躍

See also: 跃

躍	U+8E8D, 躍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8E8D

← 躌
[U+8E8C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

躎 →
[U+8E8E]

Translingual

Han character

躍 (Kangxi radical 157, 足+14, 21 strokes, cangjie input 口一尸一土 (RMSMG), four-corner 6711₄, composition ⿰𧾷翟)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1235, character 26
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 37955
Dae Jaweon: page 1707, character 40
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3746, character 7
Unihan data for U+8E8D

Chinese

trad.		躍
simp.		跃
alternative forms		䟑 ancient 趯

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 躍
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (翟) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
櫂	*r'eːwɢs
濯	r'eːwɢs, r'eːwɢ
耀	*lewɢs
曜	*lewɢs
燿	*lewɢs
糶	*l̥ʰeːwɢs
粜	*l̥ʰeːwɢs
嬥	l'eːw, l'eːwʔ, l'eːwɢs, r'eːwɢ
藋	*l'eːwɢs
躍	*lewɢ
戳	*r'eːwɢ
擢	*r'eːwɢ
蠗	*r'eːwɢ
鸐	*r'eːwɢ
翟	r'aːwɢ, l'eːwɢ
趯	*l̥ʰeːwɢ
籊	l̥ʰeːwɢ, l'eːwɢ
糴	*l'eːwɢ
䊮	*l'eːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lewɢ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 翟 (OC *r'aːwɢ, *l'eːwɢ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yuè, yào (yue⁴, yao⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄝˋ, ㄧㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): joek⁶ / joek³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yok / chhiok

(Meixian, Guangdong): yog⁵
Eastern Min (BUC): iŏk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): io̍k / ia̍k / chhio̍k / iāu

(Teochew, Peng'im): iag⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuè
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuè
  - Wade–Giles: yüeh⁴
  - Yale: ywè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yueh
  - Palladius: юэ (jue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yào
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yào
  - Wade–Giles: yao⁴
  - Yale: yàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yaw
  - Palladius: яо (jao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑʊ̯⁵¹/

Note: yào - rare colloquial variant.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: joek⁶ / joek³
  - Yale: yeuhk / yeuk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: joek⁹ / joek⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: yêg⁶ / yêg³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːk̚²/, /jœːk̚³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yok / chhiok
  - Hakka Romanization System: iog^ˋ / qiog^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yog⁵ / qiog⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯ok̚²/, /t͡sʰi̯ok̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yok / chhiok
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iog^ˋ / qiog^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yog⁵ / qiog⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯ok̚²/, /t͡sʰi̯ok̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yog⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /iɔk̚¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: iŏk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yoʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: io̍k
  - Tâi-lô: io̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iok
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iak
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iak̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tshio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiok
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɔk̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iāu
  - Tâi-lô: iāu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iau
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iau²²/

Note:

io̍k/ia̍k - literary;
chhio̍k - vernacular;
iāu - common variant.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: iag⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iak
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /iak̚²/

Middle Chinese: yak

Rime
Character	躍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	藥 (107)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以灼切
Baxter	yak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨak̚/
Li Rong	/iak̚/
Wang Li	/jĭak̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	joek⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lewk/

(Zhengzhang): /*lewɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	躍
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuè
Middle Chinese	‹ yak ›
Old Chinese	/*lewk/
English	leap, jump
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	躍
Reading #	1/1
No.	2220
Phonetic component	翟
Rime group	藥
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	藥
Old Chinese	/*lewɢ/

Definitions

躍

to jump; to leap
a surname: Yue

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tì (ti⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tì
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tì
  - Wade–Giles: tʻi⁴
  - Yale: tì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tih
  - Palladius: ти (ti)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi⁵¹/

Definitions

躍

Only used in 躍躍／跃跃 (tìtì).

References

“躍”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	躍
Kyūjitai ^[1]^[2]	躍󠄁 躍+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	躍󠄃 躍+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

躍

(Jōyō kanji)

to dance
to leap; to skip

Readings

From Middle Chinese 躍 (MC yak); compare Mandarin 躍／跃 (yuè):

Go-on: やく (yaku, Jōyō)
Kan-on: やく (yaku, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese; compare Mandarin 躍／跃 (tì):

Go-on: ちゃく (chaku)
Kan-on: てき (teki)

From native Japanese roots:

Kun: おどる (odoru, 躍る, Jōyō)^{←をどる (wodoru, 躍る, historical)}、おどらす (odorasu, 躍らす)^{←をどらす (wodorasu, 躍らす, historical)}、おどらせる (odoraseru, 躍らせる)^{←をどらせる (wodoraseru, 躍らせる, historical)}、おどり (odori, 躍り)^{←をどり (wodori, 躍り, historical)}

Compounds

一躍(いちやく) (ichiyaku)

References

^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2062 (paper), page 1083 (digital)
^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1182 (paper), page 604 (digital)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 躍 (MC yak). Recorded as Middle Korean 약〮 (yák) (Yale: yak) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ja̠k̚]
Phonetic hangul: [약]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

躍

Wikisource

躍 (eumhun 뛸 약 (ttwil yak))

hanja form^? of 약 (“leap”)

Compounds

도약 (跳躍, doyak)
약동 (躍動, yakdong)
약진 (躍進, yakjin)
활약 (活躍, hwaryak)
비약 (飛躍, biyak)
맹활약 (猛活躍, maenghwaryak)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

躍: Hán Việt readings: dược^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
躍: Nôm readings: dược^[1], vược

chữ Hán form of dược (“leap”).

References

[1] Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2062 (paper), page 1083 (digital)

[2] Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1182 (paper), page 604 (digital)

[gdhn-3] 1.0 ^1.1 Trần (2004).

[tvctdhv-4] Trần (1999).

[hvttd-5] Nguyễn (1974).

[tchvtd-6] Thiều Chửu (1942).

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[2]

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