कौन
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa कवन (kavana), from Sanskrit कः पुनर् (kaḥ punar, “who”). Compare Gujarati કોણ (koṇ), Marathi कोण (koṇ), Bengali কোন (kōn).
Oblique किस (kis) is from Prakrit 𑀓𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲 (kissa), from Sanskrit कस्य (kasya, genitive singular) (with -i- from किम् (kim), 𑀓𑀺𑀁 (kiṃ)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kásya, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷósyo.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]कौन • (kaun) (Urdu spelling کون)
- (interrogative) who?
- कौन बोल रहे हैं? ― kaun bol rahe ha͠i? ― Who is speaking?
Declension
[edit]Pronoun declension of कौन
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | कौन kaun |
कौन kaun |
| indirect | किस kis |
किन kin |
| ergative | किसने kisne |
किनहोंने kinhõne |
| genitive | किसका kiskā |
किनका kinkā |
| dative | किसे, किसको kise, kisko |
किन्हें, किनको kinhẽ, kinko |
| instrumental/ablative | किससे kisse |
किनसे kinse |
| inessive | किसमें kismẽ |
किनमें kinmẽ |
| adessive | किसपे, किसपर kispe, kispar |
किनपे, किनपर kinpe, kinpar |
| terminative | किसतक kistak |
किनतक kintak |
| semblative | किससा kissā |
किनसा kinsā |
Coordinate terms
[edit]| type | interrogative | relative | proximal demonstrative | distal demonstrative | indefinite | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic | non-emphatic | कौन (kaun, “who?”), क्या (kyā, “what?”) |
जो (jo) | यह (yah) | वह (vah) | कुछ (kuch), कोई (koī), कुछ-न-कुछ (kuch-na-kuch), कोई-न-कोई (koī-na-koī) | |
| emphatic | - | जो भी (jo bhī) | यही (yahī) | वही (vahī) | कोई भी (koī bhī), कुछ भी (kuch bhī) | ||
| time | non-emphatic | कब (kab) | जब (jab) | अब (ab) | तब (tab) | कभी (kabhī) | |
| emphatic | - | जभी (jabhī) | अभी (abhī) | तभी (tabhī) | कभी भी (kabhī bhī) | ||
| place | non-emphatic | कहाँ (kahā̃) | जहाँ (jahā̃) | यहाँ (yahā̃) | वहाँ (vahā̃) | कहीं (kahī̃, “somewhere”) | |
| emphatic | - | जहीं (jahī̃) | यहीं (yahī̃) | वहीं (vahī̃) | कहीं भी (kahī̃ bhī, “anywhere”) | ||
| quantity | कितना (kitnā) | जितना (jitnā) | इतना (itnā) | उतना (utnā) | - | ||
| direction | किधर (kidhar) | जिधर (jidhar) | इधर (idhar) | उधर (udhar) | - | ||
| quality | कैसा (kaisā) | जैसा (jaisā) | ऐसा (aisā) | वैसा (vaisā), तैसा m (taisā) | कोई सा (koī sā) | ||
| manner | कैसे (kaise) | जैसे (jaise) | ऐसे (aise), | वैसे (vaise), तैसे (taise) | - | ||
| reason/manner | क्यों (kyõ) | ज्यों (jyõ) | क्योंकि (kyõki), यों (yõ) | त्यों (tyõ) | |||
References
[edit]- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “कौन”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Platts, John T. (1884) “कौन”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kaḥ punar”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 127
- “कौन”, in Collins Gem Hindi-English Dictionary, Collins, 2011, →ISBN
Categories:
- Hindi terms inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa
- Hindi terms derived from Sauraseni Apabhramsa
- Hindi terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms inherited from Prakrit
- Hindi terms derived from Prakrit
- Hindi terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Hindi terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi terms with audio links
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi pronouns
- Hindi terms with usage examples
- Hindi interrogative pronouns