運動

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See also: 运动

Chinese

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to move; to transport; to use
to move; to transport; to use; to apply; fortune; luck; fate
 
to move; to change; to use
to move; to change; to use; to act
 
trad. (運動) 運 動
simp. (运动) 运 动
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Etymology

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The modern meaning derives from a Japanese coinage in the nineteenth century, as wasei kango (和製漢語) (Heinrich, 2021).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 運 動
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 云 (35) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 文 (59) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) III I
Fanqie 王問切 徒揔切
Baxter hjunH duwngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɨunH/ /duŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦiunH/ /duŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣiuənH/ /duŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦunH/ /dəwŋX/
Li
Rong 		/ɣiuənH/ /duŋX/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭuənH/ /duŋX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯uənH/ /dʱuŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yùn dòng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wan6 dung6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 運 動
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yùn dòng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hjunH › ‹ duwngX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]ʷər-s/ /*[Cə-m-]tˁoŋʔ/
English turn round, move move

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 運 動
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 7341 17449
Phonetic
component 		軍 重
Rime
group 		文 東
Rime
subdivision 		2 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		運 動
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢuns/ /*doːŋʔ/

Verb

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運動

  1. to exercise; to move about
  2. to get things done by pulling strings

Synonyms

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Noun

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運動

  1. sports; athletics; exercise; game
    球類運動／球类运动  ―  qiúlèi yùndòng  ―  ball games
    運動器材／运动器材 [Hokkien]  ―  ūn-tōng khì-châi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  exercise equipment
  2. (physics) movement; motion
  3. (politics) movement; campaign
    掃盲運動／扫盲运动  ―  sǎománg yùndòng  ―  movement to eliminate illiteracy
    平權運動／平权运动  ―  píngquán yùndòng  ―  equal rights movement

Synonyms

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Adjective

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運動

  1. (biology) motor

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (運動):
  • → Japanese: 運(うん)動(どう) (undō)
  • → Korean: 운동(運動) (undong)

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
運 動
うん
Grade: 3 		どう
Grade: 3
on'yomi

Noun

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運(うん)動(どう) • (undō) 

  1. athletics, exercise
  2. (politics) movement, drive, campaign
  3. (physics) movement

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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See also

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Verb

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運(うん)動(どう)する • (undō suru) intransitive suru (stem 運(うん)動(どう)し (undō shi), past 運(うん)動(どう)した (undō shita))

  1. exercise, work out

Conjugation

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Conjugation of "運動する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 運動し うんどうし undō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 運動し うんどうし undō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 運動する うんどうする undō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 運動する うんどうする undō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 運動すれ うんどうすれ undō sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 運動せよ¹
運動しろ² 		うんどうせよ¹
うんどうしろ² 		undō seyo¹
undō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 運動される うんどうされる undō sareru
Causative 運動させる
運動さす 		うんどうさせる
うんどうさす 		undō saseru
undō sasu
Potential 運動できる うんどうできる undō dekiru
Volitional 運動しよう うんどうしよう undō shiyō
Negative 運動しない うんどうしない undō shinai
Negative continuative 運動せず うんどうせず undō sezu
Formal 運動します うんどうします undō shimasu
Perfective 運動した うんどうした undō shita
Conjunctive 運動して うんどうして undō shite
Hypothetical conditional 運動すれば うんどうすれば undō sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

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References

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  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

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Hanja in this term
運動

Noun

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運動 • (undong) (hangeul 운동)

  1. hanja form? of 운동 (“exercise; physical activity; sport; movement in general”)

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term
運動

Verb

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運動

  1. chữ Hán form of vận động (“to move; to be in motion”).
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