Operation Sharp Guard: Difference between revisions
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{{Campaignbox NATO intervention in Bosnia}} |
{{Campaignbox NATO intervention in Bosnia}} |
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'''Operation Sharp Guard''' was a three-year joint naval [[blockade]] in the [[Adriatic Sea]] by [[NATO]] and the [[Western European Union]] on shipments to the former Yugoslavia.[http://books.google.com/books?id=4ubWqD1XcAQC&pg=PA172&dq=blockade+%22operation+sharp+guard%22&lr=lang_en&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=100&as_brr=3&ei=z0oNTL6sB43MMomoyesE&cd=1#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20sharp%20guard%22&f=false][http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/naval-blockade-lifts-in-adriatic-1337903.html][http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=archive&ct=res&cd=1-0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.newsbank.com%2Fg%2FGooglePM%2FNR%2Flib00472%2C0F574E769146EAE6.html&ei=i0oNTO2DNprqngfDrP2ABw&usg=AFQjCNF35ql3I_btfEhAmEzLau7Z9LAPvg&sig2=1IIq2FAC-J2N22NRKQ5FZw] It began on 15 June 1993, was suspended on 19 June 1996, and was terminated on 2 October 1996. It replaced operations Maritime Guard (of NATO) and Sharp Fence of the (WEU).[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/naval-blockade-lifts-in-adriatic-1337903.html][http://books.google.com/books?id=4ubWqD1XcAQC&pg=PA172&dq=blockade+%22operation+sharp+guard%22&lr=lang_en&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=100&as_brr=3&ei=z0oNTL6sB43MMomoyesE&cd=1#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20sharp%20guard%22&f=false] |
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'''Operation Sharp Guard''' was a joint operation between [[NATO]] and the [[Western European Union]] beginning on 15 June 1993, suspended 19 June 1996 and terminated 2 October 1996. It replaced operations [[MARITIME GUARD]] and [[SHARP FENCE]]. Its purpose was to enforce economic sanctions and an [[weapon|arms]] [[embargo]] against the former [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] in accordance with numerous [[United Nations Security Council Resolution]]s: |
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==Purpose== |
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*[[United Nations Security Council Resolution 713|UNSCR 713]] [http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u910925a.htm] |
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Its purpose was, through a blockade on shipments to the former Yugoslavia,[http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/jan-june10/gaza2_06-02.html] to enforce economic sanctions and an [[weapon|arms]] [[embargo]] against the former [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]].[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=archive&ct=res&cd=4-0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1G1-67138475.html%3Frefid%3Dgnews_1108&ei=eUoNTNfGDqeangfDupWBBw&usg=AFQjCNEetO349QACUHs4TsVR3vJB4ntfFA&sig2=-QW1_fgdY803Je4VzT-lMA] |
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*[[United Nations Security Council Resolution 757|UNSCR 757]] [http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u920530a.htm] |
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*[[United Nations Security Council Resolution 787|UNSCR 787]] [http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u921116a.htm] |
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*[[United Nations Security Council Resolution 820|UNSCR 820]] [http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u930417a.htm] |
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*[[United Nations Security Council Resolution 943|UNSCR 943]] [http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u940923c.htm] |
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==Blockade; ships challenged, boarded, and inspected== |
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Over the course of the operation, it was redefined due to: |
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Eighteen warships from 11 countries, and eight [[maritime patrol]] aircraft, were involved in searching for and stopping blockade runners.[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/naval-blockade-lifts-in-adriatic-1337903.html] The Combined Task Force 440 was commanded by Admiral Mario Angeli of Italy.[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/naval-blockade-lifts-in-adriatic-1337903.html] |
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The NATO and WEU forces challenged more than 74,000 ships, boarded and inspected almost 6,000 at sea, and diverted 1,500 to ports for further inspection.[[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/naval-blockade-lifts-in-adriatic-1337903.html][http://books.google.com/books?id=4ubWqD1XcAQC&pg=PA172&dq=blockade+%22operation+sharp+guard%22&lr=lang_en&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=100&as_brr=3&ei=z0oNTL6sB43MMomoyesE&cd=1#v=onepage&q=blockade%20%22operation%20sharp%20guard%22&f=false] Of those, nearly a dozen vessels were found to be blockade runners, some carrying arms in violation of UN Security Council resolutions.[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/naval-blockade-lifts-in-adriatic-1337903.html][http://books.google.com/books?id=4ubWqD1XcAQC&pg=PA172&dq=blockade+%22operation+sharp+guard%22&lr=lang_en&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=100&as_brr=3&ei=z0oNTL6sB43MMomoyesE&cd=1#v=onepage&q=blockade%20%22operation%20sharp%20guard%22&f=false] NATO officials said that the maritime blockade had a major effect in preventing escalation of the conflict.[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/naval-blockade-lifts-in-adriatic-1337903.html] |
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*[[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1021|UNSCR 1021]] [http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u951122a.htm] |
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*[[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1022|UNSCR 1022]] [http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u951122b.htm] |
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===Suspension=== |
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==Ships participation== |
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The blockade was suspended following a UN decision to end the arms embargo, and NATO's Southern Command said that: "NATO and WEU ships will no longer challenge, board or divert ships in the Adriatic".[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/naval-blockade-lifts-in-adriatic-1337903.html] ''[[The Independent]]'' warned at the time that "In theory, there could now be a massive influx of arms to Bosnia, Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), although senior military and diplomatic sources yesterday said that they thought this would be unlikely."[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/naval-blockade-lifts-in-adriatic-1337903.html] |
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==Applicable UN resolutions== |
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It was conducted in accordance with numerous [[United Nations Security Council Resolution]]s: [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 713|UNSCR 713]],[http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u910925a.htm] [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 757|UNSCR 757]],[http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u920530a.htm] [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 787|UNSCR 787]] [http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u921116a.htm] [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 820|UNSCR 820]],[http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u930417a.htm] and [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 943|UNSCR 943]].[http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u940923c.htm] Resolution 787 authorized states to "use such measures ... as may be necessary ... to halt all inward and outward maritime shipping ... to insure strict implementation of" the arms embargo and economic sanctions against the former Yugoslavia.[http://books.google.com/books?id=4ubWqD1XcAQC&pg=PA172&dq=blockade+%22operation+sharp+guard%22&lr=lang_en&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=100&as_brr=3&ei=z0oNTL6sB43MMomoyesE&cd=1#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20sharp%20guard%22&f=false][http://books.google.com/books?id=4ubWqD1XcAQC&pg=PA172&dq=blockade+%22operation+sharp+guard%22&lr=lang_en&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=100&as_brr=3&ei=z0oNTL6sB43MMomoyesE&cd=1#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20sharp%20guard%22&f=false] |
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Over the course of the operation, it was redefined due to [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1021|UNSCR 1021]] [http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u951122a.htm] and [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1022|UNSCR 1022]].[http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u951122b.htm] |
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==Select ships participating== |
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*{{USS|Simpson|FFG-56|3}} 1994–2009 |
*{{USS|Simpson|FFG-56|3}} 1994–2009 |
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* [[Bremen class frigate|F210 Emden (1979)]] of the [[German Navy]] |
* [[Bremen class frigate|F210 Emden (1979)]] of the [[German Navy]] |
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* [[Baleares class frigate|F-74 Asturias]] of the [[Spanish Navy]] |
* [[Baleares class frigate|F-74 Asturias]] of the [[Spanish Navy]] |
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*[[HMS Nottingham]] of the British Navy[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/naval-blockade-lifts-in-adriatic-1337903.html] |
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*[[HMS Campbeltown]] of the British Navy[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/naval-blockade-lifts-in-adriatic-1337903.html] |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{Portal|United Nations}} |
{{Portal|United Nations}} |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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Revision as of 19:52, 7 June 2010
Operation Sharp Guard was a three-year joint naval blockade in the Adriatic Sea by NATO and the Western European Union on shipments to the former Yugoslavia.[1][2][3] It began on 15 June 1993, was suspended on 19 June 1996, and was terminated on 2 October 1996. It replaced operations Maritime Guard (of NATO) and Sharp Fence of the (WEU).[4][5]
Purpose
Its purpose was, through a blockade on shipments to the former Yugoslavia,[6] to enforce economic sanctions and an arms embargo against the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.[7]
Blockade; ships challenged, boarded, and inspected
Eighteen warships from 11 countries, and eight maritime patrol aircraft, were involved in searching for and stopping blockade runners.[8] The Combined Task Force 440 was commanded by Admiral Mario Angeli of Italy.[9]
The NATO and WEU forces challenged more than 74,000 ships, boarded and inspected almost 6,000 at sea, and diverted 1,500 to ports for further inspection.[[10][11] Of those, nearly a dozen vessels were found to be blockade runners, some carrying arms in violation of UN Security Council resolutions.[12][13] NATO officials said that the maritime blockade had a major effect in preventing escalation of the conflict.[14]
Suspension
The blockade was suspended following a UN decision to end the arms embargo, and NATO's Southern Command said that: "NATO and WEU ships will no longer challenge, board or divert ships in the Adriatic".[15] The Independent warned at the time that "In theory, there could now be a massive influx of arms to Bosnia, Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), although senior military and diplomatic sources yesterday said that they thought this would be unlikely."[16]
Applicable UN resolutions
It was conducted in accordance with numerous United Nations Security Council Resolutions: UNSCR 713,[17] UNSCR 757,[18] UNSCR 787 [19] UNSCR 820,[20] and UNSCR 943.[21] Resolution 787 authorized states to "use such measures ... as may be necessary ... to halt all inward and outward maritime shipping ... to insure strict implementation of" the arms embargo and economic sanctions against the former Yugoslavia.[22][23]
Over the course of the operation, it was redefined due to UNSCR 1021 [24] and UNSCR 1022.[25]
Select ships participating
- Simpson (FFG-56) 1994–2009
- F210 Emden (1979) of the German Navy
- F-74 Asturias of the Spanish Navy
- HMS Nottingham of the British Navy[26]
- HMS Campbeltown of the British Navy[27]
See also
References
External links
- Complete list and text of all resolutions
- UN Security Council Official Website including full text of all resolutions
- NATO Regional HQ Allied Forces Southern Europe Fact Sheet on Operation SHARP GUARD
- Update on SHARP GUARD - December 1995
- General Frame Work Agreement
- Evolution of the Conflict NATO Handbook
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