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/islam-sex-slavery_b_8004824 | access-date=2024-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Slavery and Sexual Ethics in Islam | website=Brandeis University | url=https://www.brandeis.edu/projects/fse/conferences/beyond-slavery/videos/kecia-ali.html | access-date=2024-04-08}}</ref> |
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=== Ibn Battuta's Accounts === |
=== Ibn Battuta's Accounts === |
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