減少

See also: 减少

Chinese

		to lower; to decrease; to reduce to lower; to decrease; to reduce; to subtract; to diminish	young; few; little young; few; little; lack
trad. (減少)		減	少
simp. (减少)		减	少

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiǎnshǎo

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˇ ㄕㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaam² siu²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kám-séu

(Meixian, Guangdong): gam³ sau³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiám-chió / kiám-siáu
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ke-sau₅

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎnshǎo [Phonetic: jiánshǎo]
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ ㄕㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎnshǎo
  - Wade–Giles: chien³-shao³
  - Yale: jyǎn-shǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeanshao
  - Palladius: цзяньшао (czjanʹšao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gaam² siu²
  - Yale: gáam síu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaam² siu²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gam² xiu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːm³⁵ siːu̯³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    減小／减小
    減少／减少
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kám-séu
  - Hakka Romanization System: gam^ˋ seu^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gam³ seu³
  - Sinological IPA: /kam³¹ seu̯³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gam³ sau³
  - Sinological IPA: /kam³¹ sau³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiám-chió
  - Tâi-lô: kiám-tsió
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiafmcioir
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sio⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɤ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sio⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiám-siáu
  - Tâi-lô: kiám-siáu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiafmsiao
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siau⁴¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ke-sau₅
  - MiniDict: ke^去 sau^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ke-sau₂
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ke³³ sɔ⁴⁴/

Verb

減少

to reduce; to decrease; to cut; to minimise
減少痛苦／减少痛苦 ― jiǎnshǎo tòngkǔ ― to reduce suffering

減少損失／减少损失 ― jiǎnshǎo sǔnshī ― to cut one's losses

減少浪費／减少浪费 ― jiǎnshǎo làngfèi ― to reduce waste

減少犯罪／减少犯罪 ― jiǎnshǎo fànzuì ― to reduce crime

減少疲勞／减少疲劳 ― jiǎnshǎo píláo ― to minimise fatigue

減少食量／减少食量 ― jiǎnshǎo shíliàng ― to reduce food intake

減少政府過度監管 [MSC, trad.]
减少政府过度监管 [MSC, simp.]
jiǎnshǎo zhèngfǔ guòdù jiānguǎn [Pinyin]
to reduce excessive government regulations

減少儲蓄，增加消費 [MSC, trad.]
减少储蓄，增加消费 [MSC, simp.]
jiǎnshǎo chǔxù, zēngjiā xiāofèi [Pinyin]
to save less and spend more

Synonyms

edit

削 (literary, or in compounds)
削減／削减 (xuējiǎn)
壓縮／压缩 (yāsuō)
損／损 (sǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
撤 (chè)
收縮／收缩 (shōusuō)
消減／消减 (xiāojiǎn)
減低／减低 (jiǎndī)
減削／减削 (jiǎnxuè)
減損／减损 (jiǎnsǔn)
減縮／减缩 (jiǎnsuō)
減輕／减轻 (jiǎnqīng)
省卻／省却 (shěngquè)
砍 (kǎn)
緊縮／紧缩 (jǐnsuō)
縮減／缩减 (suōjiǎn)
耗
裁 (cái)
裁汰 (cáitài) (literary)
裁減／裁减 (cáijiǎn)
鐫汰／镌汰 (juāntài) (literary)
降低 (jiàngdī)

Antonyms

加多 (jiāduō)
加添 (jiātiān)
添加 (tiānjiā)
增多 (zēngduō)
增加 (zēngjiā)
增添 (zēngtiān)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
減	少
げん Grade: 5	しょう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) げんしょー [gèńshóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɡẽ̞ɰ̃ɕo̞ː]

Noun

減(げん)少(しょう) • (genshō)

reduction, decrease, fall, decline

Verb

減(げん)少(しょう)する • (genshō suru) suru (stem 減(げん)少(しょう)し (genshō shi), past 減(げん)少(しょう)した (genshō shita))

come down, decrease, fall, diminish, lessen, recede, wane

Conjugation

Conjugation of "減少する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	減少し	げんしょうし	genshō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	減少し	げんしょうし	genshō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	減少する	げんしょうする	genshō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	減少する	げんしょうする	genshō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	減少すれ	げんしょうすれ	genshō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	減少せよ¹ 減少しろ²	げんしょうせよ¹ げんしょうしろ²	genshō seyo¹ genshō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	減少される	げんしょうされる	genshō sareru
Causative	減少させる減少さす	げんしょうさせるげんしょうさす	genshō saseru genshō sasu
Potential	減少できる	げんしょうできる	genshō dekiru
Volitional	減少しよう	げんしょうしよう	genshō shiyō
Negative	減少しない	げんしょうしない	genshō shinai
Negative continuative	減少せず	げんしょうせず	genshō sezu
Formal	減少します	げんしょうします	genshō shimasu
Perfective	減少した	げんしょうした	genshō shita
Conjunctive	減少して	げんしょうして	genshō shite
Hypothetical conditional	減少すれば	げんしょうすれば	genshō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

減(へ)る (heru)

Antonyms

増(ふ)える (fueru)
増加(ぞうか) (zōka)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
減	少

Verb

減少

chữ Hán form of giảm thiểu.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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