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See also: , , , and
U+4E3B, 主
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E3B

[U+4E3A]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4E3C]

Translingual

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Stroke order
0 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
0 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 3, +4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 卜土 (YG), four-corner 00104, composition or )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 80, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 100
  • Dae Jaweon: page 163, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 44, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4E3B

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Pictogram (象形) . Three distinct forms can observed in ancient scripts, all of which have merged into the same character in modern script:

  1. A lamp or torch with a flame at the top. Original form of .
  2. Wood (, now ) on fire.
  3. A spirit tablet. Same character as .

Etymology

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Unclear. Compare Tibetan ཇོ་བོ (jo bo, elder brother, nobleman, lord), Tibetan ཇོ་མོ (jo mo, mistress, lady, goddess), Tibetan ཐུ། (thu, chief), Proto-Monic *(d)ndooʔ (to teach, to instruct; headman), and Thai โจก (jòok, leader, chief) (Schuessler, 2007)

Also compare Burmese အတို့ (a.tui., honorific personal pronoun).

Pronunciation 1

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (23)
Final () (24)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter tsyuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕɨoX/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕioX/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕioX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/cuə̆X/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕioX/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕĭuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕi̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zyu2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhǔ
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsyuX ›
Old
Chinese
/*toʔ/
English master; host

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 17618
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*tjoʔ/

Definitions

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  1. owner; master
  2. host
  3. (archaic, honorific) you (honorific second-person pronoun addressing a "senior official" [大夫] or his spouse)
  4. (Christianity, Islam) Lord
  5. emperor
  6. (colloquial, derogatory) person of a specified type
  7. agent; agency
      ―  zhǔdòng  ―  active
      ―  zhǔ  ―  subject (one who possesses agency)
  8. party; entity
      ―  shìzhǔ  ―  party (in a dispute, especially the one bringing forth the dispute)
  9. main; primary; principal; major
      ―  zhǔyào  ―  main
      ―  zhǔyǎn  ―  leading actor
      ―  zhǔxiū  ―  major curriculum
  10. to be in charge; to lead; to command
      ―  zhǔshì  ―  to be in charge
  11. to indicate; to signify
  12. (grammar) Short for 主語主语 (zhǔyǔ).
  13. (historical) Short for 公主 (gōngzhǔ).
  14. a surname

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (しゅ) (shu)
  • Korean: 주(主) (ju)
  • Vietnamese: chủ ()

Others:

Pronunciation 2

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Definitions

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  1. Classifier for events.
  2. Alternative form of (zhù, to pour into)

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]

主󠄁
+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
主󠄃
+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. lord, master
  2. main, principal

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
しゅ
Grade: 3
kan'on

From Middle Chinese (MC tsyuX).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(しゅ) (shuしゆ (syu)?

  1. head of the family
  2. master, mistress
  3. one's husband
  4. proprietor, landlord
Synonyms
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Proper noun

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(しゅ) (Shuしゆ (Syu)?

  1. the Lord
    (しゅ)(きょう)(だい)ヤコブ
    Shu no kyōdai Yakobu
    James, brother of the Lord

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
ぬし
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
ぬし
[noun] : master
[noun] : owner, proprietor
[noun] : guardian spirit
[noun] : (archaic) you
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
おも
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
おも
[adjective] chief, main, principal, foremost
Alternative spelling
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
あるじ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
あるじ
[noun] head of a household
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “”, in 字通 (Jitsū)[1] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 62 (paper), page 81 (digital)
  3. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 56 (paper), page 40 (digital)
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC tsyuX). Recorded as Middle Korean 쥬〮 (cyú) (Yale: cyu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 임금 (imgeum ju))
(eumhun 주인 (ju'in ju))

  1. hanja form? of (king)
  2. hanja form? of (master; host; main)

Compounds

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References

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  • Naver Hanja Dictionary: 主
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: chủ, chúa
: Nôm readings: chúa, chủ

  1. chữ Hán form of chủ (owner).
  2. Nôm form of chúa (retired father of a king).
  3. Nôm form of Chúa (God; Christ; Lord).

Usage notes

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Compounds

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References

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