忙

See also: 忘

忙	U+5FD9, 忙 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FD9

← 忘
[U+5FD8]

CJK Unified Ideographs

忚 →
[U+5FDA]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

忙 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 心卜女 (PYV), four-corner 9001₀, composition ⿰忄亡)

Derived characters

𦮝

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 377, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10334
Dae Jaweon: page 703, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2272, character 16
Unihan data for U+5FD9

Chinese

trad.		忙
simp. ^#		忙
alternative forms		芒茫

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亡) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
忙	*maːŋ
芒	maːŋ, maŋ
茫	*maːŋ
恾	*maːŋ
吂	maːŋ, maːŋs
汒	maːŋ, maŋs
朚	maːŋ, hmaːŋ, maŋ, mraːŋ, *mraːŋs
邙	maːŋ, maŋ
杗	maːŋ, maŋ
荒	hmaːŋ, hmaːŋs
肓	*hmaːŋ
衁	*hmaːŋ
巟	*hmaːŋ
詤	hmaːŋ, hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ
慌	hmaːŋ, hmaːŋʔ
謊	*hmaːŋʔ
喪	smaːŋs, smaːŋ
亡	*maŋ
望	maŋ, maŋs
莣	*maŋ
朢	maŋ, maŋs
鋩	*maŋ
硭	*maŋ
忘	maŋ, maŋs
网	*mlaŋʔ
罔	*mlaŋʔ
蛧	*maŋʔ
網	*mlaŋʔ
輞	*maŋʔ
棢	*maŋʔ
惘	*maŋʔ
菵	*maŋʔ
誷	*maŋʔ
魍	*maŋʔ
妄	*maŋs
盲	*mraːŋ
蝱	*mraːŋ
虻	*mraːŋ
氓	*mraːŋ
甿	*mraːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maːŋ) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ). Doublet of 忘 (OC *maŋ, *maŋs).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): máng (mang²)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄤˊ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): мон (mon, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): mong⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): mong⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): mông

(Meixian, Guangdong): mong²
Jin (Wiktionary): mon¹
Northern Min (KCR): mǒ̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): mòng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): morng²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bâng / bông

(Teochew, Peng'im): mang⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶maon
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): man²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: máng
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: máng
  - Wade–Giles: mang²
  - Yale: máng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mang
  - Palladius: ман (man)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɑŋ³⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мон (mon, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɑŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: mong⁴
  - Yale: mòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mong⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔːŋ²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: mong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔŋ³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mông
  - Hakka Romanization System: mong^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /moŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: mong²
  - Sinological IPA: /mɔŋ¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: mon¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /mɒ̃¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mǒ̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mouŋ⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: morng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɒŋ¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bâng / bông
  - Tâi-lô: bâng / bông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: baang, boong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /baŋ²⁴/, /bɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /baŋ²⁴/, /bɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /baŋ¹³/, /bɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /baŋ²⁴/, /bɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /baŋ²³/, /bɔŋ²³/

Note: bâng - vernacular, bông - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶maon
  - MiniDict: maon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³maan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mɑ̃²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: man²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /man¹³/

Middle Chinese: mang

Rime
Character	忙
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫郎切
Baxter	mang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/mɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/mɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maŋ/
Li Rong	/mɑŋ/
Wang Li	/mɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	máng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mong⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*maːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	忙
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	máng
Middle Chinese	‹ mang ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁaŋ/
English	flurried
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	忙
Reading #	1/1
No.	12639
Phonetic component	亡
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	茫
Old Chinese	/*maːŋ/
Notes	同恾方言作茫

Definitions

忙

busy; bustling
你最近忙嗎？／你最近忙吗？ ― Nǐ zuìjìn máng ma? ― Have you been busy lately?
to be busy (with something)
我最近忙著考試。 [MSC, trad.]
我最近忙着考试。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ zuìjìn máng zhe kǎoshì. [Pinyin]
I've been busy with exams as of late.
hurried; rushed; flustered
to hurry; to rush
favor (when used as a component of the separable verb 幫忙)
你能不能幫我一個忙？ [MSC, trad.]
你能不能帮我一个忙？ [MSC, simp.]
Nǐ néng bù néng bāng wǒ yī ge máng? [Pinyin]
Can you do me a favor?
a surname

Synonyms

(busy):

edit

冗忙 (rǒngmáng) (literary)
刺促 (literary)
忙忙 (mángmáng) (literary)
忙碌 (mánglù)
煩忙／烦忙 (fánmáng) (literary)
繁忙 (fánmáng)

Dialectal synonyms of 忙 (“busy”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		忙, 忙碌
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	忙
	Taiwan	忙
	Harbin	忙
	Singapore	忙
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	忙
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	忙
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	忙
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	忙
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	忙
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	忙
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	忙
Cantonese	Guangzhou	唔得閒, 忙
	Hong Kong	唔得閒, 忙
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	唔得閒
	Macau	唔得閒
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	唔得閒
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	忙, 唔得閒
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	唔得閒
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	唔得閒
	Foshan	唔得閒
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	唔得閒
	Foshan (Shunde)	唔得閒
	Foshan (Sanshui)	忙, 唔得閒
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	忙, 唔得閒
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	唔得閒
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	唔得閒
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	唔得閒
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	唔得閒
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	唔得閒
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	唔得閒
	Taishan	唔得閒
	Kaiping (Chikan)	唔得閒
	Enping (Niujiang)	唔得閒
	Heshan (Yayao)	忙, 唔得閒
	Dongguan	唔得閒
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	唔得閒
	Yangjiang	無得閒
	Singapore (Guangfu)	唔得閒, 忙
Gan	Nanchang	忙
Hakka	Meixian	忙, 無閒, 唔閒
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	唔得閒
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	唔得閒
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	唔得閒
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	唔得閒
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	唔閒
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	無閒
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	無閒
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	無閒
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	無閒
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	無閒
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	無閒
Huizhou	Jixi	忙
Jin	Taiyuan	忙
Northern Min	Jian'ou	無工, 忙
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	無閒, 忙
Southern Min	Xiamen	無閒
	Quanzhou	無閒
	Zhangzhou	無閒
	Kaohsiung	無時閒
	Yilan	無閒
	Changhua (Lukang)	無閒
	Taichung	無閒
	Taichung (Wuqi)	無閒
	Tainan	無閒
	Taitung	無閒
	Hsinchu	無閒
	Penghu (Magong)	無閒
	Singapore (Hokkien)	無閒
	Manila (Hokkien)	無閒
	Chaozhou	唔閒
	Jieyang	唔閒
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	唔得閒
Wu	Shanghai	忙
	Suzhou	忙
	Danyang	忙
	Ningbo	忙
	Wenzhou	忙
Xiang	Changsha	忙
Xiang	Shuangfeng	忙

(to be busy with something): 忙碌 (mánglù)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “busy”): 閒／闲 (xián)

Compounds

References

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “忙”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 151.

Japanese

Kanji

忙

(Jōyō kanji)

busy

Readings

Go-on: もう (mō)
Kan-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)
Kun: いそがしい (isogashii, 忙しい, Jōyō)

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

忙 (eumhun 바쁠 망 (bappeul mang))

hanja form^? of 망 (“busy”)

Vietnamese

Han character

忙: Hán Nôm readings: mang

chữ Hán form of mang (“busy”).