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4 (four) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 3 and preceding 5. It is a square number, the smallest semiprime and composite...

3 (three) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 2 and preceding 4, and is the smallest odd prime number and the only prime...

In statistics, the standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation of a random variable expected about its mean. A low standard deviation indicates...

Statistics (from German: Statistik, orig. "description of a state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis,...

8 (eight) is the natural number following 7 and preceding 9. English eight, from Old English eahta, æhta, Proto-Germanic *ahto is a direct continuation...

A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure, and label. The most basic examples are the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and so forth. Numbers...

9 (nine) is the natural number following 8 and preceding 10. Circa 300 BC, as part of the Brahmi numerals, various Indians wrote a digit 9 similar in shape...

In mathematics, a complex number is an element of a number system that extends the real numbers with a specific element denoted i, called the imaginary...

In probability theory and statistics, variance is the expected value of the squared deviation from the mean of a random variable. The standard deviation...

In mathematics, a function from a set X to a set Y assigns to each element of X exactly one element of Y. The set X is called the domain of the function...

In number theory, Fermat's Last Theorem (sometimes called Fermat's conjecture, especially in older texts) states that no three positive integers a, b,...

Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is the field of cryptographic systems that use pairs of related keys. Each key pair consists of a...

Cryptography, or cryptology (from Ancient Greek: κρυπτός, romanized: kryptós "hidden, secret"; and γράφειν graphein, "to write", or -λογία -logia, "study"...

In probability theory and statistics, the Poisson distribution is a discrete probability distribution that expresses the probability of a given number...

The median of a set of numbers is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution...

A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording and calculating population information about the members of a given population. This term...

A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned...

Four-dimensional space (4D) is the mathematical extension of the concept of three-dimensional space (3D). Three-dimensional space is the simplest possible...

Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria...

In statistical modeling, regression analysis is a set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships between a dependent variable (often called...