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* [[Yves Dreyfus]], French fencer (épée), French champion<ref name="google1"/>
* [[Yves Dreyfus]], French fencer (épée), French champion<ref name="google1"/>
* [[Ilona Elek]], Hungarian fencer (saber), 2-time Olympic champion<ref name="google1"/>
* [[Ilona Elek]], Hungarian fencer (saber), 2-time Olympic champion<ref name="google1"/>
* [[Boaz Ellis]], [[Israelis|Israeli]] fencer (foil), 5-time Israeli champion
* [[Boaz Ellis]], [[Israelis|Israeli]] fencer (foil), 5-time Israeli champion[http://books.google.com/books?id=aOTWUl-9LQoC&pg=PA80&lpg=PA80&dq=boaz+ellis+jewish&source=bl&ots=M_vhbja8KB&sig=_G5H1wMqXFCJApMqwHlfrt5TsOQ&hl=en&ei=NpD8S861AcG78gbl7pm9Bg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CCIQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false]
* [[Sándor Erdös]], Hungarian fencer (épée), Olympic champion
* [[Sándor Erdös]], Hungarian fencer (épée), Olympic champion[http://www.jewishsports.net/medalists.htm]
* [[Siegfried Flesch]], Austrian fencer (sabre)<ref name="google1"/>
* [[Siegfried Flesch]], Austrian fencer (sabre)<ref name="google1"/>
* [[Dezsö Földes]], Hungarian fencer (saber), 2-time Olympic champion<ref name="google1"/>
* [[Dezsö Földes]], Hungarian fencer (saber), 2-time Olympic champion<ref name="google1"/>
Line 417: Line 417:
* [[Alexandre Lippmann]], French fencer (épée), 2-time Olympic champion<ref name="google2"/>
* [[Alexandre Lippmann]], French fencer (épée), 2-time Olympic champion<ref name="google2"/>
* [[Helene Mayer]], German & U.S. fencer (foil), Olympic champion<ref name="google1"/>
* [[Helene Mayer]], German & U.S. fencer (foil), Olympic champion<ref name="google1"/>
* [[Maria Mazina]], Russian fencer (épée), Olympic champion
* [[Maria Mazina]], Russian fencer (épée), Olympic champion[http://www.jewishsports.net/medalists.htm]
* [[Mark Midler]], [[Soviet]] fencer (foil), 2-time Olympic champion<ref name="google2"/>
* [[Mark Midler]], [[Soviet]] fencer (foil), 2-time Olympic champion<ref name="google2"/>
* [[Armand Mouyal]], French fencer (épée), world champion<ref name="google2"/>
* [[Armand Mouyal]], French fencer (épée), world champion<ref name="google2"/>
Line 429: Line 429:
* [[Mark Rakita]], Soviet fencer (saber), 2-time Olympic champion<ref name="google2"/>
* [[Mark Rakita]], Soviet fencer (saber), 2-time Olympic champion<ref name="google2"/>
* [[Yakov Rylsky]], Soviet fencer (saber), Olympic champion<ref name="google1"/>
* [[Yakov Rylsky]], Soviet fencer (saber), Olympic champion<ref name="google1"/>
* [[Gaston Salmon]], Belgian fencer (épée), Olympic champion
* [[Gaston Salmon]], Belgian fencer (épée), Olympic champion[http://www.jewishsports.net/medalists.htm]
* [[Zoltán Ozoray Schenker]], Hungarian fencer (saber), Olympic champion
* [[Zoltán Ozoray Schenker]], Hungarian fencer (saber), Olympic champion
* [[Edgar Seligman]], British fencer (épée, foil, and sabre), 2-time British champion in each weapon
* [[Edgar Seligman]], British fencer (épée, foil, and sabre), 2-time British champion in each weapon[http://www.jewishsports.net/medalists.htm]
* [[Andre Spitzer]], Israeli fencer; killed by terrorist
* [[Andre Spitzer]], Israeli fencer; killed by terrorists
* [[Jean Stern]], French fencer (épée), Olympic champion
* [[Jean Stern]], French fencer (épée), Olympic champion[http://www.jewishsports.net/medalists.htm]
* [[Soren Thompson]], U.S. fencer (épée), NCAA champion
* [[Soren Thompson]], U.S. fencer (épée), NCAA champion
* [[Jonathan Tiomkin]], U.S. fencer (foil), 2-time U.S. champion<ref name="jewishvirtuallibrary3"/>
* [[Jonathan Tiomkin]], U.S. fencer (foil), 2-time U.S. champion<ref name="jewishvirtuallibrary3"/>

Revision as of 03:13, 26 May 2010

Jews in sports refers to athletes of Jewish heritage who have attained outstanding achievements in sports. The criteria for inclusion in this list are: a) 1–3 places winners at major international tournaments; b) for team sports, winning in preliminary competitions of finals at major international tournaments, or playing for several seasons for clubs of major national leagues; or c) owners of world records. Bolding denotes current competitor.

The topic of Jewish participation in sports is discussed extensively in academic and popular literature, in part because of its relevance to the common stereotype of Jews as non-athletic, and also because of the perceived role of sports as a historical avenue for Jewish people to overcome obstacles toward their participation in secular society (especially in Europe and the United States).[1]

See also: List of Jewish American sportspeople

Athletes

A baseball player standing at first base with his glove, wearing a red jersey with the word "Astros" in front
Brad Ausmus, catcher for
the Los Angeles Dodgers

Baseball

Ryan Braun, left fielder for
the Milwaukee Brewers
Ike Davis, first baseman for
the New York Mets
Ian Kinsler, second baseman for
the Texas Rangers
Kevin Youkilis, first baseman for
the Boston Red Sox

Basketball

Omri Casspi
Jordan Farmar
Jon Scheyer

Boxing

Yuri Foreman
Zab Judah

Canoeing

Chess

Cricket

Fencing

Field Hockey

Figure skating

Benjamin Agosto
Sasha Cohen
Sarah Hughes
Irina Slutskaya

Football (American)

David Binn
Lennie Friedman
Taylor Mays
File:Igor olshansky.JPG
Igor Olshansky

Football (Association; Soccer)

Main article: List of Jewish footballers
Yossi Benayoun
Daniël de Ridder

Football (Australian Rules)

Golf

Morgan Pressel

Gymnastics

Ice hockey

Michael Cammalleri
Michael Henrich
Eric Nystrom

Judo

Mixed martial arts

  • Adam Brozer, U.S. Olympic Karate Team member
  • Rory Singer, fighter from The Ultimate Fighter 3[95]

Motorsport

Albert Rosenfeld

Rugby League

Rugby Union

See also: Rugby union at the Maccabiah Games
Gal Fridman

Sailing

Speed Skating

  • Irving Jaffee, U.S. Speed Skater, Olympic champion[6]
  • Rafael Grach, USSR Speed Skater, 2 Olympic medals

Swimming

Jason Lezak
Dara Torres

Table tennis

Tennis

Stéphanie Cohen-Aloro
Jonathan Erlich
Jesse Levine
Shahar Pe'er
Dudi Sela

Track and field

File:HaroldA.jpg
Harold Abrahams

Triathlon

Volleyball

Andrzej Szewiński

Water Polo

Weightlifting

Wrestling

Professional wrestling

Commissioners, managers/coaches, and owners

Roman Abramovich

Sportscasters & promoters

See also

References

Footnotes

  1. ^ See, for example: Encyclopedia of Jews in Sports by Bernard Postal, Jesse Silver, Roy Silver (1965); Great Jews in Sports by Robert Slater (2003), ISBN 0824604539; Emancipation Through Muscles: Jews and Sports in Europe by Michael Brenner, Gideon Reuveni (2006), ISBN 0803213557; Jews, Sports, and the Rites of Citizenship ed. Jack Kugelmass (2007), ISBN 025207324X; Ellis Island to Ebbets Field: Sport and the American Jewish Experience by Peter Levine (1993) ISBN 0195085558; Judaism's Encounter with American Sports by Jeffrey S. Gurock (2005) ISBN 0253347009.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd Jewish Baseball Players, Baseball Almanac website. Retrieved May 20, 2010
  3. ^ "The Big Book of Jewish Baseball: An ... – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
  4. ^ Blomberg – [1] "Ron Blomberg... Big, hulking Jewish kid from Atlanta."
  5. ^ "The Official Site of The Milwaukee Brewers: Team: Player Information". Mlb.mlb.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk "Jewish sports legends: the ... – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  7. ^ "Everybody likes Ike, now and forever | SNY.tv: News". Web.sny.tv. April 26, 2010. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
  8. ^ Bernard Postal, Jesse Silver, Roy Silver, Encyclopedia of Jews in Sports, Bloch Publishing Co., 1965
  9. ^ a b "Jewish Major Leaguers". Jewish Major Leaguers. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  10. ^ Published: Wednesday, December 29, 2004 11:44 AM EST (December 29, 2004). ":: Welcome To The Jewish Ledger ::". Jewishledger.com. Retrieved May 24, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ "Bases loaded, with Jewish ballplayers! – The Boston Globe". Boston.com. August 31, 2009. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
  12. ^ "'Rabbi' wants to be known for his talent". Sfgate.com. June 20, 2008. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
  13. ^ "j. – Celebrity Jews". Jewishsf.com. May 19, 2006. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  14. ^ Shpigel, Ben (February 22, 2007). "His Father May Write About It, but Newhan Plays the Game". The New York Times. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  15. ^ "Great Jews in Sports – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
  16. ^ "Pitchers Top List of Players Who Look Ready for Prime Time – Los Angeles Times". Articles.latimes.com. March 9, 2000. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
  17. ^ a b Obituary, Jewish Chronicle, January 19, 2007 p.45
  18. ^ "Sue Bird – Hoopedia". Hoopedia.nba.com. October 16, 1980. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  19. ^ "American Hoops: U.S. Men's Olympic ... – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  20. ^ [2] "Jewish shooting star aims to make his mark in NBA... Bluthenthal's late mother was Jewish and his father is black — the family name Bluthenthal originated with a slave owner David Bluthenthal believes was German-Jewish."
  21. ^ a b "Jews (and Mel) on the big screen, Winter sports roundup | j. the Jewish news weekly of Northern California". Jweekly.com. January 21, 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  22. ^ "Maryland Athletics – University of Maryland Official Athletic Site – Women's Basketball". Umterps.com. May 10, 2007. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  23. ^ "Day by day in Jewish sports history – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  24. ^ [3] "Bruin fans call him the Jewish Jordan...He's a real, live Jewish kid from the heart of Los Angeles, whose step-father is Israeli and has visited Israel twice" [4]
  25. ^ a b c "Jews in Sports: Basketball". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Jewish Sports Hall of Fame". Jewishsports.org. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  27. ^ "Washington University Athletics". Bearsports.wustl.edu. May 6, 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  28. ^ a b c "The Big Book of Jewish Sports Heros ... – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  29. ^ a b c d e f Dresner, Stacey (November 17, 2006). "Conversation with Manny Leibert". Connecticut Jewish Ledger. p. 2. Retrieved November 17, 2006. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  30. ^ a b c d e "The Jewish boxers hall of fame – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  31. ^ a b Gray, Geoffrey (December 27, 2003). "BOXING – BOXING – Jewish Boxers Are Looking to Make a Comeback". NYTimes.com. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  32. ^ "Judah, Zab "Super" : Jews In Sports @ Virtual Museum". Jewsinsports.org. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  33. ^ ""An Exclusive Interview with Yoel Judah"... by Saratogamist". BraggingRightsCorner.com. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  34. ^ a b c d e f g h "Elected Members of the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame". Jewishsports.net. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  35. ^ a b "Jews in Sports: Boxing". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  36. ^ a b "Jews in Sports: Chess". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "The Jewish Chronicle – Six-hitting Springboks put to the test". Website.thejc.com. June 19, 2008. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
  38. ^ "Jews in Sports: Cricket". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  39. ^ "Maccabi NSW". Maccabi.com.au. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  40. ^ Dwivedi, Sandeep (July 28, 2009). "Indian cricketers strike silver at Jewish Olympics, little Moshe first to get a feel". Indian Express. Retrieved August 22, 2009.
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "Jews and the Olympic Games: the ... – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Jewish sports legends: the ... – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
  43. ^ "Jewish Budapest: monuments, rites ... – Google Books". Books.google.com. November 4, 1944. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
  44. ^ a b c d e "Jews in Sports: Fencing & Equestrian". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  45. ^ http://www.google.com/search?num=100&hl=en&rls=com.microsoft%3Aen-US&q=Alain+Calmat+jewish
  46. ^ [5] "2006 Jewish-American Olympians to watch for... Ice skater Sasha Cohen" [6] [7]
  47. ^ Elfman, Lois (December 8, 2004). "'''Galler-Rabinowitz'''". Jewishledger.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  48. ^ [8] "2006 Jewish-American Olympians to watch for in Turin... Melissa Gregory" [9] "Gregory is the daughter of a Jewish mother and a non-practicing Catholic father. She now lives in Connecticut to train and Gregory recently spoke to the Connecticut Jewish Ledger about her religious background: "We [my brother and I] were brought up with the feeling that you have to believe in G-d. You have to believe in right and wrong. The rest they kind of left up to us. We celebrated everything-Christmas, Hanukkah, all the Jewish holidays, Easter. They taught us both traditions. Then when we got older they said whatever we chose and whatever we wanted was good with them. I identify that my heritage is Jewish. I feel proud of it.""
  49. ^ [10] "Emily Hughes — whose sister Sarah won the 2002 Olympic gold medal in women's figure skating — also is Jewish."
  50. ^ [11][dead link] "16-year-old Sarah Hughes has a Jewish mother, Amy Hughes née Pasternack, and reportedly grew up in a house with some attachment to Judaism. But odds are you didn't read about it in your local Jewish paper."]
  51. ^ [12] "2006 Jewish-American Olympians to watch for in Turin! Ice dancer Jamie Silverstein"
  52. ^ a b c d "Blog Archives » SAN FRANCISCO 49ERS SELECT JEWISH SAFETY TAYLOR MAYS". San Francisco Sentinel. April 30, 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  53. ^ "Bernstein, Alex : Jews In Sports @ Virtual Museum". Jewsinsports.org. August 11, 1975. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  54. ^ a b c "Pigskin Hebrews, 2009 edition, New flicks, More new TV Jews | j. the Jewish news weekly of Northern California". Jweekly.com. September 24, 2009. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  55. ^ a b c d e f g "Jews in Sports: Football". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  56. ^ "Day by day in Jewish sports history – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  57. ^ "Jewish sports legends – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  58. ^ "Day by day in Jewish sports history – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  59. ^ "Day by day in Jewish sports history – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  60. ^ "Jewish QB Commits to Notre Dame – Chicago Sun-Times". Highbeam.com. January 25, 1994. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  61. ^ "Day by day in Jewish sports history – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  62. ^ Freedman, Samuel G. (February 5, 2010). "On Religion – An Offensive Tackle Named Shlomo". Los Angeles (Calif): NYTimes.com. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  63. ^ Weinstein, Simcha (July 16, 2009). "New Jersey participants in Maccabiah Games". New Jersey Jewish News. Retrieved November 13, 2009.
  64. ^ a b c d "Jews in Sports: Soccer Table of Contents". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  65. ^ Harush, Moshe. "Awat sparks storm with decision to play on Yom Kippur". Ha'aretz. Retrieved July 4, 2008. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  66. ^ Spunder, Or (January 24, 2008). "הקשר ג'ונתן אסוס מועמד למכבי ת"א" (in Hebrew). One.co.il. Retrieved January 28, 2008. קשרה היהודי/צרפתי של ראים מהליגה ה-2 בצרפת עשוי להגיע להתרשמות במכבי. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  67. ^ Bornstein – named as on "Jewish Sports Review Men's All-America First-Team" at [13]; [14] ""It was amazing. It was great. I loved it. It made me realize how fulfilling and enriched Jewish culture really is", Bornstein said. "So in the past couple years, I've felt more Jewish than ever." His father is Jewish and his mother is a non-Jew from Mexico. Grew up celebrating Passover and Rosh Hashanah with relatives. Did not have a bar mitzvah, and doesn't consider himself observant. The Maccabiah experience was a way for him to connect with Judaism."
  68. ^ McNulty, Dean. "TFC trying to get off schneid". Toronto Sun. Retrieved July 4, 2008. Adam Braz won't be playing because he'll be at home in Montreal observing the Jewish high holiday (Yom Kippur) with his family {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  69. ^ "Ben Cohen". www.somethingjewish.co.uk. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  70. ^ Feilhaber – [15] "Outside of my UCLA teammate Benny Feilhaber, I never really thought there were other high-class Jewish soccer players out there"
  71. ^ "Socceroo B Matches 1967". Ozfootball.net. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  72. ^ "דיווחים בצרפת: מכבי ת"א מעוניינת ברודי חדד" (in Hebrew). One.co.il. July 7, 2007. Retrieved July 7, 2007. האם הקשר היהודי, רודי חדד, בדרך למכבי תל-אביב? {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  73. ^ Bell, Jack (September 20, 2005). "German Federation Admits to Nazi Past". The New York Times. Retrieved July 5, 2008. The book also details how thousands of German Jews were forced out of all levels of soccer. Some, including the national team player Julius Hirsch, were murdered by the Nazis. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  74. ^ a b Rowland, Paul (April 10, 2007). "Bluebirds' star first British Jew footballer for 25 years". WalesOnline.co.uk. Retrieved July 4, 2008. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  75. ^ Bar Dayan, Shirley (July 18, 2006). "קאלה טברטקו מגלה: "סבתא שלי יהודיה"" (in Hebrew). Sport 5. Retrieved July 4, 2008. אני אמנם נוצרי אבל סבתא שלי יהודיה, מהצד של אימא שלי {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  76. ^ Baram, Sagiv (June 13, 2007). "המסורת היהודית" (in Hebrew). Walla!. Retrieved June 30, 2008. לפני כשנתיים הגיע לארץ שחקן יהודי ארגנטינאי בשם לוקאס לישט (בתקשורת קראו לו אז ליכט). {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  77. ^ Spunder, Or (July 5, 2008). "מכבי תל אביב פנתה רשמית למרסלו ליפאטין" (in Hebrew). One.co.il. Retrieved July 5, 2008. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  78. ^ Peshkhatzki, Motti (June 9, 2006). "דינמו קייב לבית"ר: 220 אלף דולר על אנדריי אוברמקו" (in Hebrew). Retrieved July 6, 2008. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  79. ^ Brumbaugh, Mark. "Charlie Reiter Named To Jewish Sports Review All-America Team". DavidsonWildcats.com. Retrieved April 18, 2010.
  80. ^ [16] de Ridder – "he netted a Ajax's only goal in the Champions League game at Maccabi Tel Aviv, which Ajax lost in dramatic fashion. That fixture was a special one for De Ridder, who is Jewish and has an Israeli mother."
  81. ^ Baram, Sagiv (June 13, 2007). "המסורת היהודית" (in Hebrew). Walla!. Retrieved June 30, 2008. כדורגלן יהודי עם רזומה יחסית מרשים שכן הגיע לישראל הוא ניקולס טאובר {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  82. ^ Tuchman, Yaniv (November 19, 2009). "אל אל נתנאל". Ma'ariv (in Hebrew). NRG.co.il. Retrieved April 20, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  83. ^ Browne, Ashley (August 9, 2009). "Goldstein stars for Kangaroos". Australian Jewish News. Retrieved August 10, 2009.
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  91. ^ [17] "Nystrom is the highest Jewish draft pick in NHL draft history"
  92. ^ [18][dead link]: "Jewish skaters vie for spots in the NHL"
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  94. ^ a b "Jews in Sports: Judo & Taekwondo". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  95. ^ {http://www.ufc.com/index.cfm?fa=news.detail&gid=2792&pid=455}
  96. ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "Sheila's upbringing in an all-girl Jewish family generated no interest in motoring beyond her training as a Women's Auxiliary Air Force driver."
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  102. ^ a b c d e f g "Rugby – MAIG". Maccabiusa.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
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  105. ^ "The clash of the two Stades | Rugby Union | French Top 14 | Rugby Rewind to". Scrum.com. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
  106. ^ "Stuart Krohn | Rugby Union | Players and Officials". Scrum.com. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
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  108. ^ "Bullimore's sister buoyed by rabbis' support", Jewish Chronicle January 24, 1997 p.1
  109. ^ "Jews in Sports: Sailing". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
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  111. ^ "Mark Mendelblatt". Ussailing.org. February 19, 1973. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  112. ^ a b c d e f g "Jews in Sports: Swimming". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  113. ^ Spitz -, following Michael Phelps [19] "Spitz became the first Jewish recipient of the James E. Sullivan Award."
  114. ^ a b "Jews in Sports: Table Tennis". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  115. ^ a b c "Jews in Sports: Tennis Table of Contents". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  116. ^ a b "The A-Z Guide To Jewish Grand Slam Champions". TennisGrandstand. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
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  118. ^ [20] ""He knows he's Jewish and the values are there with him", said Clark Goldstein, Paul's father."
  119. ^ a b c Blas, Howard (August 27, 2008). ":: Welcome To The Jewish Ledger ::". Jewishledger.com. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
  120. ^ [21][dead link], sprinter, Olympic champion
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  122. ^ The Jewish Chronicle[dead link]
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  124. ^ "Bozzone and Zeiger win in Clearwater". IRONMAN.com. November 8, 2008. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  125. ^ "Jewish Sports Hall of Fame". Jewishsports.org. March 25, 2001. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  126. ^ "Jews in Sports: Volleyball". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  127. ^ "Jewish sports legends: the ... - Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  128. ^ a b c d Handler, Judd "The Hebrew Hulk[dead link]", San Diego Jewish Journal
  129. ^ Paul Farhi, "Goldberg: A David in Goliath's Shoes", Washington Post, December 9, 1999.
  130. ^ a b "Floridian: A wrestling dynasty". Sptimes.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  131. ^ "Historical View". Jewishsports.net. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  132. ^ "Hart, Cecil "Cece" : Jews In Sports @ Virtual Museum". Jewsinsports.org. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  133. ^ "Letter From Cape Town | The Jewish Chronicle". Thejc.com. September 23, 2009. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  134. ^ "Jews in the NFL". Jewishsports.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  135. ^ Robert David Jaffee, "Jamie McCourt Proves She’s an Artful Dodger President," The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles, July 19, 2006
  136. ^ "Pleat, David : Jews In Sports @ Virtual Museum". Jewsinsports.org. January 15, 1945. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  137. ^ Wilf – [22][dead link] "The team's owner, Zygi Wilf, an Orthodox Jew ..."
  138. ^ The Observer (London); 18/12/05; p. 6
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