炕

炕	U+7095, 炕 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7095

Translingual

Han character

炕 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 火卜竹弓 (FYHN), four-corner 9081₇, composition ⿰火亢)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 667, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18918
Dae Jaweon: page 1076, character 28
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2193, character 3
Unihan data for U+7095

Chinese

trad.		炕
simp. ^#		炕
alternative forms		匟 “brick bed stove”

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亢) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
笐	kaːŋ, ɡaːŋs
亢	kaːŋ, kʰaːŋs
牨	*kaːŋ
苀	kaːŋ, ɡaːŋ
魧	kaːŋ, ɡaːŋ
迒	kaːŋ, ɡaːŋ
邟	kʰaːŋ, kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
忼	kʰaːŋʔ, qʰaːŋ
骯	kʰaːŋʔ, ɡaːŋʔ, *qaːŋ
抗	kʰaːŋs, ɡaːŋ
炕	kʰaːŋs, qʰaːŋ
伉	*kʰaːŋs
閌	*kʰaːŋs
犺	*kʰaːŋs
蚢	kʰaːŋs, ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ
砊	kʰaːŋs, kʰraːŋ
阬	kʰaːŋs, kʰraːŋ
頏	kʰaːŋs, ɡaːŋ
航	*ɡaːŋ
杭	*ɡaːŋ
沆	ɡaːŋ, ɡaːŋʔ
肮	*ɡaːŋ
吭	ɡaːŋ, ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs
秔	*kraːŋ
坑	*kʰraːŋ
劥	*kʰraːŋ

Etymology 1

Compare Burmese ကင် (kang, “to roast, toast”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kàng (kang⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kong³ / hong³
Jin (Wiktionary): kon³
Eastern Min (BUC): káung
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khòng
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹khaon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kàng
  - Wade–Giles: kʻang⁴
  - Yale: kàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kanq
  - Palladius: кан (kan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kong³ / hong³
  - Yale: kong / hong
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kong³ / hong³
  - Guangdong Romanization: kong³ / hong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔːŋ³³/, /hɔːŋ³³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: kon³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰɒ̃⁴⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: káung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑuŋ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòng
  - Tâi-lô: khòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoxng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹khaon
  - MiniDict: khaon^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹khaan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰɑ̃⁵³/

Middle Chinese: khangH

Rime
Character	炕
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦浪切
Baxter	khangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/kʰɑŋ^H/
Wang Li	/kʰɑŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰɑŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hong³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰaːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	炕
Reading #	1/2
No.	7366
Phonetic component	亢
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	抗
Old Chinese	/*kʰaːŋs/

Definitions

炕

kang; heatable brick bed
(dialectal) to bake or dry by the heat of a fire; to toast
Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to raise; to lift”)

Descendants

→ English: kang

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hāng (hang¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄤ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hang
  - Wade–Giles: hang¹
  - Yale: hāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hang
  - Palladius: хан (xan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɑŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: xang

Rime
Character	炕
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	呼郎切
Baxter	xang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/hɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/xɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/haŋ/
Li Rong	/xɑŋ/
Wang Li	/xɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hong¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qʰaːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	炕
Reading #	2/2
No.	7376
Phonetic component	亢
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	炕
Old Chinese	/*qʰaːŋ/

Definitions

炕

(obsolete) to open

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

炕

(Hyōgai kanji)

the brick-bed in northern China

Readings

On (unclassified): こう (kō)
Kun: あぶる (aburu, 炕る)

Korean

Hanja

炕 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang)

Synonyms

(obsolete) 구돌 (gudol)
구들 (gudeul) (literally "fired or heated stone")
온돌 (溫突, ondol) (literally "warm stone")
바닥난방 (바닥 煖房, badangnanbang): underfloor heating

Vietnamese

Han character

炕: Hán Việt readings: kháng

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