史

史 U+53F2, 史 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53F2 ← 叱 [U+53F1] CJK Unified Ideographs 右 → [U+53F3]

Stroke order

史 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中大 (LK), four-corner 5000₆, composition ⿻口乂)

• 㳏, 鉂, 駛(驶), 𫢓, 𫩢, 𡶈, 𣐳, 𥑏, 𭨮, 𧲬, 𩰡, 𪗧, 𫙓, 𮍸, 𭨡, 𪀎, 𨽄, 𩂝, 𣬐, 𭉅, 𪠷, 𭆾
• 𰁈, 𰓐, 𰥶, 𰶽, 𰛘, 𰝓, 𰑗

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 173, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3249
• Dae Jaweon: page 384, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 571, character 2
• Unihan data for U+53F2

simp. and trad.		史
alternative forms		㕜

Pictogram (象形) – 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”) holding a stylized flag almost identical to 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) perhaps to indicate a representative or ambassador (see its variant 吏 used in 使 to mean "ambassador"). As an alternative, it holds either a pen or a hunting weapon resembling similar to 中. Hence, the inner component 中 is partly unclear.

The whole character originally indicates the act of taking notes; today, it means "history". Compare 事.

"to send, to employ, to cause"

Causative derivation of 理 (OC rəʔ) "envoy (Zuo)" , "jail-official" (Guanzi), "marriage go-between", which is perhaps the same word as 理 (OC rəʔ) "to administer" (Schuessler 2007); the sense "scribe, historian" is derived from this.

"scribe, historian"

Possibly from Austroasiatic; Schuessler (2007) compared 理 (OC *rɯʔ), 吏 (OC *rɯs, “official”), 史 (OC *srɯʔ, “scribe, historian”), and 使 (OC *srɯʔ, *srɯs, “ambassador”) to Old Khmer re (“to move, change position”) & its derivatives Old Khmer pre (“to send, order, assign, appoint, delegate, use, employ, make”), in turn related to paṃre (“to serve; service, duty; servant, delegate, representative, minister”); with Sino-Tibetan causative *s- corresponding to Khmer causative *p-.

Alternatively, Unger (1990) and Starostin & Peiros (1996) derived 史 (OC *srɯʔ) "scribe, secretary" from 理 (OC *rɯʔ) "to mark, to draw lines", which, while cognate with Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”), apparently never meant "to write, to record".

史

1. history

   歐洲史／欧洲史  ―  Ōuzhōu shǐ  ―  European history

   近代史  ―  jìndàishǐ  ―  modern history

   史無前例／史无前例  ―  shǐwúqiánlì  ―  unprecedented (literally, “no precedent in history”)

2. (historical) court historian; scribe

   • 動則左史書之，言則右史書之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     动则左史书之，言则右史书之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī. [Pinyin]

     His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.

   • 董狐，古之良史也，書法不隱。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     董狐，古之良史也，书法不隐。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn. [Pinyin]

     Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.

3. historical record; book recording history

   正史  ―  zhèngshǐ  ―  official historical records

   《二十四史》  ―  “èrshísìshǐ”  ―  Twenty-Four Histories

4. a surname

   史可法  ―  Shǐ Kěfǎ  ―  Shi Kefa

Kanji in this term
史
Grade: 5

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. record, recording
2. history

• Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• On: じ (ji)
• Kun: ふひと (fuhito, 史)、ふびと (fubito, 史)、ふみ (fumi, 史)、さかん (sakan)

史(ひろし) • (Hiroshi) 

1. a male given name

From Middle Chinese 史 (MC sriX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᄉᆞᆼ〯 (Yale: sǒ)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1]	ᄉᆞ〯긧〮 (Yale: sǒkúy-s)	ᄉᆞ〯 (Yale: sǒ)

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰa̠(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Wikisource

史 (eumhun 사기(史記) 사 (sagi sa))

1. hanja form^? of 사 (“history”) [noun, suffix]

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

史: Hán Nôm readings: sử

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.