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'''Adani Group''' is an Indian [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]], headquartered in [[Ahmedabad]]. It was founded by [[Gautam Adani]], in 1988 as a [[commodity trading]] business, with the flagship company [[Adani Enterprises]]. The Group's diverse businesses include [[port management]], [[electric power]] [[Electricity generation|generation]] and [[Electric power transmission|transmission]], [[renewable energy]], [[mining]], [[Airport#Management|airport operations]], [[natural gas]], [[food processing]] and [[infrastructure]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/after-adag-adani-enters-defence-sector-signs-up-with-israeli-firm/article8414039.ece|title=After ADAG, Adani enters defence sector, signs up with Israeli firm|date=30 March 2016 |access-date=25 June 2018}}</ref>
'''Adani Group''' is an Indian [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]], headquartered in [[Ahmedabad]]. It was founded by [[Gautam Adani]], in 1988 as a [[commodity trading]] business, with the flagship company [[Adani Enterprises]]. The Group's diverse businesses include [[port management]], [[electric power]] [[Electricity generation|generation]] and [[Electric power transmission|transmission]], [[renewable energy]], [[mining]], [[Airport#Management|airport operations]], [[natural gas]], [[food processing]] and [[infrastructure]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/after-adag-adani-enters-defence-sector-signs-up-with-israeli-firm/article8414039.ece|title=After ADAG, Adani enters defence sector, signs up with Israeli firm|date=30 March 2016 |access-date=25 June 2018}}</ref>


In April 2021, Adani Group crossed US$100 billion in [[market capitalization]], and in April 2022 it crossed the US$200 billion mark, in both cases becoming the third Indian conglomerate to do so, after [[Tata Group]] and [[Reliance Industries]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news |title=Adani Group becomes 3rd Indian conglomerate to cross $100 billion in m-cap |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/adani-group-becomes-3rd-indian-conglomerate-to-cross-100-billion-in-m-cap-121040600984_1.html |access-date=11 July 2021 |work=Business Standard India |date=6 April 2021}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Adani Group becomes third Indian conglomerate to cross $200 billion Mcap |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/earnings/adani-group-becomes-third-indian-conglomerate-to-cross-200-billion-mcap-8328061.html |access-date=2022-04-13 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref> In November 2022, it reached US$280 billion (INR 24 trillion) surpassing Tata Group.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/adani-beats-tatas-to-be-most-valued-group/articleshow/94255942.cms|access-date=2022-09-17|title =Adani beats Tatas to be most valued group|website=Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Adani subsequently lost more than US$104 billion of market capitalization after [[Adani Group#2023 fraud allegations|fraud and market manipulation allegations]] by short-seller firm [[Hindenburg Research]]. The Adani Group has also attracted other [[controversies]] due to various reports of irregular practices.<ref name=":3">{{cite news |last1=Findlay |first1=Stephanie |last2=Lockett |first2=Hudson |title=‘Modi’s Rockefeller’: Gautam Adani and the concentration of power in India |url=https://www.ft.com/content/474706d6-1243-4f1e-b365-891d4c5d528b |access-date=24 January 2023 |publisher=Financial Times |date=13 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite news |last1=Madhok |first1=Diksha |title=Gautam Adani was a college dropout. Now he may be too big to fail |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/10/business/gautam-adani-india-risk-takers-22/index.html |access-date=24 January 2023 |publisher=CNN |date=13 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Adani sees controversies as challenges. And there are plenty of them. |url=https://www.vibesofindia.com/adani-sees-controversies-as-challenges-and-there-are-plenty-of-them/ |access-date=24 January 2023 |publisher=Vibes of India |date=25 November 2021}}</ref> More than 60 percent of the Adani Group's revenue is derived from coal-related businesses.<ref name="godda">{{cite news |author1=Gerry Shih |author2=Niha Masih |author3=Anant Gupta |title=An empire built on coal |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/12/09/india-coal-gautam-adani-godda/ |access-date=9 December 2022}}</ref> The company's [[corporate debt]] totals $30 billion in 2022.<ref>https://www.ft.com/content/ba4f4249-c445-4369-a8fb-e7b0b0c13055</ref>
In April 2021, Adani Group crossed US$100 billion in [[market capitalization]], and in April 2022 it crossed the US$200 billion mark, in both cases becoming the third Indian conglomerate to do so, after [[Tata Group]] and [[Reliance Industries]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news |title=Adani Group becomes 3rd Indian conglomerate to cross $100 billion in m-cap |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/adani-group-becomes-3rd-indian-conglomerate-to-cross-100-billion-in-m-cap-121040600984_1.html |access-date=11 July 2021 |work=Business Standard India |date=6 April 2021}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Adani Group becomes third Indian conglomerate to cross $200 billion Mcap |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/earnings/adani-group-becomes-third-indian-conglomerate-to-cross-200-billion-mcap-8328061.html |access-date=2022-04-13 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref> In November 2022, it reached US$280 billion (INR 24 trillion) surpassing Tata Group.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/adani-beats-tatas-to-be-most-valued-group/articleshow/94255942.cms|access-date=2022-09-17|title =Adani beats Tatas to be most valued group|website=Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Adani subsequently lost more than US$104 billion of market capitalization after [[Adani Group#2023 fraud allegations|fraud and market manipulation allegations]] by short-seller firm [[Hindenburg Research]]. The Adani Group has also attracted other [[controversies]] due to various reports of irregular practices.<ref name=":3">{{cite news |last1=Findlay |first1=Stephanie |last2=Lockett |first2=Hudson |title=‘Modi’s Rockefeller’: Gautam Adani and the concentration of power in India |url=https://www.ft.com/content/474706d6-1243-4f1e-b365-891d4c5d528b |access-date=24 January 2023 |publisher=Financial Times |date=13 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite news |last1=Madhok |first1=Diksha |title=Gautam Adani was a college dropout. Now he may be too big to fail |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/10/business/gautam-adani-india-risk-takers-22/index.html |access-date=24 January 2023 |publisher=CNN |date=13 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Adani sees controversies as challenges. And there are plenty of them. |url=https://www.vibesofindia.com/adani-sees-controversies-as-challenges-and-there-are-plenty-of-them/ |access-date=24 January 2023 |publisher=Vibes of India |date=25 November 2021}}</ref> More than 60 percent of the Adani Group's revenue is derived from coal-related businesses.<ref name="godda">{{cite news |author1=Gerry Shih |author2=Niha Masih |author3=Anant Gupta |title=An empire built on coal |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/12/09/india-coal-gautam-adani-godda/ |access-date=9 December 2022}}</ref> The company's [[corporate debt]] totals $30 billion in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/ba4f4249-c445-4369-a8fb-e7b0b0c13055|title=‘Extreme leverage’? Adani’s debt-driven expansion under scrutiny|date=1 February 2023}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
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In 2015, the Adani Group's Adani Renewable Energy Park signed a pact with the [[Government of Rajasthan|Rajasthan Government]] for a 50:50 joint venture to set up India's largest solar park with a capacity of 10,000&nbsp;MW.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-adani-to-set-up-country-s-largest-solar-park-of-10000-mw-in-rajasthan-2095988|title=Adani to set up country's largest solar park of 10,000&nbsp;MW in Rajasthan|date=16 June 2015|access-date=25 June 2018}}</ref> In November 2015, the Adani group began construction at the port in [[Vizhinjam]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marinelink.com/news/vizhinjam-kerala-adani396369|title=Adani in Pact with Kerala for Vizhinjam Port|date=18 August 2015|access-date=25 June 2018}}</ref>
In 2015, the Adani Group's Adani Renewable Energy Park signed a pact with the [[Government of Rajasthan|Rajasthan Government]] for a 50:50 joint venture to set up India's largest solar park with a capacity of 10,000&nbsp;MW.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-adani-to-set-up-country-s-largest-solar-park-of-10000-mw-in-rajasthan-2095988|title=Adani to set up country's largest solar park of 10,000&nbsp;MW in Rajasthan|date=16 June 2015|access-date=25 June 2018}}</ref> In November 2015, the Adani group began construction at the port in [[Vizhinjam]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marinelink.com/news/vizhinjam-kerala-adani396369|title=Adani in Pact with Kerala for Vizhinjam Port|date=18 August 2015|access-date=25 June 2018}}</ref>


Adani Aero Defence signed a pact with [[Elbit]]-ISTAR and Alpha Design Technologies to work in the field of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in India in 2016. In April, Adani Enterprises secured approval from the [[Government of Gujarat]] to begin work on building a solar power equipment plant. In September, [[Adani Green Energy]] ([[Tamil Nadu]]), the renewable wing of the Adani Group, began operations in [[Kamuthi]] in [[Ramanathapuram]], Tamil Nadu with a capacity of 648&nbsp;MW at an estimated cost of {{INRConvert|4550|c|lk=|year=2016}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Adani%E2%80%99s-648-MW-solar-plant-inaugurated/article14993341.ece|title=Adani's 648-MW solar plant inaugurated|first1=D. j Walter|last1=Scott|newspaper=The Hindu|date=22 September 2016|access-date=25 June 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
Adani Aero Defence signed a pact with [[Elbit]]-ISTAR and Alpha Design Technologies to work in the field of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in India in 2016. In April, Adani Enterprises secured approval from the [[Government of Gujarat]] to begin work on building a solar power equipment plant. In September, [[Adani Green Energy]] ([[Tamil Nadu]]), the renewable wing of the Adani Group, began operations in [[Kamuthi]] in [[Ramanathapuram]], Tamil Nadu with a capacity of 648&nbsp;MW at an estimated cost of {{INRConvert|4550|c|lk=|year=2016}}.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Adani%E2%80%99s-648-MW-solar-plant-inaugurated/article14993341.ece|title=Adani's 648-MW solar plant inaugurated|first1=D. j Walter|last1=Scott|newspaper=The Hindu|date=22 September 2016|access-date=25 June 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>


In the same month, the Adani Group inaugurated a 648&nbsp;MW single-location solar power plant. It was the world's largest solar power plant at the time it was set up.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Adani%E2%80%99s-648-MW-solar-plant-inaugurated/article14993341.ece|title=Adani's 648-MW solar plant inaugurated|first1=D. j Walter|last1=Scott|newspaper=The Hindu|date=22 September 2016|access-date=25 June 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> In December, the Adani Group inaugurated a 100&nbsp;MW solar power plant in [[Bhatinda]], the largest in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. The plant was built at a cost of {{INRConvert|640|c|lk=|year=2016}}.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}
In the same month, the Adani Group inaugurated a 648&nbsp;MW single-location solar power plant. It was the world's largest solar power plant at the time it was set up.<ref name="auto1"/> In December, the Adani Group inaugurated a 100&nbsp;MW solar power plant in [[Bhatinda]], the largest in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. The plant was built at a cost of {{INRConvert|640|c|lk=|year=2016}}.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}


On 22 December 2017, the Adani Group acquired the power arm of [[Reliance Infrastructure]] for {{INRconvert|18800|c|year=2017|mode=historical}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/9bKCuIrmHj5gHLINdSO7XO/Reliance-Infra-sells-Mumbai-power-business-to-Adani-Transmis.html|title=Reliance Infrastructure sells Mumbai power business to Adani Transmission for Rs18,800 crore|first=Shakti|last=Patra|date=21 December 2017|access-date=25 June 2018}}</ref>
On 22 December 2017, the Adani Group acquired the power arm of [[Reliance Infrastructure]] for {{INRconvert|18800|c|year=2017|mode=historical}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/9bKCuIrmHj5gHLINdSO7XO/Reliance-Infra-sells-Mumbai-power-business-to-Adani-Transmis.html|title=Reliance Infrastructure sells Mumbai power business to Adani Transmission for Rs18,800 crore|first=Shakti|last=Patra|date=21 December 2017|access-date=25 June 2018}}</ref>
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===Adani Total Gas===
===Adani Total Gas===
Adani Total Gas is a city gas distribution company serving both industrial and residential customers in India through [[piped natural gas]] connections and [[compressed natural gas]] stations. It is a [[joint venture]] between Adani Group and the French oil and gas company [[TotalEnergies]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Adani Gas to change name to Adani Total Gas|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/oil-gas/adani-gas-to-change-name-to-adani-total-gas/articleshow/79425964.cms|access-date=2021-02-06}}</ref> Adani Total Gas has presence in 22 geographical areas (GAs) as a standalone entity as of November 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=Adani Gas gains for fifth straight day after it buys CGD biz in 3 new areas |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/adani-gas-gains-for-fifth-straight-day-after-it-buys-cgd-biz-in-3-new-areas-120110900243_1.html |access-date=6 June 2021 |work=Business Standard India |date=2020-11-09}}</ref>
Adani Total Gas is a city gas distribution company serving both industrial and residential customers in India through [[piped natural gas]] connections and [[compressed natural gas]] stations. It is a [[joint venture]] between Adani Group and the French oil and gas company [[TotalEnergies]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Adani Gas to change name to Adani Total Gas|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/oil-gas/adani-gas-to-change-name-to-adani-total-gas/articleshow/79425964.cms|access-date=2021-02-06}}</ref> Adani Total Gas has presence in 22 geographical areas (GAs) as a standalone entity as of November 2020.<ref name="auto">{{cite news |title=Adani Gas gains for fifth straight day after it buys CGD biz in 3 new areas |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/adani-gas-gains-for-fifth-straight-day-after-it-buys-cgd-biz-in-3-new-areas-120110900243_1.html |access-date=6 June 2021 |work=Business Standard India |date=2020-11-09}}</ref>


Indian Oil-Adani Gas Pvt. Ltd., a 50:50 joint venture between Adani Total Gas and [[Indian Oil Corporation]], operates city gas distribution networks in 19 GAs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Adani Gas gains for fifth straight day after it buys CGD biz in 3 new areas |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/adani-gas-gains-for-fifth-straight-day-after-it-buys-cgd-biz-in-3-new-areas-120110900243_1.html |access-date=6 June 2021 |work=Business Standard India |date=2020-11-09}}</ref> With a combined presence of 41 GAs in 74 [[Districts of India|districts]], Adani Total Gas is the largest city gas operator in India.<ref name=adanigas>{{cite news |title=Adani Gas to acquire three of Jay Madhok Energy's city gas licences |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/adani-gas-to-acquire-three-of-jay-madhok-energy-s-city-gas-licences-120110401231_1.html |access-date=6 June 2021 |work=Business Standard India |date=2020-11-04}}</ref> Recently, The Adani Group announced strategic collaboration with Snam, Europe's leading gas infrastructure company on energy mix transition.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Adani Group announces strategic collaboration with Snam, Europe's leading gas infrastructure company on energy mix transition|url=https://www.adanigas.com/newsroom/media-release/2020_11_06_AGL-Media-Release|access-date=2021-10-20|website=www.adanigas.com|language=en}}</ref>
Indian Oil-Adani Gas Pvt. Ltd., a 50:50 joint venture between Adani Total Gas and [[Indian Oil Corporation]], operates city gas distribution networks in 19 GAs.<ref name="auto"/> With a combined presence of 41 GAs in 74 [[Districts of India|districts]], Adani Total Gas is the largest city gas operator in India.<ref name=adanigas>{{cite news |title=Adani Gas to acquire three of Jay Madhok Energy's city gas licences |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/adani-gas-to-acquire-three-of-jay-madhok-energy-s-city-gas-licences-120110401231_1.html |access-date=6 June 2021 |work=Business Standard India |date=2020-11-04}}</ref> Recently, The Adani Group announced strategic collaboration with Snam, Europe's leading gas infrastructure company on energy mix transition.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Adani Group announces strategic collaboration with Snam, Europe's leading gas infrastructure company on energy mix transition|url=https://www.adanigas.com/newsroom/media-release/2020_11_06_AGL-Media-Release|access-date=2021-10-20|website=www.adanigas.com|language=en}}</ref>


===Adani Wilmar===
===Adani Wilmar===
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The Adani Group has multiple initiatives in sports.
The Adani Group has multiple initiatives in sports.


Launched in 2016 to prepare athletes for [[2016 Summer Olympics|Rio Olympics]], ''Garv Hai ('' {{Translation|We are proud}}) is a nationwide programme to promote sports and support athletes in India. It was re-launched for a second time to groom athletes for [[2020 Summer Olympics|2020 Tokyo Olympics]], [[2022 Asian Games]] and [[Commonwealth Games]]. The programme focuses on archery, shooting, athletics, boxing, and wrestling.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/hot-news/adani-group-announces-training-aid-for-hidden-sports-talents|title=Adani Group announces training aid for hidden sports talents|date=27 June 2019|website=The Quint}}</ref><ref name="sports"/>
Launched in 2016 to prepare athletes for [[2016 Summer Olympics|Rio Olympics]], ''Garv Hai ('' {{Translation|We are proud}}) is a nationwide programme to promote sports and support athletes in India. It was re-launched for a second time to groom athletes for [[2020 Summer Olympics|2020 Tokyo Olympics]], [[2022 Asian Games]] and [[Commonwealth Games]]. The programme focuses on archery, shooting, athletics, boxing, and wrestling.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/hot-news/adani-group-announces-training-aid-for-hidden-sports-talents|title=Adani Group announces training aid for hidden sports talents|date=27 June 2019|website=The Quint}}</ref><ref name="sports"/>


Beneficiaries of the ''Garv Hai'' pilot project in 2016 include [[Ankita Raina]] (tennis), [[Pinki Jangra]] (boxing), [[Shiva Thapa]] (boxing), [[Khushbir Kaur]] (athletics), [[Inderjeet Singh]] (athletics), [[Mandeep Jangra]] (boxing), [[Malaika Goel]] (shooting), [[Deepak Punia (wrestler)|Deepak Punia]] (wrestling), [[K. T. Irfan|KT Irfan]] (racewalking) and [[Sanjivani Jadhav]] (athletics).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/hot-news/adani-group-announces-training-aid-for-hidden-sports-talents|title=Adani Group announces training aid for hidden sports talents|date=27 June 2019|website=The Quint}}</ref><ref name="sports">{{cite news |title=Adani Group launches Garv Hai project to groom potential medallists |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/adani-group-garv-hai-project-sports-grooming-training-india/article28246243.ece |access-date=2 July 2021 |work=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>
Beneficiaries of the ''Garv Hai'' pilot project in 2016 include [[Ankita Raina]] (tennis), [[Pinki Jangra]] (boxing), [[Shiva Thapa]] (boxing), [[Khushbir Kaur]] (athletics), [[Inderjeet Singh]] (athletics), [[Mandeep Jangra]] (boxing), [[Malaika Goel]] (shooting), [[Deepak Punia (wrestler)|Deepak Punia]] (wrestling), [[K. T. Irfan|KT Irfan]] (racewalking) and [[Sanjivani Jadhav]] (athletics).<ref name="auto2"/><ref name="sports">{{cite news |title=Adani Group launches Garv Hai project to groom potential medallists |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/adani-group-garv-hai-project-sports-grooming-training-india/article28246243.ece |access-date=2 July 2021 |work=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>


Adani group owns the [[Gujarat Giants]] team in the [[Pro Kabaddi League]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Gujarat Giants About|url=https://www.gujaratgiants.com/about-gujarat-giants|work=Gujarat Giants |language=en}}</ref>
Adani group owns the [[Gujarat Giants]] team in the [[Pro Kabaddi League]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Gujarat Giants About|url=https://www.gujaratgiants.com/about-gujarat-giants|work=Gujarat Giants |language=en}}</ref>
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Adani Group has [[naming rights]] on Hegvold Stadium (now known as Adani Arena) in [[Rockhampton]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Goodbye Hegvold Stadium, hello Adani Arena |url=https://www.themorningbulletin.com.au/news/goodbye-hegvold-stadium-hello-adani-arena/3712737 |access-date=22 July 2021 |work=The Morning Bulletin}}</ref> and the [[Cricket pavilion|pavilion end]] of the [[Narendra Modi Stadium]] in Ahmedabad.<ref>{{cite news |title=World's Biggest Cricket Arena That Hosted Trump Is Renamed After Modi |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-25/india-cricket-arena-that-hosted-trump-named-after-narendra-modi |access-date=22 July 2021 |work=Bloomberg}}</ref>
Adani Group has [[naming rights]] on Hegvold Stadium (now known as Adani Arena) in [[Rockhampton]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Goodbye Hegvold Stadium, hello Adani Arena |url=https://www.themorningbulletin.com.au/news/goodbye-hegvold-stadium-hello-adani-arena/3712737 |access-date=22 July 2021 |work=The Morning Bulletin}}</ref> and the [[Cricket pavilion|pavilion end]] of the [[Narendra Modi Stadium]] in Ahmedabad.<ref>{{cite news |title=World's Biggest Cricket Arena That Hosted Trump Is Renamed After Modi |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-25/india-cricket-arena-that-hosted-trump-named-after-narendra-modi |access-date=22 July 2021 |work=Bloomberg}}</ref>


In 2022, Adani Group acquired the Gulf Giants team in UAE's [[International League T20]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Adani Group makes landmark foray into franchise cricket acquiring rights to a franchise in UAE's flagship T20 league|url=https://emiratescricket.com/news-detail/OyLkQWjnegZ6dwZ1p0GD|access-date=16 May 2022 |work=Emirates cricket}}</ref>
In 2022, Adani Group acquired the Gulf Giants team in UAE's [[International League T20]].<ref name="auto4">{{cite news|title=Adani Group makes landmark foray into franchise cricket acquiring rights to a franchise in UAE's flagship T20 league|url=https://emiratescricket.com/news-detail/OyLkQWjnegZ6dwZ1p0GD|access-date=16 May 2022 |work=Emirates cricket}}</ref>


Adani Group purchased a franchise in [[Legends League Cricket]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Adani Group acquires franchise in Legends League Cricket|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/adani-gmr-buy-franchises-in-legends-league-cricket-11661413452291.html|access-date=25 Aug 2022 |work=livemint}}</ref>{{When|date=September 2022}} And 2023, they purchased a team in the [[Women's Indian Premier League|Women's Premier League]] based in Ahmedabad.
Adani Group purchased a franchise in [[Legends League Cricket]].<ref name="auto3">{{cite news|title=Adani Group acquires franchise in Legends League Cricket|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/adani-gmr-buy-franchises-in-legends-league-cricket-11661413452291.html|access-date=25 Aug 2022 |work=livemint}}</ref>{{When|date=September 2022}} And 2023, they purchased a team in the [[Women's Indian Premier League|Women's Premier League]] based in Ahmedabad.


'''Teams Owned by Adani Group:'''
'''Teams Owned by Adani Group:'''
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|[[Cricket]]
|[[Cricket]]
|[[International League T20]]
|[[International League T20]]
|<ref name="auto4"/>
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Adani Group makes landmark foray into franchise cricket acquiring rights to a franchise in UAE's flagship T20 league|url=https://emiratescricket.com/news-detail/OyLkQWjnegZ6dwZ1p0GD|access-date=16 May 2022 |work=Emirates cricket}}</ref>
|-
|-
|Gujarat Giants
|Gujarat Giants
|[[Cricket]]
|[[Cricket]]
|[[Legends League Cricket]]
|[[Legends League Cricket]]
|<ref name="auto3"/>
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Adani Group acquires franchise in Legends League Cricket|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/adani-gmr-buy-franchises-in-legends-league-cricket-11661413452291.html|access-date=25 Aug 2022 |work=livemint}}</ref>
|-
|-
|Gujarat Giants
|Gujarat Giants
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In January 2023, [[Hindenburg Research]] published the findings of a two-year investigation alleging that Adani had engaged in market manipulation and accounting malpractices. The report accused Adani of pulling "the largest [[Confidence trick|con]] in corporate history"<ref>{{Cite web |title=India’s Richest Man Accused of Pulling the ‘Largest Con in Corporate History’ |url=https://time.com/6250052/adani-hindenburg-fraud/ |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=Time |language=en}}</ref> and "brazen stock manipulation and accounting fraud scheme over the course of decades".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madhok |first=Diksha |date=2023-01-30 |title=Adani slams US short seller 'attack on India' as stock rout hits $70 billion {{!}} CNN Business |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/30/investing/india-adani-rebuttal-hindenburg-allegations-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Hindenburg also disclosed that it was holding [[Short (finance)|short positions]] on Adani Group companies.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Thomas |first1=Chris |last2=Kalra |first2=Aditya |title=Hindenburg shorts India's Adani citing debt, accounting concerns; shares plunge |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/asia/hindenburg-says-holds-short-positions-indias-adani-flags-risks-2023-01-25/ |access-date=25 January 2023 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=25 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sorkin |first1=Andrew Ross |last2=Mattu |first2=Ravi |last3=Warner |first3=Bernhard |last4=Kessler |first4=Sarah |last5=Merced |first5=Michael J. de la |last6=Hirsch |first6=Lauren |last7=Livni |first7=Ephrat |title=A Short Seller Takes Aim at an Indian Corporate Giant |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/25/business/dealbook/short-seller-hindenburg-adani.html |access-date=25 January 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=25 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Lockett |first1=Hudson |title=Adani shares take $10.8bn hit after Hindenburg bets against group |url=https://www.ft.com/content/4aedaaf9-9ee8-4334-945c-12ac08429d6a |access-date=25 January 2023 |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=25 January 2023}}</ref> Bonds and shares of companies associated with Adani experienced a decline of more than $104 billion in market value after the accusations,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=Jihye |title=Adani shares fall as short seller firm Hindenburg announces short position |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/01/25/adani-group-hindenburg-short-position.html |access-date=25 January 2023 |work=[[CNBC]] |date=25 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kay |first1=Chris |last2=Vishnoi |first2=Abhishek |last3=Joshi |first3=Ashutosh |title=Hindenburg Targets Asia’s Richest Man, Triggering Adani Selloff |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-25/adani-group-stocks-drop-after-hindenburg-takes-short-position |access-date=25 January 2023 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=25 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adani Rout Crosses $51 Billion as Stocks Plunge by Daily Limits |url=https://news.bloomberglaw.com/capital-markets/adani-group-stocks-plunge-extend-rout-from-short-seller-report |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=news.bloomberglaw.com |language=en}}</ref> representing approximately half of the market value.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barrett |first=Jonathan |last2= |first2= |date=2023-02-01 |title=Why has the Adani Group shed US$90bn in value and what do short sellers have to gain? |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/feb/02/why-has-the-adani-group-shed-us90bn-in-value-and-what-do-short-sellers-have-to-gain |access-date=2023-02-02 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Hedge fund manager [[Bill Ackman]] said Hindenburg's Adani Report was "highly credible and extremely well researched."<ref>{{cite news |title=Bill Ackman says Hindenburg's Adani report 'highly credible' |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/bill-ackman-says-hindenburgs-adani-report-highly-credible-2023-01-27/ |access-date=29 January 2023 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=27 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Aravindan |first1=Aradhana |last2=Sanjai |first2=P R |title=Bill Ackman Calls Hindenburg's Adani Report ‘Highly Credible’ |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-27/ackman-likens-adani-response-to-herbalife-short |access-date=29 January 2023 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=27 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Adani denied the fraud allegations as without merit.<ref name="madhok-2023">{{cite news |last1=Madhok |first1=Diksha |date=25 January 2023 |title=Asia's richest man slams short-seller's fraud claims as 'baseless' and 'malicious' |language=en |work=CNN Business |location=Atlanta, Georgia, USA |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/25/business/india-adani-shares-plunge-hindenburg-report-hnk-intl/index.html |access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref>
In January 2023, [[Hindenburg Research]] published the findings of a two-year investigation alleging that Adani had engaged in market manipulation and accounting malpractices. The report accused Adani of pulling "the largest [[Confidence trick|con]] in corporate history"<ref>{{Cite web |title=India’s Richest Man Accused of Pulling the ‘Largest Con in Corporate History’ |url=https://time.com/6250052/adani-hindenburg-fraud/ |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=Time |language=en}}</ref> and "brazen stock manipulation and accounting fraud scheme over the course of decades".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madhok |first=Diksha |date=2023-01-30 |title=Adani slams US short seller 'attack on India' as stock rout hits $70 billion {{!}} CNN Business |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/30/investing/india-adani-rebuttal-hindenburg-allegations-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Hindenburg also disclosed that it was holding [[Short (finance)|short positions]] on Adani Group companies.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Thomas |first1=Chris |last2=Kalra |first2=Aditya |title=Hindenburg shorts India's Adani citing debt, accounting concerns; shares plunge |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/asia/hindenburg-says-holds-short-positions-indias-adani-flags-risks-2023-01-25/ |access-date=25 January 2023 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=25 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sorkin |first1=Andrew Ross |last2=Mattu |first2=Ravi |last3=Warner |first3=Bernhard |last4=Kessler |first4=Sarah |last5=Merced |first5=Michael J. de la |last6=Hirsch |first6=Lauren |last7=Livni |first7=Ephrat |title=A Short Seller Takes Aim at an Indian Corporate Giant |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/25/business/dealbook/short-seller-hindenburg-adani.html |access-date=25 January 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=25 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Lockett |first1=Hudson |title=Adani shares take $10.8bn hit after Hindenburg bets against group |url=https://www.ft.com/content/4aedaaf9-9ee8-4334-945c-12ac08429d6a |access-date=25 January 2023 |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=25 January 2023}}</ref> Bonds and shares of companies associated with Adani experienced a decline of more than $104 billion in market value after the accusations,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=Jihye |title=Adani shares fall as short seller firm Hindenburg announces short position |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/01/25/adani-group-hindenburg-short-position.html |access-date=25 January 2023 |work=[[CNBC]] |date=25 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kay |first1=Chris |last2=Vishnoi |first2=Abhishek |last3=Joshi |first3=Ashutosh |title=Hindenburg Targets Asia’s Richest Man, Triggering Adani Selloff |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-25/adani-group-stocks-drop-after-hindenburg-takes-short-position |access-date=25 January 2023 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=25 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adani Rout Crosses $51 Billion as Stocks Plunge by Daily Limits |url=https://news.bloomberglaw.com/capital-markets/adani-group-stocks-plunge-extend-rout-from-short-seller-report |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=news.bloomberglaw.com |language=en}}</ref> representing approximately half of the market value.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barrett |first=Jonathan |last2= |first2= |date=2023-02-01 |title=Why has the Adani Group shed US$90bn in value and what do short sellers have to gain? |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/feb/02/why-has-the-adani-group-shed-us90bn-in-value-and-what-do-short-sellers-have-to-gain |access-date=2023-02-02 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Hedge fund manager [[Bill Ackman]] said Hindenburg's Adani Report was "highly credible and extremely well researched."<ref>{{cite news |title=Bill Ackman says Hindenburg's Adani report 'highly credible' |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/bill-ackman-says-hindenburgs-adani-report-highly-credible-2023-01-27/ |access-date=29 January 2023 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=27 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Aravindan |first1=Aradhana |last2=Sanjai |first2=P R |title=Bill Ackman Calls Hindenburg's Adani Report ‘Highly Credible’ |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-27/ackman-likens-adani-response-to-herbalife-short |access-date=29 January 2023 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=27 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Adani denied the fraud allegations as without merit.<ref name="madhok-2023">{{cite news |last1=Madhok |first1=Diksha |date=25 January 2023 |title=Asia's richest man slams short-seller's fraud claims as 'baseless' and 'malicious' |language=en |work=CNN Business |location=Atlanta, Georgia, USA |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/25/business/india-adani-shares-plunge-hindenburg-report-hnk-intl/index.html |access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref>


On 29 January, Adani released a 413 page response to the Hindenburg report, calling Hindenburg’s conduct a "calculated securities fraud"<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sanjai |first1=P R |last2=Shukla |first2=Sidhartha |title=Adani’s 413-Page Reply to Hindenburg After $51 Billion Wipeout |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-29/adani-says-hindenburg-conduct-is-calculated-securities-fraud |access-date=29 January 2023 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=29 January 2023}}</ref> and the report a "calculated attack on India, the independence, integrity and quality of Indian institutions, and the growth story and ambition of India."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barrett |first=Jonathan |date=2023-01-30 |title=Adani claims US investment firm’s fraud allegations are an ‘attack on India’ |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/jan/30/adani-claims-us-investment-firm-hindenburg-research-allegations-attack-on-india |access-date=2023-02-02 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Hindenburg characterized the response as failing to engage with the issues raised by its initial report.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kay |first1=Chris |title=Hindenburg Says Adani’s Nationalist Rebuttal Ignores Allegations |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-30/hindenburg-says-adani-s-nationalist-rebuttal-ignores-allegations?srnd=premium&sref=CIpmV6x8 |access-date=30 January 2023 |work=Bloomberg.com |date=30 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref> On 1 February, Adani cancelled its planned US$2.5 billion (Rs 20,000 crore) [[Follow-on public offer|Follow-on Public Offer]] (FPO) citing market volatility, and announced that it would return the FPO money to investors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adani Enterprises Calls Off FPO, Money To Be Returned To Investors |url=https://www.ndtv.com/business/adani-enterprises-wont-go-ahead-with-its-fully-subscribed-fpo-3744979 |access-date=2 February 2023}}</ref> [[Reserve Bank of India]] sought details from banks on exposure to Adani firms.<ref>https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/rbi-looking-at-banks-exposure-to-adani-group-companies-seeks-present-status-sources-9988011.html</ref> [[Citigroup]]'s wealth unit stopped extending margin loans to its clients against securities of Adani Group.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/citigroup-wealth-unit-stops-margin-loans-against-india-adanis-securities-source-2023-02-02/</ref> [[Credit Suisse]] Group AG stopped accepting bonds of Adani Group companies as collateral for margin loans to its private banking clients.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/siladityaray/2023/02/01/credit-suisse-reportedly-assigns-zero-lending-value-to-adani-group-bonds-following-hindenburg-allegations/?sh=3412eda84473</ref><ref>https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-02-01/credit-suisse-s-private-bank-halts-margin-loans-on-adani-bonds?leadSource=uverify%20wall</ref> [[S&P Dow Jones Indices]] removed Adani Enterprises from its sustainability index.<ref>https://www.cnbc.com/2023/02/03/sp-to-remove-adani-enterprises-from-sustainability-index.html</ref>
On 29 January, Adani released a 413 page response to the Hindenburg report, calling Hindenburg’s conduct a "calculated securities fraud"<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sanjai |first1=P R |last2=Shukla |first2=Sidhartha |title=Adani’s 413-Page Reply to Hindenburg After $51 Billion Wipeout |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-29/adani-says-hindenburg-conduct-is-calculated-securities-fraud |access-date=29 January 2023 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=29 January 2023}}</ref> and the report a "calculated attack on India, the independence, integrity and quality of Indian institutions, and the growth story and ambition of India."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barrett |first=Jonathan |date=2023-01-30 |title=Adani claims US investment firm’s fraud allegations are an ‘attack on India’ |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/jan/30/adani-claims-us-investment-firm-hindenburg-research-allegations-attack-on-india |access-date=2023-02-02 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Hindenburg characterized the response as failing to engage with the issues raised by its initial report.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kay |first1=Chris |title=Hindenburg Says Adani’s Nationalist Rebuttal Ignores Allegations |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-30/hindenburg-says-adani-s-nationalist-rebuttal-ignores-allegations?srnd=premium&sref=CIpmV6x8 |access-date=30 January 2023 |work=Bloomberg.com |date=30 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref> On 1 February, Adani cancelled its planned US$2.5 billion (Rs 20,000 crore) [[Follow-on public offer|Follow-on Public Offer]] (FPO) citing market volatility, and announced that it would return the FPO money to investors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adani Enterprises Calls Off FPO, Money To Be Returned To Investors |url=https://www.ndtv.com/business/adani-enterprises-wont-go-ahead-with-its-fully-subscribed-fpo-3744979 |access-date=2 February 2023}}</ref> [[Reserve Bank of India]] sought details from banks on exposure to Adani firms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/rbi-looking-at-banks-exposure-to-adani-group-companies-seeks-present-status-sources-9988011.html|title=RBI looking at banks' exposure to Adani group companies, seeks present status: Sources|website=Moneycontrol}}</ref> [[Citigroup]]'s wealth unit stopped extending margin loans to its clients against securities of Adani Group.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/citigroup-wealth-unit-stops-margin-loans-against-india-adanis-securities-source-2023-02-02/|title=Citigroup stops margin loans against India Adani's securities - source|first=Anshuman|last=Daga|date=2 February 2023|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref> [[Credit Suisse]] Group AG stopped accepting bonds of Adani Group companies as collateral for margin loans to its private banking clients.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/siladityaray/2023/02/01/credit-suisse-reportedly-assigns-zero-lending-value-to-adani-group-bonds-following-hindenburg-allegations/|title=Credit Suisse Reportedly Assigns Zero Lending Value To Adani Group Bonds Following Hindenburg Allegations|first=Siladitya|last=Ray|website=Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-02-01/credit-suisse-s-private-bank-halts-margin-loans-on-adani-bonds|title=Credit Suisse’s Wealth Unit Halts Margin Loans on Adani Debt|date=1 February 2023|via=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref> [[S&P Dow Jones Indices]] removed Adani Enterprises from its sustainability index.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/02/03/sp-to-remove-adani-enterprises-from-sustainability-index.html|title=S&P Dow Jones is knocking Adani Enterprises off its sustainability index|first=Jihye|last=Lee|website=CNBC}}</ref>


Meanwhile the [[Central Board of Direct Taxes]] referred a complaint presented by Adhikar Sena President [[Amitabh Thakur]] as regards enquiry in Hindenburg research to Director General, Income Tax (Investigation), [[Ahmedabad]].{{cn|date=February 2023}}
Meanwhile the [[Central Board of Direct Taxes]] referred a complaint presented by Adhikar Sena President [[Amitabh Thakur]] as regards enquiry in Hindenburg research to Director General, Income Tax (Investigation), [[Ahmedabad]].{{cn|date=February 2023}}

Revision as of 14:56, 5 February 2023

For other uses or company named Adani, see Adani (disambiguation).

Adani Group
Company typePrivate
IndustryConglomerate
Founded20 July 1988; 36 years ago (20 July 1988)
FounderGautam Adani
Headquarters
Ahmedabad, Gujarat
,
India
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Gautam Adani (Chairman)
Services
OwnerGautam Adani (100%)
Number of employees
23,000+ (2023)[1]
Subsidiaries
Websitewww.adani.com

Adani Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate, headquartered in Ahmedabad. It was founded by Gautam Adani, in 1988 as a commodity trading business, with the flagship company Adani Enterprises. The Group's diverse businesses include port management, electric power generation and transmission, renewable energy, mining, airport operations, natural gas, food processing and infrastructure.[2]

In April 2021, Adani Group crossed US$100 billion in market capitalization, and in April 2022 it crossed the US$200 billion mark, in both cases becoming the third Indian conglomerate to do so, after Tata Group and Reliance Industries.[3][4] In November 2022, it reached US$280 billion (INR 24 trillion) surpassing Tata Group.[5] Adani subsequently lost more than US$104 billion of market capitalization after fraud and market manipulation allegations by short-seller firm Hindenburg Research. The Adani Group has also attracted other controversies due to various reports of irregular practices.[6][7][8] More than 60 percent of the Adani Group's revenue is derived from coal-related businesses.[9] The company's corporate debt totals $30 billion in 2022.[10]

History

Adani Exports Limited started as a commodity trading company in 1988 and expanded into importing and exporting multiple commodities. With a capital of ₹5 lakhs, the company was established as a partnership firm with the flagship company Adani Enterprises, previously Adani Exports.[11] In 1990, the Adani Group developed its own port in Mundra to provide a base for its trading operations. It began construction at Mundra in 1995. In 1998, it became the top net foreign exchange earner for India Inc.[12] The company began coal trading in 1999, followed by a joint venture in edible oil refining in 2000 with the formation of Adani Wilmar.[13]

The group's second phase started with the creation of large infrastructure assets. The company established a portfolio of ports, power plants, mines, ships and railway lines inside and outside India.[citation needed]

Adani handled 4 Mt of cargo at Mundra in 2002, becoming the largest private port in India. Later in 2006, the company became the largest coal importer in India with 11 Mt of coal handling.[12] The company expanded its business in 2008, purchasing Bunyu Mine in Indonesia which has 180 Mt of coal reserves. In 2009 the firm began generating 330 MW of thermal power. It also built an edible oil refining capacity in India of 2.2 Mt per annum.[12] Adani Enterprises became the largest trading house in India importing coal, with a market share 60%. It also supplies coal to NTPC, India.[citation needed]

The Adani group became India's largest private coal mining company after Adani Enterprises won the Orissa mine rights in 2010.[14] Operations at the Port of Dahej commenced in 2011 and its capacity subsequently grew to 20 Mt. The company also bought Galilee Basin mine in Australia with 10.4 gigatonnes (Gt) of coal reserves. It also commissioned 60 Mt of handling capacity for the coal import terminal in Mundra, making it the world's largest.[15]

In 2011, the Adani group also bought Abbot Point port in Australia with 50 Mt of handling capacity. It commissioned India's largest solar power plant with a capacity 40 MW. As the firm achieved 3,960 MW capacity, it became the largest private sector thermal power producer in India. In 2012 The company shifted its focus on three business clusters – resources, logistics and energy.[16]

Adani Power emerged as India's largest private power producer in 2014.[17] Adani Power's total installed capacity then stood at 9,280 MW.[18] The Mundra Port, Adani Ports and SEZ Ltd. (APSEZ), handled 100 Mt in fiscal 2013–14.[citation needed] On 16 May of the same year, Adani Ports acquired Dhamra Port on East coast of India for ₹5,500 crore (equivalent to ₹88 billion or US$1.1 billion in 2023).[19] Dhamra Port was a 50:50 joint venture between Tata Steel and L&T Infrastructure Development Projects, which has been acquired by Adani Ports. The port began operations in May 2011 and handled a total cargo of 14.3 Mt in 2013–14.[20] With the acquisition of Dhamra Port, the Group is planning to increase its capacity to over 200 Mt by 2020.[21][22]

File:Krishnapatnam port Nellore.jpg
Krishnapatnam Port in Andhra Pradesh.

In 2015, the Adani Group's Adani Renewable Energy Park signed a pact with the Rajasthan Government for a 50:50 joint venture to set up India's largest solar park with a capacity of 10,000 MW.[23] In November 2015, the Adani group began construction at the port in Vizhinjam, Kerala.[24]

Adani Aero Defence signed a pact with Elbit-ISTAR and Alpha Design Technologies to work in the field of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in India in 2016. In April, Adani Enterprises secured approval from the Government of Gujarat to begin work on building a solar power equipment plant. In September, Adani Green Energy (Tamil Nadu), the renewable wing of the Adani Group, began operations in Kamuthi in Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu with a capacity of 648 MW at an estimated cost of ₹4,550 crore (equivalent to ₹65 billion or US$780 million in 2023).[25]

In the same month, the Adani Group inaugurated a 648 MW single-location solar power plant. It was the world's largest solar power plant at the time it was set up.[25] In December, the Adani Group inaugurated a 100 MW solar power plant in Bhatinda, the largest in Punjab. The plant was built at a cost of ₹640 crore (equivalent to ₹920 crore or US$110 million in 2023).[citation needed]

On 22 December 2017, the Adani Group acquired the power arm of Reliance Infrastructure for ₹18,800 crore (US$2.89 billion).[26]

In October 2019, French oil and gas company TotalEnergies bought a 37.4% stake in Adani Gas for ₹6,155 crore (US$874.04 million) and obtained joint control of the company.[27] Total also invested US$510 million in a subsidiary of Adani Green Energy in February 2020.[28]

In August 2020, Adani Group obtained a majority stake in Mumbai and Navi Mumbai airports after entering a debt acquisition agreement with GVK Group.[29] Through a concession agreement with the Airports Authority of India, Adani Group also obtained a 50-year lease on Ahmedabad, Guwahati, Jaipur, Lucknow, Mangalore and Thiruvananthapuram airports.[30]

In May 2021, Adani Green Energy acquired SB Energy, a joint venture of SoftBank Group and Bharti Enterprises, for US$3.5 billion.[31]

In May 2022, the Adani Group acquired Ambuja Cements and ACC for US$10.5 billion. The deal will make the Adani Group the second largest cement maker in India.[32]

In May 2022, UAE-based conglomerate International Holding Company (IHC), headed by Syed Basar Shueb, invested US$2 billion in three Adani Group companies, namely Adani Green Energy, Adani Transmission and Adani Enterprises.[33][34] In June 2022, TotalEnergies acquired a 25% stake in Adani New Industries, the newly formed green hydrogen subsidiary of Adani Enterprises, for US$12.5 billion.[35]

Listed companies

Adani Enterprises

Adani Enterprises is a holding company, which is primarily engaged in mining and trading of coal and iron ore on a standalone basis, and acts as an incubator for Adani Group's new business ventures.[36] It has three main subsidiaries: Adani Wilmar (food processing), Adani Airport Holdings (airport operations) and Adani Road Transport (road development).[37]

Through its other subsidiaries, Adani Enterprises also has business interests in solar PV module manufacturing,[38] water infrastructure,[39] data centers,[40] agri-output storage and distribution,[41] defence and aerospace,[42] bunkering,[43] rail and metro infrastructure,[44] real estate,[45] financial services,[46] oil exploration,[47] petrochemicals[48] and cement.[49]

Adani Green Energy

Adani Green Energy is the renewable energy arm of the group, having wind and solar power plants in its portfolio.[50] It is the world's largest solar power developer by capacity, with a total capacity of 12.3 GW.[51] In 2022, Adani Green formed 3 new subsidiary companies, called Adani Renewable Energy Thirty Six, Adani Renewable Energy Forty Limited and Adani Renewable Energy Forty Seven Limited.[52]

Adani Ports & SEZ

A view of Mundra Port, 2017.

Adani Ports & SEZ (APSEZ) is the largest private port company and special economic zone in India, with ten ports and terminals including Mundra Port, its largest.[53] The company is headed by Karan Adani, CEO of APSEZ. The company's operations include Port management, logistics and the special economic zone. The company operates at the following ports: Mundra, Dahej, and Hazira, Gujarat; Dhamra, Odisha; Kattupalli, Tamil Nadu; and Vizhinjam, Kerala.[citation needed]

Adani Power

Mundra Thermal Power Station in Gujarat.

Adani Power was established in August 1996.[54] The company develops and maintains power projects and is the largest private sector power generation company in the country.[55] It has a combined installed capacity of 12,450 MW with four thermal power projects across India.[56]

Adani Transmission

Integrated in 2013, Adani Transmission handles the commissioning, operations and maintenance of electric power transmission systems.[57] As of May 2021, the company holds, operates and maintains 17,200 circuit kilometres of transmission lines that range from 400 to 765 kilovolts, making it India's largest private sector power transmission and distribution network.[58][59]

Adani Total Gas

Adani Total Gas is a city gas distribution company serving both industrial and residential customers in India through piped natural gas connections and compressed natural gas stations. It is a joint venture between Adani Group and the French oil and gas company TotalEnergies.[60] Adani Total Gas has presence in 22 geographical areas (GAs) as a standalone entity as of November 2020.[61]

Indian Oil-Adani Gas Pvt. Ltd., a 50:50 joint venture between Adani Total Gas and Indian Oil Corporation, operates city gas distribution networks in 19 GAs.[61] With a combined presence of 41 GAs in 74 districts, Adani Total Gas is the largest city gas operator in India.[62] Recently, The Adani Group announced strategic collaboration with Snam, Europe's leading gas infrastructure company on energy mix transition.[63]

Adani Wilmar

Adani Wilmar, a joint venture between Adani Enterprises and Wilmar International, is the owner of the Fortune brand of edible oils.[64]

In May 2022, Adani Wilmar Limited (AWL) acquired ‘Kohinoor’ brand from McCormick Switzerland GMBH.[65]

Philanthropy

In 2020, the Adani Foundation donated ₹100 crore (equivalent to ₹118 crore or US$14 million in 2023) to the PM CARES Fund to fight the COVID-19 pandemic.[66][67] The Foundation made contributions of ₹5 crore (equivalent to ₹5.9 crore or US$710,000 in 2023) to the Gujarat CM Relief Fund and ₹1 crore (equivalent to ₹1.2 crore or US$140,000 in 2023) to the Maharashtra CM Relief Fund.[68] The employees of Adani Group made a contribution of ₹4 crore (equivalent to ₹4.7 crore or US$560,000 in 2023) to Adani Foundation for COVID-19 relief measures.[69]

In March 2021, Adani Group announced that it will reimburse the charges incurred by the employees and their families for the COVID-19 vaccination.[70]

In May 2021, Adani Group procured 48 cryogenic tanks from manufacturers in Thailand, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Taiwan for transporting medical grade liquid oxygen to combat the second wave of COVID-19 in India.[71][72]

In June 2022, Adani and his family pledged to donate ₹60,000 crore (US$7.7 billion) for social causes.[73][74]

Sports

Adani Arena in Rockhampton, Australia

The Adani Group has multiple initiatives in sports.

Launched in 2016 to prepare athletes for Rio Olympics, Garv Hai ( transl. We are proud) is a nationwide programme to promote sports and support athletes in India. It was re-launched for a second time to groom athletes for 2020 Tokyo Olympics, 2022 Asian Games and Commonwealth Games. The programme focuses on archery, shooting, athletics, boxing, and wrestling.[75][76]

Beneficiaries of the Garv Hai pilot project in 2016 include Ankita Raina (tennis), Pinki Jangra (boxing), Shiva Thapa (boxing), Khushbir Kaur (athletics), Inderjeet Singh (athletics), Mandeep Jangra (boxing), Malaika Goel (shooting), Deepak Punia (wrestling), KT Irfan (racewalking) and Sanjivani Jadhav (athletics).[75][76]

Adani group owns the Gujarat Giants team in the Pro Kabaddi League.[77]

Another initiative is the Surguja Football Academy in Chhattisgarh. So far 11 players from Surguja have been selected to play for the Indian national football team.[citation needed]

Adani Group has naming rights on Hegvold Stadium (now known as Adani Arena) in Rockhampton[78] and the pavilion end of the Narendra Modi Stadium in Ahmedabad.[79]

In 2022, Adani Group acquired the Gulf Giants team in UAE's International League T20.[80]

Adani Group purchased a franchise in Legends League Cricket.[81][when?] And 2023, they purchased a team in the Women's Premier League based in Ahmedabad.

Teams Owned by Adani Group:

Team Sports League Refs
Gujarat Giants Kabaddi Pro Kabaddi League [82]
Gujarat Giants Cricket Women's Indian Premier League [83]
Gulf Giants Cricket International League T20 [80]
Gujarat Giants Cricket Legends League Cricket [81]
Gujarat Giants Boxing Big Bout Boxing League [84]
Gujarat Giants Kho kho Ultimate Kho Kho League [85]

Controversies

Coal mining in Australia

Coal spill at Abbot Point, Australia, after Cyclone Debbie, 2017.

The Adani Group launched in 2014, with the support of a part of the Australian Government and Queensland, a mining and rail project (Carmichael coal mine) in Carmichael in Queensland's Galilee Basin for $21.5 billion[86] over the life of the project, i.e. 60 years[86]. This mine is one of many coal mines in Queensland, Australia. Its annual capacity would be 10 Mt of thermal coal.[87]

This project will occupy an area of 35,000 hectares (86,000 acres). In response to activist pressure some international banks refused to finance it,[88] and in November 2018, Adani Australia announced that the Carmichael project would be 100% financed by Adani Group resources.[89] In July 2019, the project received its final approvals from the Australian Government and construction of the mine commenced.[90]

The Australian Government has been taken to the Federal Court of Australia by the Australian Conservation Foundation twice, once in 2018 and once in March 2020 (still ongoing as of September 2020), relating to its contravention and alleged contravention of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 with respect to the impact of the Carmichael mine on groundwater and the country's water resources.[91]

In 2020, Adani Mining changed its name to Bravus Mining and Resources.[92]

On 29 December 2021, Bravus announced that the first shipment of high-quality coal from the Carmichael mine had been assembled at the North Queensland Export Terminal (NQXT) in Bowen ready for export as planned.[93]

Cronyism

Chairman and MD Gautam Adani has been described as being close to former Chief Minister of Gujarat and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).[94] This has led to allegations of cronyism as his firms have won many Indian energy and infrastructure government contracts.[95] In 2012, an Indian government auditor accused Modi of giving low cost fuel from a Gujarat state-run gas company to the Adani group and other companies.[96][97] In Jharkhand, the BJP-led state government made an exception to its energy policy for Adani's Godda power plant.[98] Both the Adani Group and Modi's government have denied allegations of cronyism.[97]

Leverage

In August 2022, CreditSights, a unit of Fitch Ratings, warned that Adani Group was "deeply overleveraged” and that its recent aggressive expansion had hurt the group's cash flow and credit metrics. It also stated that a potential "worst-case scenario" could lead the group to end up in a debt trap and a potential default.[99][100] However, in September 2022, CreditSights made some corrections in the report and removed the mention of Adani Group being "deeply overleveraged".[101]

Tax evasion

On 27 February 2010, Central Bureau of Investigation arrested Rajesh Adani, managing director of Adani Enterprises Ltd., on charges of custom duty evasion amounting to ₹80 lakh.[102]

In August 2017, Indian customs alleged the Adani Group was diverting millions of funds from the company's books to Adani family tax havens overseas. Adani was accused of using a Dubai shell company to divert the funds.[103] The details of a $235 million diversion were obtained and published by The Guardian.[104] In 2014, the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence mapped out a complex money trail from India through South Korea and Dubai, and eventually to an offshore company in Mauritius allegedly owned by Vinod Shantilal Adani, the older brother of Gautam Adani.[105]

2023 fraud allegations

Stock manipulation and accounting fraud

In January 2023, Hindenburg Research published the findings of a two-year investigation alleging that Adani had engaged in market manipulation and accounting malpractices. The report accused Adani of pulling "the largest con in corporate history"[106] and "brazen stock manipulation and accounting fraud scheme over the course of decades".[107] Hindenburg also disclosed that it was holding short positions on Adani Group companies.[108][109][110] Bonds and shares of companies associated with Adani experienced a decline of more than $104 billion in market value after the accusations,[111][112][113] representing approximately half of the market value.[114] Hedge fund manager Bill Ackman said Hindenburg's Adani Report was "highly credible and extremely well researched."[115][116] Adani denied the fraud allegations as without merit.[117]

On 29 January, Adani released a 413 page response to the Hindenburg report, calling Hindenburg’s conduct a "calculated securities fraud"[118] and the report a "calculated attack on India, the independence, integrity and quality of Indian institutions, and the growth story and ambition of India."[119] Hindenburg characterized the response as failing to engage with the issues raised by its initial report.[120] On 1 February, Adani cancelled its planned US$2.5 billion (Rs 20,000 crore) Follow-on Public Offer (FPO) citing market volatility, and announced that it would return the FPO money to investors.[121] Reserve Bank of India sought details from banks on exposure to Adani firms.[122] Citigroup's wealth unit stopped extending margin loans to its clients against securities of Adani Group.[123] Credit Suisse Group AG stopped accepting bonds of Adani Group companies as collateral for margin loans to its private banking clients.[124][125] S&P Dow Jones Indices removed Adani Enterprises from its sustainability index.[126]

Meanwhile the Central Board of Direct Taxes referred a complaint presented by Adhikar Sena President Amitabh Thakur as regards enquiry in Hindenburg research to Director General, Income Tax (Investigation), Ahmedabad.[citation needed]

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