قدم

Root
ق د م (q d m)
16 terms

From Proto-Semitic *q-d-m (“to precede, come before”). Compare Hebrew קדם and Classical Syriac ܩܕܡ.

• IPA^(key): /qa.da.ma/

قَدَمَ • (qadama) I (non-past يَقْدُمُ (yaqdumu), verbal noun قَدْم (qadm) or قُدُوم (qudūm))

1. (transitive) to precede

• IPA^(key): /qa.di.ma/

قَدِمَ • (qadima) I (non-past يَقْدَمُ (yaqdamu), verbal noun قُدُوم (qudūm) or قِدْمَان (qidmān) or مَقْدَم (maqdam))

1. to return from a journey
2. (transitive) to come to, arrive at, to reach
3. to step up to (عَلَى (ʕalā) something)

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “قدم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

• IPA^(key): /qa.du.ma/

قَدُمَ • (qaduma) I (non-past يَقْدُمُ (yaqdumu), verbal noun قِدَم (qidam))

1. to be old, to be ancient

• IPA^(key): /qad.da.ma/

قَدَّمَ • (qaddama) II (non-past يُقَدِّمُ (yuqaddimu), verbal noun تَقْدِيم (taqdīm))

1. to introduce (someone to someone else)
2. to let precede, to make precede, to send ahead, to dispatch
3. to set forth beforehand, to place at the front, to place at the head
4. to do earlier, to do beforehand
5. to give precedence, to prefer
6. to appoint as guardian
7. to prepare, to get ready, to make ready
8. to provide, to set aside, to earmark, to make provision
9. to offer, to proffer, to tender
10. to extend
11. to present, to produce, to exhibit, to display
12. to hand over, to deliver, to give, to hand over, to grant

    يقدِّم لنا يهوه في الكتاب المقدس إرشادات أخلاقية توجِّهنا حين نأخذ قرارات مهمة في حياتنا.

    In the Bible, God gives us moral guidance to guide us as we make important decisions in our lives.

13. to submit, to refer, to lay before, to offer up
14. to dedicate

• IPA^(key): /qa.dam/

• Audio:

  (file)

قَدَم • (qadam) f (dual قَدَمَانِ (qadamāni), plural أَقْدَام (ʔaqdām))

1. foot
2. foot (a measure)
3. step

• كُرَة اَلْقَدَم (kurat al-qadam, “football”)

• → Azerbaijani: qədəm
• → Baluchi: قدم (qadam)
• → Bengali: কদম (kodom)
• → English: kadam (via a language of India)
• → Persian: قدم (qadam)
• → Kazakh: қадам (qadam)
• → Hindi: क़दम (qadam)
• → Urdu: قدم
• → Kazakh: қадам (qadam)
• → Northern Kurdish: qedûm, qidûm, qudum, qudûm, qedem
  • → Armenian: ղուդում (ġudum)
• → Nepali: कदम (kadam)
• → Ottoman Turkish: قدم (kadem)
  • Turkish: kadem
  • → Armenian: խատէմ (xatēm)

• IPA^(key): /qadm/

قَدْم • (qadm) m

1. verbal noun of قَدَمَ (qadama) (form I)

• IPA^(key): /qi.dam/

قِدَم • (qidam) m

1. verbal noun of قَدُمَ (qaduma) (form I)

• IPA^(key): /qidm/

قِدْم • (qidm)

1. time long past, old times

• IPA^(key): /qu.dum/

قُدُم • (qudum)

1. straight ahead, forward

• Wehr, Hans (1979) “قدم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

From Arabic قَدَم (qadam).

قدم • (qadam)

1. step

• گام (gám)

Root
ق د م
3 terms

From Arabic قَدُمَ (qaduma).

• IPA^(key): /ɡi.dim/

قدم • (gidim) I (non-past يِقْدَم (yigdam))

1. to be old, to be ancient

Conjugation of قدم (gidim)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	قدمت (gidimt)	قدمت (gidimt)	قدم (gidim)		قدمنا (gidimna)	قدمتوا (gidimtu)	قدموا (gidmu)
	f		قدمتي (gidimti)	قدمت (gidmat)
non-past	m	أقدم (ʔagdam)	تقدم (tigdam)	يقدم (yigdam)		نقدم (nigdam)	تقدموا (tigdamu)	يقدموا (yigdamu)
	f		تقدمي (tigdami)	تقدم (tigdam)
imperative	m		اقدم (agdam)				اقدموا (agdamu)
	f		اقدمي (agdami)

From Arabic قَدَّمَ (qaddama).

• IPA^(key): /ɡad.dam/

قدم • (gaddam) II (non-past يِقَدِّم (yigaddim))

1. to introduce (someone to someone else)
2. to set forth beforehand, to place at the front, to place at the head
3. to do earlier, to do beforehand
4. to give precedence, to prefer
5. to provide
6. to offer, to proffer, to tender, to extend
7. to present, to produce, to exhibit, to display
8. to give, to hand over, to grant
9. to submit

Conjugation of قدم (gaddam)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	قدمت (gaddamt)	قدمت (gaddamt)	قدم (gaddam)		قدمنا (gaddamna)	قدمتوا (gaddamtu)	قدموا (gaddamu)
	f		قدمتي (gaddamti)	قدمت (gaddamat)
non-past	m	أقدم (ʔagaddim)	تقدم (tigaddim)	يقدم (yigaddim)		نقدم (nigaddim)	تقدموا (tigaddimu)	يقدموا (yigaddimu)
	f		تقدمي (tigaddimi)	تقدم (tigaddim)
imperative	m		قدم (gaddim)				قدموا (gaddimu)
	f		قدمي (gaddimi)

From Arabic قِدَم (qidam).

• IPA^(key): /ɡu.dum/

قدم • (gudum) m (construct state قُدْم (gudm))

1. old

Borrowed from Arabic قَدَم (qadam).

Readings
Classical reading?	qaḏam
Dari reading?	qadam
Iranian reading?	ğadam
Tajik reading?	qadam

Dari	قدم
Iranian Persian
Tajik	қадам

قدم • (qadam) (plural اقدام (aqdâm))

1. step

   Synonym: گام (gâm)

   اولین قدم ― avvalin qadam ― the first step

   یک قدم پیش یک قدم پس (Dari)

   yak qadam pēš yak qadam pas

   one step forward, one step back

   • c. 1060, Alī Hujwīrī, کشف المحجوب [Kashf al-Maḥjūb]‎^[2]:

     وی به حکم تواجد قدمی چند بر زمین زد. چون نگاه کردم، آن اقدام وی، چون به موم، به سنگ فرو می‌رفت. آنگاه بی هوش بیفتاد. چون به هوش آمد مرا گفت: «اندر روضهٔ بهشت بودم. تو ندیدی.»

     way ba hukm-i tawājud qadamē čand bar zamīn zad. čūn nigāh kardam, ān aqdām-i way čūn ba mōm⁠, ba sang furō mē-raft. āngāh bē hōš biyuftād. čūn ba hōš āmad ma-rā guft: "andar rawza-yi bihišt būdam. tu na-dīdī."

     In a state of rapture, he stepped a few times on the ground. When I looked, his steps were sinking into the rock as if it were wax. Then he fell unconscious. When he recovered his senses, he told me: "I was in the garden of paradise. You did not see."

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

2. foot

   Synonym: پا (pâ)

   • c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 216”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]‎^[3]:

     آن یار کز او خانه ما جای پری بود
     سر تا قدمش چون پری از عیب بری بود

     ān yār k-az ō xāna-yi mā jā-yi parī būd
     sar tā qadam-aš čūn parī az ayb barī būd

     The beloved thanks to whom my house was the place of nymphs:
     From head to foot, she is—like the nymphs—unsullied by fault.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

3. pace (in walking, also music)

   قدم آهسته ― qadam-e âheste ― slow pace

4. (figurative) the luck of someone upon arrival at a place

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “قدم”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “قدم”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

Root
ق د م
4 terms

From Arabic قَدَّمَ (qaddama).

• IPA^(key): (Urban) /ʔad.dam/, [ˈʔad.dam]
• IPA^(key): (Bedouin) /ɡad.dam/, [ˈɡad.dam]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

قدّم • (ʔaddam) II (present بقدّم (biʔaddem))

1. to advance, to move forward
2. to present, to offer, to provide
3. to apply, to submit

   Synonym: سلّم (sallam)

Conjugation of قدّم (ʔaddam)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	قدّمت (ʔaddamt)	قدّمت (ʔaddamt)	قدّم (ʔaddam)		قدّمنا (ʔaddamna)	قدّمتو (ʔaddamtu)	قدّمو (ʔaddamu)
	f		قدّمتي (ʔaddamti)	قدّمت (ʔaddamat)
present	m	بقدّم (baʔaddem)	بتقدّم (bitʔaddem)	بقدّم (biʔaddem)		منقدّم (minʔaddem)	بتقدّمو (bitʔaddmu)	بقدّمو (biʔaddmu)
	f		بتقدّمي (bitʔaddmi)	بتقدّم (bitʔaddem)
subjunctive	m	اقدّم (aʔaddem)	تقدّم (tʔaddem)	يقدّم (yʔaddem)		نقدّم (nʔaddem)	تقدّمو (tʔaddmu)	يقدّمو (yʔaddmu)
	f		تقدّمي (tʔaddmi)	تقدّم (tʔaddem)
imperative	m		قدّم (ʔaddem)				قدّمو (ʔaddmu)
	f		قدّمي (ʔaddmi)

Learned borrowing from Arabic قَدَم (qadam).

• IPA^(key): /qa.dam/, [ˈqɑ.dɑm]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

قدم • (qadam) m (plural أقدام (ʔaqdām))

1. (formal) foot

   Synonyms: إجر (ʔijr), رجل (rijl)

Borrowed from Classical Persian قدم (qadam), from Arabic قَدَم (qadam).

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /qə.d̪əm/

• Audio (Pakistan):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -əm
• Hyphenation: قَ‧دَم

قَدَم • (qadam) m (formal plural اِقْدام (iqdām), Hindi spelling क़दम)

1. footstep, step

Declension of قدم
	singular	plural
direct	قَدَم (qadam)	قَدَم (qadam)
oblique	قَدَم (qadam)	قَدَموں (qadamõ)
vocative	قَدَم (qadam)	قَدَمو (qadamo)

Borrowed from Classical Persian قدم (qidam), from Arabic قِدَم (qidam).

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /qɪ.d̪əm/
• Rhymes: -əm
• Hyphenation: قِ‧دَم

قِدَم • (qidam) m (Hindi spelling क़िदम)

1. antiquity, ancientness, preceding (in point of time)
2. antiquity, oldness, ancientness
3. perpetuity, permanence

Declension of قدم
	singular	plural
direct	قِدَم (qidam)	قِدَم (qidam)
oblique	قِدَم (qidam)	قِدَموں (qidamõ)
vocative	قِدَم (qidam)	قِدَمو (qidamo)

• “قدم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “قدم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “قدم”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “قدم”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

From Urdu قدم (qadam).

قدم (qadam)

1. step, steps