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==England: 1992–2003==
==England: 1992–2003==
El-Faisal was sent to the [[United Kingdom]] to preach by Sheikh Raji, and returned to the UK in 1991, married a British [[biology]] graduate (Zubeida Khan) in 1992, and began preaching to crowds of up to 500 people at the [[Brixton Mosque]] and at Brixton Town Hall.<ref name=royal/><ref name = "Telegraph07">{{cite web
El-Faisal was sent to the [[United Kingdom]] to preach by Sheikh Raji, and returned to the UK in 1991, married a British [[biology]] graduate (Zubeida Khan) in 1992, and began preaching to crowds of up to 500 people at the [[Brixton Mosque]] in [[South London]] and at Brixton Town Hall.<ref name=royal/><ref name = "Telegraph07">{{cite web
| url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/25/npreach125.xml
| url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/25/npreach125.xml
| title = 7 July preacher Abdullah El-Faisal deported
| title = 7 July preacher Abdullah El-Faisal deported | accessdate = 23 December 2007
| last = Johnston | first = Philip | date = 27 May 2007 | publisher = ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''}}</ref><ref>[http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070722/int/int3.html Williams, Paul H., "Shaik el-Faisal’s wife speaks out", ''Jamaica Gleaner'', 22 July 2007, accessed 10 January 2010]</ref> El-Faisal was ultimately outsted from the Brixton Mosque by its [[Salafi]] administration in 1993. Afterward, he gave a lecture he called ''The Devil's Deception of the Saudi Salafis'', scorning the [[Salafi]] Muslims, (especially the members of the Brixton Mosque), calling them hypocrites and apostates ([[takfir]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BF0sI6xgh-M&mode=related&search= |title=Video of lecture 'The Devil's Deception of the Saudi Salafis'}} Tape recordings of his lectures were also sold at Islamic bookshops.</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6691701.stm "Race hate cleric Faisal deported," ''BBC News'', 25 May 2007, accessed 6 January 2009]</ref> According to his own testimony, he left the Brixton area in 1993.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.salafimanhaj.com/pdf/SalafiManhaj_Deception.pdf |format=PDF|title=Critical Study of the Beliefs and Statements of Abdullah Faisal}}</ref> In a lecture in the late 1990s entitled ''The Devil's Deception of the 21st Century House Niggers'' he declares the African-American Salafi preacher [[Abu Usamah]] an apostate, and calls for his assassination.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.haqunspun.com/product_info.php?products_id=295|title=The Devil's Deception of the 21st Century House Niggers}}</ref> He also called on Muslim mothers to raise their children to be ''jihad'' soldiers by the age of 15.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=GkDF7K2hGSwC&pg=PA202&dq=Abdullah+el-Faisal&lr=lang_en&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=100&as_brr=3&client=firefox-a&cd=6#v=onepage&q=Abdullah%20el-Faisal&f=false ''The fallacy of mother's wisdom: a critical perspective on health psychology'', p. 202, Michael Myslobodsky, World Scientific, 2004, ISBN 9812384588, 9789812384584, accessed 9 January 2010]</ref>
| accessdate = 23 December 2007

| last = Johnston
Referred to as "[[Sheikh]]" by his followers,<ref name = "BBC03">{{cite web
| first = Philip
⚫
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2829059.stm | title = Hate preaching cleric jailed
| date = 27 May 2007
⚫
| accessdate = 23 December 2007 | date = 7 March 2003 | publisher = ''[[BBC News]]''}}</ref> el-Faisal travelled and lectured to audiences of predominantly young Muslim males in mosques in [[Birmingham]], London, and [[Dewsbury]] in [[West Yorkshire]], and in [[Manchester]], [[Worthing]], [[Bournemouth]], [[Cardiff]], [[Swansea]], and elsewhere in the United Kingdom.<ref name=royal/><ref name = "Guardian" /> Some of the lectures were taped and sold at a number of specialist bookshops, including one entitled "The Devil's deception of 21st Century House Niggers".<ref name=royal/><ref name = "Guardian"/><ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=qx_0O9gDEVkC&pg=PA180|title=The New Frontiers of Jihad: Radical Islam in Europe|author=Pargeter, Alison Pargeter|publisher=Univ of Pennsylvania Press|date=|access 2008|page=180| date=2008 }}</ref> El-Faisal also lectured in [[Nigeria]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2007}}<!--(see {{google video|2668560761490749816|Undercover Mosque}})]] -->It is the content of those taped lectures that served as the basis for his later trial and conviction.<ref name=royal/> He also called on Muslim mothers to raise their children to be ''jihad'' soldiers by the age of 15.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=GkDF7K2hGSwC&pg=PA202&dq=Abdullah+el-Faisal&lr=lang_en&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=100&as_brr=3&client=firefox-a&cd=6#v=onepage&q=Abdullah%20el-Faisal&f=false ''The fallacy of mother's wisdom: a critical perspective on health psychology'', p. 202, Michael Myslobodsky, World Scientific, 2004, ISBN 9812384588, 9789812384584, accessed 9 January 2010]</ref>
| publisher = ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''}}</ref><ref>[http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070722/int/int3.html Williams, Paul H., "Shaik el-Faisal’s wife speaks out", ''Jamaica Gleaner'', 22 July 2007, accessed 10 January 2010]</ref> In 1993, el-Faisal was ejected by Brixton Mosque's Salafi administration who objected to his radical preaching.<ref>{{cite book|editors= M. R. Haberfeld, Agostino von Hassell |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=uvVqrhVDtp0C&pg=PT256|page= |title=A New Understanding of Terrorism: Case Studies, Trajectories and Lessons Learned|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781441901149 |page=243|year=2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.edmontonsun.com/news/2010/01/10/12412996.html |title=Radical Jamaican-born Muslim cleric returns to Kenya after his deportation fails|newspaper=Edmonton Sun |publisher=www.edmontonsun.com |accessdate=2010-01-16| author= Odula,Tom | date=10 January 2010, 4:02pm }}</ref> Referred to as "[[Sheikh]]" by his followers,<ref name = "BBC03">{{cite web
⚫
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2829059.stm
| title = Hate preaching cleric jailed
| accessdate = 23 December 2007
| date = 7 March 2003
⚫
| publisher = ''[[BBC News]]''}}</ref> el-Faisal travelled and lectured to audiences of predominantly young Muslim males in mosques in [[Birmingham]], London, and [[Dewsbury]] in [[West Yorkshire]], and in [[Manchester]], [[Worthing]], [[Bournemouth]], [[Cardiff]], [[Swansea]], and elsewhere in the United Kingdom.<ref name=royal/><ref name = "Guardian" /> Some of the lectures were taped and sold at a number of specialist bookshops, including one entitled "The Devil's deception of 21st Century House Niggers".<ref name=royal/><ref name = "Guardian"/><ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=qx_0O9gDEVkC&pg=PA180|title=The New Frontiers of Jihad: Radical Islam in Europe|author=Pargeter, Alison Pargeter|publisher=Univ of Pennsylvania Press|date=|access 2008|page=180| date=2008 }}</ref> El-Faisal also lectured in [[Nigeria]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2007}}
<!--(see {{google video|2668560761490749816|Undercover Mosque}})]] -->It is the content of those taped lectures that served as the basis for his later trial and conviction.<ref name=royal/> He also called on Muslim mothers to raise their children to be ''jihad'' soldiers by the age of 15.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=GkDF7K2hGSwC&pg=PA202&dq=Abdullah+el-Faisal&lr=lang_en&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=100&as_brr=3&client=firefox-a&cd=6#v=onepage&q=Abdullah%20el-Faisal&f=false ''The fallacy of mother's wisdom: a critical perspective on health psychology'', p. 202, Michael Myslobodsky, World Scientific, 2004, ISBN 9812384588, 9789812384584, accessed 9 January 2010]</ref>


In February 2002, El-Faisal's tapes were purchased by an undercover police officer at an Islamic bookshop at 62 [[Brick Lane]] in London and seized under a search warrant at Zam Zam Bookshop at 388 [[Green Street, London|Green Street]] in [[East Ham]] and at his home at 104 Albert Square in [[Stratford, London|Stratford]].<ref name=royal/> He was arrested on 18 February 2002.<ref name=royal/>
In February 2002, El-Faisal's tapes were purchased by an undercover police officer at an Islamic bookshop at 62 [[Brick Lane]] in London and seized under a search warrant at Zam Zam Bookshop at 388 [[Green Street, London|Green Street]] in [[East Ham]] and at his home at 104 Albert Square in [[Stratford, London|Stratford]].<ref name=royal/> He was arrested on 18 February 2002.<ref name=royal/>

Revision as of 09:28, 22 January 2010

Abdullah el-Faisal
Born
Trevor William Forest
StatusReleased (25 May 2007)
NationalityJamaican
Other namesSheikh Faisal and Sheik Faisal
OccupationCleric
SpouseZubeida Khan
Children3
Parent(s)Merlyn Forrest (mother); Lorenzo Forrest (father)
Conviction(s)24 February 2003[1]
Criminal chargeUnder Britain's 1861 Offences Against the Person Act with soliciting the murder of Jews, Americans, Christians, and Hindus, and using threatening words to stir up racial hatred in English- and Arabic-language tapes of speeches to his followers[1]
PenaltyNine years in prison
This article is about the Jamaican Muslim cleric convicted of soliciting murder and inciting hatred. For the Saudi Arabian prince, see Abdullah al Faisal.

Abdullah el-Faisal (born Trevor William Forest, also known as Sheikh Faisal and Sheik Faisal, 1964 (age 59–60), in Saint James Parish, Jamaica) is a radical Muslim cleric who preached in the United Kingdom until he was convicted of stirring up racial hatred and urging his followers to murder Jews, Hindus, Christians, and Americans.[1][2]

El-Faisal was sentenced to nine years in prison, of which he served four years before being deported to Jamaica in 2007.[3][4] He was most recently reported in Africa.[5]

Early life

El-Faisal was born to an evangelical Christian family which belonged to the Salvation Army church, a denomination of the universal Christian Church.[6][7] At age 16, he converted to Islam,[8][9] after being introduced to the religion by a teacher at Maldon High School.[7]

He left Jamaica in 1983 for Guyana where he studied Arabic, and then moved to the UK later in the 1980s.[10][11] El-Faisal studied Islam for seven years at the Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[1][7]

England: 1992–2003

El-Faisal was sent to the United Kingdom to preach by Sheikh Raji, and returned to the UK in 1991, married a British biology graduate (Zubeida Khan) in 1992, and began preaching to crowds of up to 500 people at the Brixton Mosque in South London and at Brixton Town Hall.[1][12][13] El-Faisal was ultimately outsted from the Brixton Mosque by its Salafi administration in 1993. Afterward, he gave a lecture he called The Devil's Deception of the Saudi Salafis, scorning the Salafi Muslims, (especially the members of the Brixton Mosque), calling them hypocrites and apostates (takfir).[14][15] According to his own testimony, he left the Brixton area in 1993.[16] In a lecture in the late 1990s entitled The Devil's Deception of the 21st Century House Niggers he declares the African-American Salafi preacher Abu Usamah an apostate, and calls for his assassination.[17] He also called on Muslim mothers to raise their children to be jihad soldiers by the age of 15.[18]

Referred to as "Sheikh" by his followers,[3] el-Faisal travelled and lectured to audiences of predominantly young Muslim males in mosques in Birmingham, London, and Dewsbury in West Yorkshire, and in Manchester, Worthing, Bournemouth, Cardiff, Swansea, and elsewhere in the United Kingdom.[1][8] Some of the lectures were taped and sold at a number of specialist bookshops, including one entitled "The Devil's deception of 21st Century House Niggers".[1][8][19] El-Faisal also lectured in Nigeria.[citation needed]It is the content of those taped lectures that served as the basis for his later trial and conviction.[1] He also called on Muslim mothers to raise their children to be jihad soldiers by the age of 15.[20]

In February 2002, El-Faisal's tapes were purchased by an undercover police officer at an Islamic bookshop at 62 Brick Lane in London and seized under a search warrant at Zam Zam Bookshop at 388 Green Street in East Ham and at his home at 104 Albert Square in Stratford.[1] He was arrested on 18 February 2002.[1]

Associate
Abu Khabub al-Masri

El-Faisal is an associate of Abu Hamza al-Masri, the Egyptian ousted from the Finsbury Park mosque who is known for preaching against non-Muslims, and who is currently incarcerated in the United Kingdom for various offenses.[21] El Faisal is reportedly a former supporter of Osama bin Laden, and has been linked to al-Qaeda members.[22][23]

Conviction and imprisonment: 2003–07

Conviction

After a four-week trial at the Old Bailey, el-Faisal was found guilty by a jury of six men and six women on 24 February 2003 of: (a) three charges of soliciting the murder of Jews, Americans, Hindus, and Christians; and (b) two charges of using threatening words to stir up racial hatred, in tapes of speeches to his followers.[1]

The prior December, a poll had indicated that 8 per cent of the British Muslims it sampled would support terrorist acts against England.[24] El-Faisal was the first person in more than a century to be convicted under Britain's 1861 Offences Against the Person Act.[25][26]

Taped lectures

In tapes of lectures he had given, he exhorted Muslim women to buy toy guns for their children, to train them for jihad.[1] El-Faisal tried to recruit British schoolboys for terrorist training camps, promising them "seventy-two virgins in paradise" if they died fighting a holy war. El-Faisal said "Those who want to go to Jenna [paradise], it's easy, just kill a Kaffar [unbeliever] ... by killing that Kaffar you have purchased your ticket to paradise."[1] He told audiences to kill Hindus, Jews, and other non-Muslims like "cockroaches".[27]

On one tape, titled "Jihad", he said: "Our methodology is the bullet, not the ballot."[1] In a tape called "Rules of Jihad", thought to have been made before the 9/11 attacks, he said: "You have to learn how to shoot. You have to learn how to fly planes, drive tanks, and you have to learn how to load your guns and to use missiles. You are only allowed to use nuclear weapons in that country which is 100% unbelievers." He encouraged the use of "anything, even chemical weapons", to "exterminate non-believers".[1]

He lectured: "So you go to India, and if you see a Hindu walking down the road you are allowed to kill him and take his money, is that clear?"[1] He also suggested that nuclear power stations could be fueled with the bodies of Hindus, slaughtered for their "oppression" of Muslims in Kashmir.[28] "Jews," el-Faisal said, "should be killed ... as by Hitler." He said: "People with British passports, if you fly into Israel, it is easy. Fly into Israel and do whatever you can. If you die, you are up in paradise. How do you fight a Jew? You kill a Jew. In the case of Hindus, by bombing their businesses."[29]

During the trial, he denied he had intended to incite people to violence. He also testified that he had held Osama Bin Laden in "great respect," but that Bin Laden had "lost the path" since 11 September.[30]

Sentencing and appeal

El-Faisal was sentenced on 7 March 2003 to nine years in prison.[31] He received seven years for soliciting murder, 12 months to run concurrently for using threatening words with intent to stir up racial hatred, and a further two years (to run consecutively) for distributing threatening recordings with intent to stir up racial hatred. Old Bailey judge Peter Beaumont delivered the sentence. He said el-Faisal had "fanned the flames of hostility", and told him: "As the jury found, you not only preached hate, but the words you uttered in those meetings were recorded to reach a wider audience. You urged those who listened and watched to kill those who did not share your faith."[32] The judge suggested that el-Faisal serve at least half his sentence, and then be deported.[33]

On 17 February 2004 el-Faisal lost an appeal of his conviction.[1][34] While in prison, he sought to become a representative of Muslim prisoners, leading demonstrations and hunger strikes, and saying: "if you're a cleric, you have to set an example for other Muslim prisoners to follow, and you're not supposed to crack under pressure".[35] He ended up serving four years.

Followers: 9/11 plotter, Richard Reid, 7/7 and Flight 253 bombers

Prosecutors said he preached to 2001 shoe bomber Richard Reid and 9/11 plotter Zacarias Moussaoui.[28]

7/7 suicide bomber
Mohammad Sidique Khan

In addition, two of the four accused 2005 7/7 suicide bombers, Mohammad Sidique Khan, responsible for the Edgeware Road blast that killed 6 people, and Jamaican-born Briton Germaine Lindsay, responsible for the blast that killed 26 people at King's Cross tube station, were followers of El-Faisal.[36][37] In an interview with the BBC in June 2008, he admitted knowing Germaine Lindsay but insisted he had not radicalized him.[38][39]

In a May 2005 online posting under the name “farouk1986,” Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, the suspected Christmas Day 2009 Flight 253 bomber, referred to El-Faisal, writing: "i thought once they are arrested, no one hears about them for life and the keys to their prison wards are thrown away. That’s what I heard sheikh faisal of UK say (he has also been arrested i heard)."[40]

Parole, deportation, and Africa: May 2007–present

Upon being eligible for parole, el-Faisal was released from prison, deported to Jamaica, and permanently banned from the UK on 25 May 2007.[41] He remains on an international watch list. On his arrival in Jamaica, the Islamic Council of Jamaica banned him from preaching in its mosques.[42]

In June 2008 he was preaching in South Africa.[43] He reportedly traveled by road through Nigeria, Angola, Malawi, Swaziland, Mozambique, Botswana, and Tanzania before entering Kenya.[44][45]

Botswana had deported him on suspicions that he was recruiting and training young Batswana to become suicide bombers, and that he was linked to a since-destroyed training camp outside Lobatse.[46]

Kenya

El-Faisal was allowed entry to Kenya on 24 December 2009, due to a computer error. El-Faisal was arrested in Kenya on New Year's Eve 2009 by anti-terror police as he was leaving a mosque in the town of Mombasa. Authorities said they arrested him because he breached the terms of his tourist visa, which did not allow him to preach. He was initially stuck in Kenya despite attempts to deport him, because of his history of involvement in terrorist activities, because other countries refused to allow him to transit through them. While Jamaica had said it would accept him, and keep a close eye on him, South Africa, the U.K., the U.S., and Tanzania all declined to issue him transit visas that would allow him to connect to flights to Jamaica.[47][48]

He was deported from Kenya on 7 January 2010, which sought to send him to the West African nation of Gambia, which agreed to accept el-Faisal at his request.[5][49] But as he was being transported through Nigeria, Nigerian authorities refused to grant him a transit visa and instead sent him back to Kenya on 10 January 2010. He is now being held in the Jomo Kenyatta International Airport in Nairobi, Kenya.[50][51] The Gambian government has also now indicated it will not grant him entry because of the "bad publicity" surrounding his deportation.[52]

A few hundred Muslim Kenyan protesters attended a street demonstration 8 January 2010, protesting the "unfair" treatment of el-Faisal, chanting "Allahu Akbar".[53] On 15 January Kenyan security forces shot in the air and fired tear gas at hundreds of people in Nairobi, some holding the flag of Somali Islamist terrorist group al Shabaab, protested his detention, and some Kenyans, angry at the protesters, hurled stones at the marchers.[54] The following day at least five people died in demonstrations after Friday prayers at Jamia Mosque.[55][56]

On 18 January, Kenya's foreign minister Moses Wetangula said el-Faisal would be deported to Jamaica on a direct flight within 48 hours.[57] On 20 January a Kenyan prosecutor said he was on a flight to Jamaica.[58]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Judgment in Appeal of Crown v. El-Faisal, Supreme Court of Judicature, Court of Appeal" (PDF). 4 March 2004. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
  2. ^ God's continent: Christianity, Islam, and Europe's religious crisis, p. 226, Philip Jenkins, Oxford University Press US, 2007, ISBN 019531395X, 9780195313956, accessed 9 January 2010
  3. ^ a b "Hate preaching cleric jailed". BBC News. 7 March 2003. Retrieved 23 December 2007. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  4. ^ Armed Forces and Conflict Resolution: Sociological Perspectives, Volume 7 of Contributions to conflict management, peace economics and development, pp. 129-30, Editors Giuseppe Caforio, Gerhard Kümmel, Bandara Purkayastha, Emerald Group Publishing, 2008, ISBN 1848551223, 9781848551220, accessed 9 January 2010
  5. ^ a b "Jamaican Muslim cleric deported from Kenya over security fears". Jamaica Observer. 7 January 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2010]. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  6. ^ "Religions--Christianity:Salvation Army". BBC.com. 30 July 2009. Retrieved 8 January 2010.
  7. ^ a b c Plunkett, Nagra (27 August 2006). "'Terrorist' preacher was a quiet boy - mother". Jamaica Gleaner. Retrieved 23 December 2007. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  8. ^ a b c "Muslim cleric guilty of soliciting murder". Special report: Race in the UK. The Guardian. 4 February 2003. Retrieved 23 December 2007. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  9. ^ Postcolonial melancholia, p. 130, Paul Gilroy, Columbia University Press, 2005, ISBN 0231134541, 9780231134545, accessed 9 January 2010
  10. ^ Brown, Ingrid, "Deported cleric to preach here", Jamaica Observer, 27 May 2007, accessed 9 January 2010
  11. ^ Cummings, Mark, "el-Faisal wants mom to meet wife and kids, says friend", Jamaica Observer, 27 May 2007, accessed 9 January 2010
  12. ^ Johnston, Philip (27 May 2007). "7 July preacher Abdullah El-Faisal deported". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 23 December 2007. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  13. ^ Williams, Paul H., "Shaik el-Faisal’s wife speaks out", Jamaica Gleaner, 22 July 2007, accessed 10 January 2010
  14. ^ "Video of lecture 'The Devil's Deception of the Saudi Salafis'". Tape recordings of his lectures were also sold at Islamic bookshops.
  15. ^ "Race hate cleric Faisal deported," BBC News, 25 May 2007, accessed 6 January 2009
  16. ^ "Critical Study of the Beliefs and Statements of Abdullah Faisal" (PDF).
  17. ^ "The Devil's Deception of the 21st Century House Niggers".
  18. ^ The fallacy of mother's wisdom: a critical perspective on health psychology, p. 202, Michael Myslobodsky, World Scientific, 2004, ISBN 9812384588, 9789812384584, accessed 9 January 2010
  19. ^ Pargeter, Alison Pargeter (2008). The New Frontiers of Jihad: Radical Islam in Europe. Univ of Pennsylvania Press. p. 180. {{cite book}}: Text "access 2008" ignored (help)
  20. ^ The fallacy of mother's wisdom: a critical perspective on health psychology, p. 202, Michael Myslobodsky, World Scientific, 2004, ISBN 9812384588, 9789812384584, accessed 9 January 2010
  21. ^ Dictionary of terrorism, p. 145, John Richard Thackrah, Routledge, 2004, ISBN 0415298202, 9780415298209, accessed 9 January 2009
  22. ^ The Routledge companion to military conflict since 1945, p. 130, John Richard Thackrah, Taylor & Francis, 2008, ISBN 0415363543, 9780415363549, accessed 8 January 2010
  23. ^ New religious movements in the twenty-first century: legal, political, and social challenges in global perspective, p. 28, Phillip Charles Lucas, Thomas Robbins, Routledge, 2004, ISBN 0415965772, 9780415965774, accessed 9 January 2010
  24. ^ Britain since the seventies: politics and society in the consumer age, p. 181, Jeremy Black, Reaktion Books, 2004, ISBN 1861892012, 9781861892010, accessed 8 January 2010
  25. ^ Cummings, Mark, "el-Faisal wants to sell his story to the media, family confirms," Jamaica Observer, 10 June 2007, accessed 9 January 2010
  26. ^ Radical Islam rising: Muslim extremism in the West, pp. 70-71, Quintan Wiktorowicz, Rowman & Littlefield, 2005, ISBN 0742536416, 9780742536418, accessed 8 January 2010
  27. ^ Johnston, Philip, "July 7 preacher Abdullah El-Faisal deported," The Telegraph, 25 May 2007, accessed 21 January 2010
  28. ^ a b Attewill, Fred, "Race hate preacher Faisal deported", The Guardian, 25 May 2007, accessed 6 January 2009
  29. ^ "Mother of J'can mullah says he is welcome home," Jamaica Observer, 8 March 2003, accessed 9 January 2010
  30. ^ Ryan, Margaret, "Cleric preached racist views", BBC News, 24 February 2003, accessed 23 December 2007
  31. ^ Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah, p. 235, Olivier Roy, Columbia University Press, 2006, ISBN 0231134991, 9780231134996, accessed 9 January 2010
  32. ^ Hate preaching cleric jailed," BBC, 7 March 2003, accessed 6 January 2009
  33. ^ Living with Terrorism, p. 105, Steven C. King, AuthorHouse, 2007, ISBN 1434338436, 9781434338433, accessed 9 January 2010
  34. ^ "Jamaican-born Muslim cleric loses appeal in England," Jamaica Observer, 18 February 2004, accessed 9 January 2010
  35. ^ Brandon, James, "The Danger of Prison Radicalization in the West," Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, December 2009, Volume 2, Issue 12, accessed January 11, 2010
  36. ^ Terrorism as crime: from Oklahoma City to Al-Qaeda and beyond, pp. 204-05, Mark S. Hamm, NYU Press, 2007, ISBN 0814736963, 9780814736968, accessed 9 January 2010
  37. ^ A New Understanding of Terrorism: Case Studies, Trajectories and Lessons Learned, p. 243, Editors M. R. Haberfeld, Agostino von Hassell, Springer, 2009, ISBN 1441901140, 9781441901149, accessed 9 January 2010
  38. ^ "BBC Interview with Abdullah Faisal". 20 June 2008. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  39. ^ "BBC Interview with Abdullah Faisal". 20 June 2008. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  40. ^ Schmitt, Eric, and Lipton, Eric, "Focus on Internet Imams as Al Qaeda Recruiters", The New York Times, 31 December 2009, accessed 4 January 2010
  41. ^ "BBC News: Race hate cleric Faisal deported". 25 May 2007. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  42. ^ "Jamaican Muslim cleric back in Kenya prison," Kenya Broadcasting Corporation, 11 January 2010, accessed 18 January 2010
  43. ^ Sandford, Daniel, "Hate preacher 'knew 7/7 bomber'", BBC News, 20 June 2008, accessed 8 January 2009
  44. ^ "Radical Jamaican cleric stuck in Kenya after visa denials," Jamaica Observer, 5 January 2010, accessed 7 January 2010
  45. ^ "Radical Muslim Cleric Refused Entry into Nigeria," Newstime Africa, 11 January 2010, accessed 18 January 2010
  46. ^ Pitse, Reuben, Sunday Standard, 14 January 2010, accessed 18 January 2010
  47. ^ Lawless, Jill, "Radical Cleric Stuck in Kenya After Visa Denials," The New York Times, 5 January 2010, accessed 5 January 2010
  48. ^ "Radical cleric 'in Kenyan jail'", The Press Association, 10 January 2010, accessed 11 January 2010
  49. ^ Pictures: Sheikh Abdullah al-Faisal, the Daily Nation, published and retrieved Jan. 7, 2009.
  50. ^ [1]
  51. ^ Kyama, Reuben, "Airlines Refuse to Transport Radical Cleric", The New York Times, 10 January 2010, accessed 11 January 2010
  52. ^ "Al-Faisal back in Kenyan prison," Jamaica Observer, 12 January 2010, accessed 18 January 2010
  53. ^ Boswell, Alan, "Kenya Unable to Rid Itself of Unwanted Muslim Cleric," Voice of America, 11 January 2010, accessed 18 January 2010
  54. ^ [2]
  55. ^ [3]
  56. ^ [4]
  57. ^ [5]
  58. ^ "Kenya flies radical cleric back to Jamaica", Washington Post, 21 January 2010, accessed 21 January 2010
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