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'''Henry John Patch''' (17 June 1898 – 25 July 2009), dubbed in his later years "the Last Fighting [[Tommy Atkins|Tommy]]", was an English [[supercentenarian]], briefly the oldest man in Europe, and the last surviving trench combat soldier of the [[First World War]] from any country.<ref name="BBCDeath">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8168691.stm|title=WWI veteran Patch dies aged 111|date= 25 July 2009|publisher=BBC News|access-date=5 January 2010}}</ref> Patch was not the longest-surviving soldier of the First World War, but he was the fifth-longest-surviving veteran of any sort from the First World War, behind British veterans [[Claude Choules]] and [[Florence Green]], [[Frank Buckles]] of the United States and [[John Babcock]] of Canada.<ref>{{cite web|title=Last Living Veterans|url=http://firstworldwar.cloudworth.com/still-living-veterans-of-world-war-one.php|publisher=First World War in the News|access-date=9 July 2014|archive-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714231626/http://firstworldwar.cloudworth.com/still-living-veterans-of-world-war-one.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> At the time of his death, aged 111 years and 38 days, Patch was the third-oldest man in the world, behind [[Walter Breuning]] and [[Jiroemon Kimura]].
'''Henry John Patch''' (17 June 1898 – 25 July 2009), dubbed in his later years "the Last Fighting [[Tommy Atkins|Tommy]]", was an English [[supercentenarian]], briefly the oldest man in Europe, and the last surviving trench combat soldier of the [[First World War]] from any country.<ref name="BBCDeath">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8168691.stm|title=WWI veteran Patch dies aged 111|date= 25 July 2009|publisher=BBC News|access-date=5 January 2010}}</ref> Patch was not the longest-surviving soldier of the First World War, but he was the fifth-longest-surviving veteran of any sort from the First World War, behind British veterans [[Claude Choules]] and [[Florence Green]], [[Frank Buckles]] of the United States and [[John Babcock]] of Canada.<ref>{{cite web|title=Last Living Veterans|url=http://firstworldwar.cloudworth.com/still-living-veterans-of-world-war-one.php|publisher=First World War in the News|access-date=9 July 2014}}</ref> At the time of his death, aged 111 years and 38 days, Patch was the third-oldest man in the world, behind [[Walter Breuning]] and [[Jiroemon Kimura]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
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Also in September 2008, Patch visited the nearby [[Langemark German war cemetery]] and laid a memorial wreath on the grave of an [[Imperial German Army]] soldier who was [[killed in action]] on 16 August 1917; the day that Private Patch's Division had attacked and taken the village of [[Langemark-Poelkapelle|Langemarck]] during the [[Battle of Passchendaele]]. Noticing three [[acorn]]s nestled beside the German soldier's gravestone, Patch picked them up, brought them back to England, and planted the acorns beside the Fletcher House nursing home, where he was living in [[Wells, Somerset]].<ref> Harry Patch and [[Richard van Emden]] (2009), ''The Last Fighting Tommy: The Life of Harry Patch, Last Veteran of the Trenches, 1898-2009'', Bloomsbury. Pages ''xvi'' - ''xvii''.</ref>
Also in September 2008, Patch visited the nearby [[Langemark German war cemetery]] and laid a memorial wreath on the grave of an [[Imperial German Army]] soldier who was [[killed in action]] on 16 August 1917; the day that Private Patch's Division had attacked and taken the village of [[Langemark-Poelkapelle|Langemarck]] during the [[Battle of Passchendaele]]. Noticing three [[acorn]]s nestled beside the German soldier's gravestone, Patch picked them up, brought them back to England, and planted the acorns beside the Fletcher House nursing home, where he was living in [[Wells, Somerset]].<ref> Harry Patch and [[Richard van Emden]] (2009), ''The Last Fighting Tommy: The Life of Harry Patch, Last Veteran of the Trenches, 1898-2009'', Bloomsbury. Pages ''xvi'' - ''xvii''.</ref>


In October 2008, Patch launched the 2008 Royal British Legion Poppy Appeal in Somerset.<ref>{{cite news|title=WWI veteran launches Poppy Appeal|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/somerset/7697215.stm|publisher=BBC News | date=29 October 2008 |access-date=29 October 2008}}</ref> On 11 November 2008, marking the 90th anniversary of the end of World War I, together with fellow veterans [[Henry Allingham]] and [[Bill Stone (Royal Navy sailor)|Bill Stone]], Patch laid a commemorative wreath for the Act of Remembrance at [[The Cenotaph]] in London, escorted by [[Victoria Cross]] recipient [[Johnson Beharry]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/nov/12/first-world-war-military|title=Last survivors of first world war salute the fallen|first=Maev|last=Kennedy|work=The Guardian |location=London |date=12 November 2008|access-date=12 November 2008 }}</ref> On 9 November 2008, the [[Master of the Queen's Music]], Sir [[Peter Maxwell Davies]], attended the world premiere of his choral work paying tribute to Patch. The piece sets words by the [[Poet Laureate]], Andrew Motion, and was performed at [[Portsmouth Cathedral]] by the [[London Mozart Players]], the [[Portsmouth Grammar School]] chamber choir and the cathedral's choristers. The creation of the work was featured in ''A poem for Harry'', a [[BBC West]] documentary that was subsequently repeated on [[BBC Four]]. The programme won a gold medal at the New York Festivals International Television Programming and Promotion Awards.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.newyorkfestivals.com/res/pdf/2009TVWINNERS.pdf| publisher= New York Festivals| title= 2009 Television Programming and Promotion awards winners credits| access-date= 22 July 2009| archive-date= 11 October 2017| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171011092732/http://www.newyorkfestivals.com/res/pdf/2009TVWINNERS.pdf| url-status= dead}}</ref>
In October 2008, Patch launched the 2008 Royal British Legion Poppy Appeal in Somerset.<ref>{{cite news|title=WWI veteran launches Poppy Appeal|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/somerset/7697215.stm|publisher=BBC News | date=29 October 2008 |access-date=29 October 2008}}</ref> On 11 November 2008, marking the 90th anniversary of the end of World War I, together with fellow veterans [[Henry Allingham]] and [[Bill Stone (Royal Navy sailor)|Bill Stone]], Patch laid a commemorative wreath for the Act of Remembrance at [[The Cenotaph]] in London, escorted by [[Victoria Cross]] recipient [[Johnson Beharry]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/nov/12/first-world-war-military|title=Last survivors of first world war salute the fallen|first=Maev|last=Kennedy|work=The Guardian |location=London |date=12 November 2008|access-date=12 November 2008 }}</ref> On 9 November 2008, the [[Master of the Queen's Music]], Sir [[Peter Maxwell Davies]], attended the world premiere of his choral work paying tribute to Patch. The piece sets words by the [[Poet Laureate]], Andrew Motion, and was performed at [[Portsmouth Cathedral]] by the [[London Mozart Players]], the [[Portsmouth Grammar School]] chamber choir and the cathedral's choristers. The creation of the work was featured in ''A poem for Harry'', a [[BBC West]] documentary that was subsequently repeated on [[BBC Four]]. The programme won a gold medal at the New York Festivals International Television Programming and Promotion Awards.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.newyorkfestivals.com/res/pdf/2009TVWINNERS.pdf| publisher=New York Festivals | title= 2009 Television Programming and Promotion awards winners credits | access-date=22 July 2009}}</ref>


On 18 July 2009, with the death of Henry Allingham, Patch became the oldest surviving veteran and also the oldest man in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite news | url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8157128.stm |publisher=BBC News | date= 18 July 2009 | title= Oldest WWI veteran dies aged 113 | access-date=22 July 2009}}</ref> Patch was the last trench veteran of World War I. The penultimate [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] veteran, the 108-year-old [[Fernand Goux]] of France, who died on 9 November 2008, fought for 8 days. He came out unscathed, unlike Patch and the last [[Alpine Front]] veteran, 110-year-old [[Delfino Borroni]] of Italy, who died on 26 October 2008. Patch was also the last surviving [[Tommy Atkins|Tommy]], since the death on 4 April 2009 of [[Netherwood Hughes]], who was still in training when the war ended. The last-but-one fighting Tommy, [[Harold Lawton]], died on 24 December 2005. [[Claude Choules]], the last remaining First World War naval veteran, died on 5 May 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13289607|title=Last WWI combat veteran Claude Choules dies aged 110|work=BBC News |access-date=5 May 2011|date=5 May 2011}}</ref>
On 18 July 2009, with the death of Henry Allingham, Patch became the oldest surviving veteran and also the oldest man in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite news | url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8157128.stm |publisher=BBC News | date= 18 July 2009 | title= Oldest WWI veteran dies aged 113 | access-date=22 July 2009}}</ref> Patch was the last trench veteran of World War I. The penultimate [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] veteran, the 108-year-old [[Fernand Goux]] of France, who died on 9 November 2008, fought for 8 days. He came out unscathed, unlike Patch and the last [[Alpine Front]] veteran, 110-year-old [[Delfino Borroni]] of Italy, who died on 26 October 2008. Patch was also the last surviving [[Tommy Atkins|Tommy]], since the death on 4 April 2009 of [[Netherwood Hughes]], who was still in training when the war ended. The last-but-one fighting Tommy, [[Harold Lawton]], died on 24 December 2005. [[Claude Choules]], the last remaining First World War naval veteran, died on 5 May 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13289607|title=Last WWI combat veteran Claude Choules dies aged 110|work=BBC News |access-date=5 May 2011|date=5 May 2011}}</ref>
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The BBC commissioned [[Carol Ann Duffy]], the [[Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom|Poet Laureate]], to write a poem to mark the deaths of Patch and Henry Allingham (who died one week before Patch, on 18 July 2009). The result, ''[[Last Post (poem)|Last Post]]'', was read by Duffy on the ''Today'' programme on [[BBC Radio 4]] on 30 July 2009, the day of Allingham's funeral.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_8175000/8175790.stm|title=Poems for the last of WWI|publisher=BBC |date=6 August 2009|access-date=6 August 2009}}</ref>
The BBC commissioned [[Carol Ann Duffy]], the [[Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom|Poet Laureate]], to write a poem to mark the deaths of Patch and Henry Allingham (who died one week before Patch, on 18 July 2009). The result, ''[[Last Post (poem)|Last Post]]'', was read by Duffy on the ''Today'' programme on [[BBC Radio 4]] on 30 July 2009, the day of Allingham's funeral.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_8175000/8175790.stm|title=Poems for the last of WWI|publisher=BBC |date=6 August 2009|access-date=6 August 2009}}</ref>


On 5 August 2009, the band [[Radiohead]] released the song "[[Harry Patch (In Memory Of)]]". Singer [[Thom Yorke]] explained that the song was inspired by a 2005 interview with Patch on the ''Today'' programme on BBC Radio 4. The song was sold from Radiohead's website for £1, with proceeds donated to the [[British Legion]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiohead.com/deadairspace/?a=495|title=Harry Patch (In Memory Of)|publisher=Radiohead.com|access-date=5 August 2009|archive-date=18 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218122528/http://www.radiohead.com/deadairspace/?a=495|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/aug/06/radiohead-song-harry-patch|title=Radiohead's farewell to old first world war soldier in song|last=Harris|first=John|date=6 August 2009|work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=6 August 2009 }}</ref>
On 5 August 2009, the band [[Radiohead]] released the song "[[Harry Patch (In Memory Of)]]". Singer [[Thom Yorke]] explained that the song was inspired by a 2005 interview with Patch on the ''Today'' programme on BBC Radio 4. The song was sold from Radiohead's website for £1, with proceeds donated to the [[British Legion]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiohead.com/deadairspace/?a=495|title=Harry Patch (In Memory Of)|publisher=Radiohead.com|access-date=5 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/aug/06/radiohead-song-harry-patch|title=Radiohead's farewell to old first world war soldier in song|last=Harris|first=John|date=6 August 2009|work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=6 August 2009 }}</ref>
[[File:Harry Patch 43172.JPG|thumb|The commemorative nameplate on GWR HST Power Car no. 43172 stands under grey skies at Newton Abbot.]]
[[File:Harry Patch 43172.JPG|thumb|The commemorative nameplate on GWR HST Power Car no. 43172 stands under grey skies at Newton Abbot.]]
In mid-2009, Harry recorded some spoken word parts for UK heavy metal band [[Imperial Vengeance]], to be included on the title track to the album ''At the Going Down of the Sun''. The song was about the horrors of the trenches and Patch read part of the poem ''[[For the Fallen]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://truecultheavymetal.com/blog6.php/2010/07/07/the-good-the-bad-and-the-crosscore | title=The good, the bad and the crosscore | publisher=True cult heavy metal | access-date=21 November 2010}}</ref>
In mid-2009, Harry recorded some spoken word parts for UK heavy metal band [[Imperial Vengeance]], to be included on the title track to the album ''At the Going Down of the Sun''. The song was about the horrors of the trenches and Patch read part of the poem ''[[For the Fallen]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://truecultheavymetal.com/blog6.php/2010/07/07/the-good-the-bad-and-the-crosscore | title=The good, the bad and the crosscore | publisher=True cult heavy metal | access-date=21 November 2010}}</ref>
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