Chronic neutrophilic leukemia: Difference between revisions
m subheading formats |
m missing citations |
||
| Line 49: | Line 49: | ||
===Immunophenotype=== |
===Immunophenotype=== |
||
No distinct immunophenotype abnormality for CNL has been described. |
No distinct immunophenotype abnormality for CNL has been described.<ref name="who1"/> |
||
===Genetics=== |
===Genetics=== |
||
The majority (90%) of cases have not had detectable [[cytogenetic]] abnormalities. Most importantly, the [[Philadelphia chromosome]] and other [[BCR/ABL]] fusion genes are not detected. |
The majority (90%) of cases have not had detectable [[cytogenetic]] abnormalities. Most importantly, the [[Philadelphia chromosome]] and other [[BCR/ABL]] fusion genes are not detected.<ref name="who1"/> |
||
==Current Articles== |
==Current Articles== |
||
Revision as of 17:50, 23 April 2007
Introduction
Synonyms
None[1]
ICD-O Code
9963/3[1]
Definition
Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a rare myeloproliferative disorder that features a persistent neutrophilia in peripheral blood, myeloid hyperplasia in bone marrow, hepatosplenomegaly, and the absence of the Philadelphia chromosome or a BCR/ABL fusion gene.[1]
Epidemiology
This is a rare disease, with less than 100 cases reported. Of these cases, an equal male:female ratio was observed,[2] with cases typically seen in older adults.[3]
Clinical Features
Etiology
The etiology of CNL is currently unknown. An association between CNL and multiple myeloma has been suggested based on the observation of myeloma in 20% of CNL cases.[4] However, a clonal genetic abnormality has not been detected in these myeloma-associated cases of CNL, raising the possibility that the neutrophilia is a reaction due to the neoplastic myeloma cells.[1] The postulated cell of origin is a limited-potential, marrow-derived stem cell.[5]
Clinical Presentation
The most common clincal finding is hepatosplenomegaly. Pruritus, gout, and mucocutaneous bleeding are occasionally seen.[2][3]
Laboratory Findings
Peripheral blood neutrophilia (> 25 x 109/L) with myeloid precursors (promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes) comprising less than 5% of leukocytes.[2] [3]
Sites of Involvement
Peripheral blood, bone marrow, spleen, and liver are most common, but any organ or tissue can be infiltrated by neutrophils.[2] [3]
Morphology
Bone Marrow Biopsy
On both the bone marrow aspirate and the core biopsy, a hypercellular marrow with an increased myeloid:erythroid ratio of 20:1 or greater. Myelocytes and neutrophils are increased, and blasts and promyelocytes are not increased. Due to the myeloproliferative nature of the disease, an increase in megakaryocytes and erythroid precursors may be observed, but dyspoiesis in not seen in any cell lineage. Also, reticulin fibrosis is rare.[2][3] There is a reported association between CNL and multiple myeloma, so the bone marrow biopsy may show evidence of a plasma cell dyscrasia with increased numbers of atypical plasma cells.[1]
Spleen
Splenic infiltrates are typically found only in the red pulp.[2] [3]
Liver
Hepatic infiltrates can be found in either the sinusoids, portal triad regions, or both.[2] [3]
Molecular Findings
Immunophenotype
No distinct immunophenotype abnormality for CNL has been described.[1]
Genetics
The majority (90%) of cases have not had detectable cytogenetic abnormalities. Most importantly, the Philadelphia chromosome and other BCR/ABL fusion genes are not detected.[1]
Current Articles
References
- ^ a b c d e f g [1] Jaffe E.S., Harris N.L., Stein H., Vardiman J.W. (eds): World Health Organization Classification of Tumors. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Haemopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. IARC Press: Lyon 2001
- ^ a b c d e f g [2] You W, Weisbrot IM. "Chronic neutrophilic leukemia. Report of two cases and review of the literature." Am J Clin Pathol. 1979 Aug;72(2):233-42. PMID: 289288
- ^ a b c d e f g [3] Zittoun R, Rea D, Ngoc LH, Ramond S. "Chronic neutrophilic leukemia. A study of four cases." Ann Hematol. 1994 Feb;68(2):55-60. PMID: 8148416
- ^ [4] Standen GR, Steers FJ, Jones L. "Clonality of chronic neutrophilic leukaemia associated with myeloma: analysis using the X-linked probe M27 beta." J Clin Pathol. 1993 Apr;46(4):297-8. PMID: 8098719
- ^ [5] Yanagisawa K, Ohminami H, Sato M, Takada K, Hasegawa H, Yasukawa M, Fujita S. "Neoplastic involvement of granulocytic lineage, not granulocytic-monocytic, monocytic, or erythrocytic lineage, in a patient with chronic neutrophilic leukemia." Am J Hematol. 1998 Mar;57(3):221-4. PMID: 9495373
{{Diseases of RBCs and megakaryocytes}} may refer to:
- {{Diseases of RBCs}}, a navigational template for diseases of red blood cells
- {{Diseases of megakaryocytes}}, a navigational template for diseases of clotting
If an internal transclusion led you here, you may wish to change it to point directly to the intended page.
{{Template disambiguation}} should never be transcluded in the main namespace.