Castilians: Difference between revisions

Castilians
Regions with significant populations
	Spain; (Castile and Leon, Castile–La Mancha, Community of Madrid)
Languages
	Spanish
Religion
	Predominantly Roman Catholicism
Related ethnic groups
	Other Spaniards; (Leonese, Extremadurans, Andalusians)

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Castilians (Spanish: castellanos) are the inhabitants of the historical region of Castile. However, the region's exact limits are disputed.

Former provinces of Castille

  Provinces that belonged to Castille in different historical periods

  Provinces that were planned to unite in the period prior to the autonomous State

Not all people in the regions of the medieval Kingdom of Castile or Crown of Castile think of themselves as Castilian. For that reason, the exact limits of what is Castilian today are disputed. The western parts of Castile and León (that is, the Region of León) and Cantabria, La Rioja, the Community of Madrid and La Mancha are often also included in the definition, but that is controversial for historical reasons and for the strong sense of unique cultural identity of those regions. The Province of Albacete and Ciudad Real are also often included. As an ethnicity, Castilians are most commonly associated with the sparsely-populated inner plateau of the Iberian peninsula, which is split into two by the Sistema Central mountain range in northern or 'Old Castile' and southern or 'New Castile'.

During the Reconquista and other conquests in the Middle Ages, the Kingdom of Castile (later Crown of Castile) spread over a large part of the Iberian Peninsula, especially towards the southern Spanish regions. Starting from the late 15th century, the Spanish colonization of the Americas led to the spread of Castilians over the New World, and they brought not only their language but also elements of their culture and traditions.

Language

Castilian (castellano), that is, Spanish, is the native language of the Castilians. Its origin is traditionally ascribed to an area south of the Cordillera Cantábrica, including the upper Ebro valley, in northern Spain, around the 8th and 9th centuries; however, the first written standard was developed in the 13th century in the southern city of Toledo. It is descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, with Arabic influences, and perhaps Basque as well. During the Reconquista in the Middle Ages, it was brought to the south of Spain where it replaced the languages that were spoken in the former Moorish controlled zones, such as the local form of related Latin dialects now referred to as Mozarabic, and the Arabic that had been introduced by the Muslims. In this process Castilian absorbed many traits from these languages, some of which continue to be used today. Outside of Spain and a few Latin American countries, Castilian is now usually referred to as Spanish.

The language was brought to the New World by Castilian Conquistadors during the Spanish colonization of the Americas. Due to this gradual process, the Hispanophone world was created. As Castilian was the language of the Crown, it became the official language of all of Spain, used side by side with other languages in their regions for centuries. During the years of the Francoist State (1939 to 1975), there was an attempt to suppress the regional languages in favour of Castilian as the sole official language, causing a backlash against the use of Castilian in some regions after his death.

In Spanish, the word castellano (Castilian) is often used to refer to the Spanish language, alongside español (Spanish). (See Names given to the Spanish language.)

Demographics

Religion

Castilian identity and culture is strongly connected to Roman Catholicism. It is the religion of the overwhelming majority of Castilians as a result of the settlement of Christian populations and forced assimilation of religious minorities (particularly Judaism and Islam) prior and during the Spanish Inquisition. The presence in the region of minority religions such as Protestantism, Orthodox Christianity, Islam or Judaism are the result of recent conversions or immigration.

References

^ "Interactivo: Creencias y prácticas religiosas en España". 2 April 2015. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 25 January 2017.

[1] "Interactivo: Creencias y prácticas religiosas en España". 2 April 2015. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 25 January 2017.

[1]

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 {{More citations needed|date=February 2017}}
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+{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2011}}
 {{Infobox ethnic group
 | group = Castilians
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 |ref7        = the limits of "Castile" are controversial -->
 | languages = [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
-| religions = Predominantly [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]]<ref>[http://www.lavanguardia.com/vangdata/20150402/54429637154/interactivo-creencias-y-practicas-religiosas-en-espana.html Interactivo: Creencias y prácticas religiosas en España]</ref>
+| religions = Predominantly [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lavanguardia.com/vangdata/20150402/54429637154/interactivo-creencias-y-practicas-religiosas-en-espana.html |title=Interactivo: Creencias y prácticas religiosas en España |date=2 April 2015 |access-date=25 January 2017 |archive-date=4 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404024037/http://www.lavanguardia.com/vangdata/20150402/54429637154/interactivo-creencias-y-practicas-religiosas-en-espana.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
 | native_name =
 | native_name_lang =
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 }}
-'''Castilians''' (Spanish: ''castellanos'') are those people who live in certain former areas of the historical [[Kingdom of Castile]] but the exact limits of this region are disputed. A broader definition is to consider as Castilians the population belonging to the Iberian peninsular territories (and [[Canary Islands]]), which were controlled by the [[Crown of Castile]]. This included a large part of the [[Iberian Peninsula]].
+'''Castilians''' ({{lang-es|castellanos}}) are the inhabitants of the historical region of [[Castile (historical region)|Castile]]. However, the region's exact limits are disputed.
-[[File:Kastilien 1833.svg|thumb|Interpretation of the territory of Castile]]
+[[Image:Provincias castellanas.svg|thumb|right| {{legend|#008000|Former provinces of Castille}} {{legend|#c6debc|Provinces that belonged to Castille in different historical periods}} {{legend|#ff7f27|Provinces that were planned to unite in the period prior to the autonomous State}}]]
-However, not all people in the regions of the medieval [[Kingdom of Castile]] or [[Crown of Castile]] think of themselves as Castilian. For this reason, the exact limits of what is [[Castile (historical region)|Castilian]] today are disputed. [[Cantabria]] and [[La Rioja (Spain)|La Rioja]] are often also included in the definition, but this is controversial for historical reasons and the strong sense of unique cultural identity of those regions. The [[province of Albacete]] is also often included but not always, as it was previously has part of the [[Region of Murcia]]. As an ethnicity, Castilians are most commonly associated with the sparsely populated inner [[plateau]] of the Iberian peninsula, which is split in two by the [[Sistema Central]] mountain range in northern or ''[[Old Castile]]'' and southern or ''[[New Castile (Spain)|New Castile]]''.
+Not all people in the regions of the medieval [[Kingdom of Castile]] or [[Crown of Castile]] think of themselves as Castilian. For that reason, the exact limits of what is [[Castile (historical region)|Castilian]] today are disputed. The western parts of [[Castile and León]] (that is, the [[Region of León]]) and [[Cantabria]], [[La Rioja (Spain)|La Rioja]], the [[Community of Madrid]] and [[La Mancha]] are often also included in the definition, but that is controversial for historical reasons and for the strong sense of unique cultural identity of those regions. The [[Province of Albacete]] and [[Ciudad Real]] are also often included. As an ethnicity, Castilians are most commonly associated with the sparsely-populated inner [[plateau]] of the Iberian peninsula, which is split into two by the [[Sistema Central]] mountain range in northern or '[[Old Castile]]' and southern or '[[New Castile (Spain)|New Castile]]'.
-[[Image:Crown of Castile.png|thumb|right|The Crown of Castile c.1480]] Through the [[Reconquista]] and other conquests in the Middle Ages, the Kingdom of Castile (later [[Crown of Castile]]) spread over a large part of the Iberian Peninsula, especially towards the southern [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Spanish regions]]. After this, since the 15th century, through the [[Spanish colonization of the Americas]], the Castilians also spread over the [[New World]], bringing with them not only their language, but also elements of their culture and traditions.
+[[Image:Crown of Castile.png|thumb|right|The Crown of Castile c.1480]] During the [[Reconquista]] and other conquests in the Middle Ages, the Kingdom of Castile (later [[Crown of Castile]]) spread over a large part of the Iberian Peninsula, especially towards the southern [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Spanish regions]]. Starting from the late 15th century, the [[Spanish colonization of the Americas]] led to the spread of Castilians over the [[New World]], and they brought not only their language but also elements of their culture and traditions.
 ==Language ==
-Castilian (''castellano''), that is, [[Spanish language|Spanish]], is the native language of the Castilians. Its origin is traditionally ascribed to an area south of the [[Cantabrian Mountains|Cordillera Cantábrica]], including the upper [[Ebro]] valley, in northern Spain, around the 8th and 9th centuries; however the first written standard was developed in the 13th century in the southern city of [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]]. It is descended from the [[Vulgar Latin]] of the [[Roman Empire]], with [[Arabic language|Arabic]] influences, and perhaps [[Basque language|Basque]] as well. During the [[Reconquista]] in the Middle Ages, it was brought to the south of Spain where it replaced the languages that were spoken in the former [[Al-Andalus|Moorish controlled zones]], such as the local form of related [[Romance languages|Latin]] dialects now referred to as [[Mozarabic]], and the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] that had been introduced by the Muslims. In this process Castilian absorbed many traits from these languages, some of which continue to be used today. Outside of Spain and a few Latin American countries, Castilian is now usually referred to as ''Spanish''.
+Castilian ({{lang|es|castellano}}), that is, [[Spanish language|Spanish]], is the native language of the Castilians. Its origin is traditionally ascribed to an area south of the [[Cantabrian Mountains|Cordillera Cantábrica]], including the upper [[Ebro]] valley, in northern Spain, around the 8th and 9th centuries; however, the first written standard was developed in the 13th century in the southern city of [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]]. It is descended from the [[Vulgar Latin]] of the [[Roman Empire]], with [[Arabic language|Arabic]] influences, and perhaps [[Basque language|Basque]] as well. During the [[Reconquista]] in the Middle Ages, it was brought to the south of Spain where it replaced the languages that were spoken in the former [[Al-Andalus|Moorish controlled zones]], such as the local form of related [[Romance languages|Latin]] dialects now referred to as [[Andalusi Romance|Mozarabic]], and the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] that had been introduced by the Muslims. In this process Castilian absorbed many traits from these languages, some of which continue to be used today. Outside of Spain and a few Latin American countries, Castilian is now usually referred to as ''Spanish''.
-Castilian (or Spanish) is the dominant language in Spain, and therefore was the language that was brought by the [[New World]] [[Conquistador]]es during the [[Spanish colonization of the Americas]]. Due to this gradual process, the [[Hispanophone|Hispanophone world]] was created. As Castilian was the language of the Crown, it became the official language of all Spain, used side by side with other languages in their regions for centuries. During the years of the [[Francoist State]] (1939 to 1975) there was an attempt to suppress the regional languages in favour of Castilian as the sole official language, causing a backlash against the use of Castilian in some regions after his death.
+The language was brought to the [[New World]] by Castilian [[Conquistador]]s during the [[Spanish colonization of the Americas]]. Due to this gradual process, the [[Hispanophone|Hispanophone world]] was created. As Castilian was the language of the Crown, it became the official language of all of Spain, used side by side with other languages in their regions for centuries. During the years of the [[Francoist State]] (1939 to 1975), there was an attempt to suppress the regional languages in favour of Castilian as the sole official language, causing a backlash against the use of Castilian in some regions after his death.
-In Spanish, the word ''castellano'' (Castilian) is often used to refer to the Spanish language, alongside ''español'' (Spanish). See ''[[Names given to the Spanish language]]''.
+In Spanish, the word {{lang|es|castellano}} (Castilian) is often used to refer to the Spanish language, alongside {{lang|es|español}} (Spanish). (See [[Names given to the Spanish language]].)
 ==Demographics==
 ===Religion===
-Castilian identity and culture is strongly connected to [[Roman Catholicism]]. It is the religion of the overwhelming majority of Castilians as a result of the settlement of Christian populations and forced assimilation of religious minorities (particularly Judaism and Islam) prior and during to the [[Spanish Inquistion]]. The presence in the region of minority religions such as Protestantism, Orthodox Christianity, Islam or Judaism are the result of recent conversions or immigration.
+Castilian identity and culture is strongly connected to [[Roman Catholicism]]. It is the religion of the overwhelming majority of Castilians as a result of the settlement of Christian populations and forced assimilation of religious minorities (particularly Judaism and Islam) prior and during the [[Spanish Inquistion|Spanish Inquisition]]. The presence in the region of minority religions such as Protestantism, Orthodox Christianity, Islam or Judaism are the result of recent conversions or immigration.
 ==See also==