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See also:
U+51AC, 冬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51AC

[U+51AB]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+51AD]

冬 U+2F81A, 冬
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F81A
仌
[U+2F819]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 况
[U+2F81B]

Translingual

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Stroke order
5 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 15, +3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹水卜 (HEY), four-corner 27303, composition (GTJV) or (K))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 131, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1610
  • Dae Jaweon: page 294, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 867, character 19
  • Unihan data for U+51AC

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *tuːŋ) : phonetic (, end) + semantic (day) or (ice).

Bronze script and Chu slip script
Composed of the early form of (“end”, as well phonetic), here represented by Shuowen ancient script , + (day). In bronze script, () was inside . In Chu slip script, () was below ().
Seal script, Qin clerical script and after
Composed of (“end”, as well phonetic) + (ice).

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Possibly related to (OC *tjuŋ, “to end”) (Wang, 1982, Sagart, 2023b). Sagart (ibid.) also proposes cognacy to Chepang त्‍युङ्‌हसा (tyuŋh, at end, be weak, exhausted), द्युमःसा (dyumʔ, at ease after completing work), द्युम्‌सा (dyum, terminate, reach end; to be at end), Jingpho chatum (end, finish), Limbu [script needed] (tum-ma, ripe, mature), Proto-Ao *a-thəm (end, finish).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • dang1 - vernacular;
  • dorng1 - literary.
Note:
  • tang - colloquial;
  • tong - literary.
Note:
  • dang1 - colloquial;
  • dong1 - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /tuŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /tuŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /tuŋ²¹/
Jinan /tuŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /təŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /tuŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /tuŋ²¹/
Xining /tuə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /tuŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /tũn³¹/
Ürümqi /tuŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /toŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /toŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /toŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /toŋ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /toŋ³¹/
Hefei /təŋ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /tuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /tuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /tũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /toŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /toŋ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /toŋ³³/
Wenzhou /toŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /tʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /tan¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /toŋ³³/
Xiangtan /tən³³/
Gan Nanchang /tuŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /tuŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /toŋ⁵³/
Nanning /tuŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /tuŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tɔŋ⁵⁵/
/taŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tøyŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tɔŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /toŋ³³/
/taŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdoŋ²³/
/ʔdaŋ²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (5)
Final () (5)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter towng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tuoŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/tuoŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/toŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tawŋ/
Li
Rong
/toŋ/
Wang
Li
/tuoŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tuoŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
dōng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
dung1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
dōng
Middle
Chinese
‹ towng ›
Old
Chinese
/*tˁuŋ/
English winter

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 2419
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*tuːŋ/

Definitions

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  1. winter
  2. (Cantonese) winter solstice
    [Cantonese]  ―  zou6 dung1 [Jyutping]  ―  to celebrate the winter solstice with a dinner
    大過年大过年 [Cantonese]  ―  dung1 daai6 gwo3 nin4 [Jyutping]  ―  the winter solstice is more important than Chinese New Year
  3. (Southern Min) year
  4. (~日) (telegraphy) the second day of a month
  5. Alternative form of (dōng, bang; thud)
  6. a surname
Synonyms
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See also
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Seasons in Mandarin · 四季 (sìjì, four seasons) (layout · text) · category
(chūn, spring) (xià, summer) (qiū, fall; autumn) (dōng, winter)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see .
(This character is the simplified form of ).
Notes:

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1]

冬
&#x2F81A;
or
+&#xFE00;?
冬󠄀
+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
冬󠄃
+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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(Second grade kyōiku kanjishinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 冬)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
ふゆ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

⟨puyu⟩/ɸuju/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *puyu.

Pronunciation

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  • (Tokyo) [fùyúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ɸɯ̟jɯ̟]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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(ふゆ) (fuyu

  1. winter (season)
    Synonyms: 冬季 (tōki), 冬期 (tōki)
    (ふゆ)(きょう)(ふう)
    Fuyu no Kyōfū
    The Winds of Winter
Derived terms
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Coordinate terms

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Seasons in Japanese · ()() (shiki, four seasons) (layout · text) · category
(はる) (haru, spring)
(しゅん)() (shunki, spring)
(しゅん)() (shunki, spring period)
(なつ) (natsu, summer)
()() (kaki, summer)
()() (kaki, summer period)
(あき) (aki, fall; autumn)
(しゅう)() (shūki, fall; autumn)
(しゅう)() (shūki, fall period)
(ふゆ) (fuyu, winter)
(とう)() (tōki, winter)
(とう)() (tōki, winter period)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
とう
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC towng).

Affix

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(とう) (

  1. winter
Derived terms
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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 264 (paper), page 182 (digital)
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC towng). Recorded as Middle Korean 도ᇰ (twong) (Yale: twong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 겨울 (gyeoul dong))

  1. hanja form? of (winter)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Okinawan

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Kanji

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(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
ふゆ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Compare Japanese (fuyu, winter).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(ふゆ) (fuyu

  1. winter

References

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  • ふゆ【冬】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: đông[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of đông (winter).

Derived terms

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References

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