تم
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Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Root |
|---|
| ت م م (t m m) |
| 7 terms |
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]تَمَّ • (tamma) I (non-past يَتِمُّ (yatimmu), verbal noun تَمّ (tamm) or تِمّ (timm) or تُمّ (tumm) or تَمَام (tamām) or تِمَام (timām) or تُمَام (tumām) or تَمَامَة (tamāma) or تِمَامَة (timāma))
- to be fulfilled, to be completed
- (proscribed) to come about, to happen, to take place
- to persist [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘in something’]
- to continue [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘something/doing something’]
Usage notes
[edit]- Particularly in newspaper and media style, تَمَّ (tamma) is often used with a verbal noun as its subject to express the English passive:
- تَمَّ ٱعْتِقالُ عَدَدٍ مِنَ ٱلْعَناصِرِ ٱلْإرْهابِيَّةِ فِي ٱلْقاهِرَةِ لَيْلَةَ ٱلْأَمْسِ.
- tamma ʕtiqālu ʕadadin mina l-ʕanāṣiri l-ʔirhābiyyati fī l-qāhirati laylata l-ʔamsi.
- A number of terrorist militants were arrested in Cairo last night.
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of تَمَّ (I, geminate, a ~ i, impersonal passive (?), verbal nouns تَمّ, تِمّ, تُمّ, تَمَام, تِمَام, تُمَام, تَمَامَة, تِمَامَة)
| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
تَمّ, تِمّ, تُمّ, تَمَام, تِمَام, تُمَام, تَمَامَة, تِمَامَة tamm, timm, tumm, tamām, timām, tumām, tamāma, timāma | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
تَامّ tāmm | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَتْمُوم matmūm | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | تَمَمْتُ tamamtu |
تَمَمْتَ tamamta |
تَمَّ tamma |
تَمَمْتُمَا tamamtumā |
تَمَّا tammā |
تَمَمْنَا tamamnā |
تَمَمْتُمْ tamamtum |
تَمُّوا tammū | |||
| f | تَمَمْتِ tamamti |
تَمَّتْ tammat |
تَمَّتَا tammatā |
تَمَمْتُنَّ tamamtunna |
تَمَمْنَ tamamna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَتِمُّ ʔatimmu |
تَتِمُّ tatimmu |
يَتِمُّ yatimmu |
تَتِمَّانِ tatimmāni |
يَتِمَّانِ yatimmāni |
نَتِمُّ natimmu |
تَتِمُّونَ tatimmūna |
يَتِمُّونَ yatimmūna | |||
| f | تَتِمِّينَ tatimmīna |
تَتِمُّ tatimmu |
تَتِمَّانِ tatimmāni |
تَتْمِمْنَ tatmimna |
يَتْمِمْنَ yatmimna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَتِمَّ ʔatimma |
تَتِمَّ tatimma |
يَتِمَّ yatimma |
تَتِمَّا tatimmā |
يَتِمَّا yatimmā |
نَتِمَّ natimma |
تَتِمُّوا tatimmū |
يَتِمُّوا yatimmū | |||
| f | تَتِمِّي tatimmī |
تَتِمَّ tatimma |
تَتِمَّا tatimmā |
تَتْمِمْنَ tatmimna |
يَتْمِمْنَ yatmimna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَتِمَّ, أَتِمِّ, أَتْمِمْ ʔatimma, ʔatimmi, ʔatmim |
تَتِمَّ, تَتِمِّ, تَتْمِمْ tatimma, tatimmi, tatmim |
يَتِمَّ, يَتِمِّ, يَتْمِمْ yatimma, yatimmi, yatmim |
تَتِمَّا tatimmā |
يَتِمَّا yatimmā |
نَتِمَّ, نَتِمِّ, نَتْمِمْ natimma, natimmi, natmim |
تَتِمُّوا tatimmū |
يَتِمُّوا yatimmū | |||
| f | تَتِمِّي tatimmī |
تَتِمَّ, تَتِمِّ, تَتْمِمْ tatimma, tatimmi, tatmim |
تَتِمَّا tatimmā |
تَتْمِمْنَ tatmimna |
يَتْمِمْنَ yatmimna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر |
m | تِمَّ, تِمِّ, اِتْمِمْ timma, timmi, itmim |
تِمَّا timmā |
تِمُّوا timmū |
||||||||
| f | تِمِّي timmī |
اِتْمِمْنَ itmimna | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | تُمَّ tumma |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
| f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | يُتَمُّ yutammu |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
| f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | يُتَمَّ yutamma |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
| f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | يُتَمَّ, يُتَمِّ, يُتْمَمْ yutamma, yutammi, yutmam |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
| f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
Noun
[edit]تَمّ or تِمّ or تُمّ • (tamm or timm or tumm) m
- verbal noun of تَمَّ (tamma) (form I)
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun تَمّ (tamm); تِمّ (timm); تُمّ (tumm)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | تَمّ; تِمّ; تُمّ tamm; timm; tumm |
التَّمّ; التِّمّ; التُّمّ at-tamm; at-timm; at-tumm |
تَمّ; تِمّ; تُمّ tamm; timm; tumm |
| Nominative | تَمٌّ; تِمٌّ; تُمٌّ tammun; timmun; tummun |
التَّمُّ; التِّمُّ; التُّمُّ at-tammu; at-timmu; at-tummu |
تَمُّ; تِمُّ; تُمُّ tammu; timmu; tummu |
| Accusative | تَمًّا; تِمًّا; تُمًّا tamman; timman; tumman |
التَّمَّ; التِّمَّ; التُّمَّ at-tamma; at-timma; at-tumma |
تَمَّ; تِمَّ; تُمَّ tamma; timma; tumma |
| Genitive | تَمٍّ; تِمٍّ; تُمٍّ tammin; timmin; tummin |
التَّمِّ; التِّمِّ; التُّمِّ at-tammi; at-timmi; at-tummi |
تَمِّ; تِمِّ; تُمِّ tammi; timmi; tummi |
Etymology 2
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
[edit]تَمّ • (tamm) m
- swan (Cygnus gen. et spp.)
- Synonym: إِوَزٌّ عِرَاقِيّ (ʔiwazzun ʕirāqiyy)
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun تَمّ (tamm)
References
[edit]- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “تم”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[1] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 206
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “تم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[2], London: Williams & Norgate, page 315
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “تم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 117
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “تم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[3], London: W.H. Allen, page 187
Moroccan Arabic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]تم • (tamm)
Persian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Middle Persian [script needed] (tom, tam, “dark”), from Proto-Iranian *támHah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas, from Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”), from *temH- (“dark”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [tam]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰæm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰäm]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | tam |
| Dari reading? | tam |
| Iranian reading? | tam |
| Tajik reading? | tam |
Noun
[edit]تَم • (tam)
- (archaic) darkness, blackness
- a disease in the eye, the web or cataract on the pupil
- any veil or covering
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰem]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Iranian reading? | tem |
Noun
[edit]تِم • (tem)
South Levantine Arabic
[edit]| Picture dictionary | ||
|---|---|---|
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Etymology
[edit]From Arabic فَم (fam) through فُمّ (fumm) and then dissimilated ثُمّ (ṯumm).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]تم • (tumm, temm) m (plural تمام (tmām))
Urdu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa तुम्हि (tumhi), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe), from Sanskrit युष्मान् (yuṣmān, acc. pl.) adopting the initial sounds of त्वम् (tvám, nom. sg.).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /t̪ʊm/
Pronoun
[edit]تُم • (tum) (Hindi spelling तुम)
- (semiformal, familiar) second-person subjective or objective personal pronoun, grammatically plural: you, ye; Early Modern English ye.
- کیا تم مجھ سے محبت کرتی ہو؟ ― kyā tum mujh-se mohabbat kartī ho? ― Do you love me?
- تم جیسے لوگوں کی ہی ضرورت ہے یہاں۔
- tum jaise logõ kī hī zarūrat hai yahā̃.
- People like you are needed here.
Usage notes
[edit]- تم is the mid level formal way of expressing "you" in Urdu and is used when addressing those of equal social status or those one has a close enough relationship with to justify the reduced formality. Because the less formal forms could offend others, آپ (āp) is the safest way to express "you" unless there is reason to be less formal.
- Because تم is grammatically plural (adjectives and verbs etc affected by it take their plural forms) even when there is only one person being referred to, the term تم لوگ (literally: you people) can be used to specify that more than one person is being referred to.
Determiner
[edit]تُم • (tum) (Hindi spelling तुम)
- The individual or group spoken or written to; you, ye, Early Modern English ye.
- تم احمق کوئی کام کے نہیں ہو۔
- tum ahmaq ko'ī kām ke nahī̃ ho.
- You idiots are of no use.
Declension
[edit]declension of تم
See also
[edit]- آپ (āp) - formal, polite, grammatically plural
- تُو (tū) - informal, intimate, contemptuous or possibly vulgar, grammatically singular
| Urdu personal pronouns | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | Description | Direct case | Indirect case | Ergative case | Dative/Accusative case | |
| 1st person | singular | مَیں (ma͠i) | مُجھ (mujh) | مَیں نے (ma͠i ne) | مُجھ کو (mujh ko),
مُجھے (mujhe) | |
| formal (rare) | خَاکْسَار (xāksār) | خَاکْسَار نے (xāksār ne) | خَاکْسَار کو (xāksār ko) | |||
| plural | ہَم (ham) | ہَم نے (ham ne) | ہَم کو (ham ko),
ہَمیں (hamẽ) | |||
| 2nd person | informal (intimate) | تُو (tū) | تُجھ (tujh) | تُو نے (tū ne) | تُجھ کو (tujh ko),
تُجھے (tujhe) | |
| semiformal (familiar) | تُم (tum) | تُم نے (tum ne) | تُم کو (tum ko),
تُمْہیں (tumhẽ) | |||
| formal (polite) | آپ (āp) | آپ نے (āp ne) | آپ کو (āp ko) | |||
| 3rd person | proximal | singular / informal | یِہ (ye) | اِس (is) | اِس نے (is ne) | اِس کو (is ko),
اِسے (ise) |
| plural / formal | اِن (in) | اِنْہوں نے (inhõ ne) | اِن کو (in ko),
اِنْہیں (inhẽ) | |||
| distal | singular / informal | وُہ (vo) | اُس (us) | اُس نے (us ne) | اُس کو (us ko),
اُسے (use) | |
| plural / formal | اُن (un) | اُنْہوں نے (unhõ ne) | اُن کو (un ko),
اُنْہیں (unhẽ) | |||
Categories:
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ت م م
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic proscribed terms
- Arabic terms with usage examples
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic geminate form-I verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs with past vowel a and non-past vowel i
- Arabic verbs with impersonal passive
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic verbal nouns
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- ar:Freshwater birds
- Moroccan Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Moroccan Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Moroccan Arabic 1-syllable words
- Moroccan Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Moroccan Arabic lemmas
- Moroccan Arabic adverbs
- Moroccan Arabic demonstrative adverbs
- Moroccan Arabic location adverbs
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Persian terms with archaic senses
- Persian terms borrowed from French
- Persian terms derived from French
- Visual dictionary
- South Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Levantine Arabic terms with audio pronunciation
- South Levantine Arabic lemmas
- South Levantine Arabic nouns
- South Levantine Arabic masculine nouns
- ajp:Face
- ajp:Mouth
- Urdu terms inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa
- Urdu terms derived from Sauraseni Apabhramsa
- Urdu terms inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Urdu terms derived from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Urdu terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Urdu terms derived from Sanskrit
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu pronouns
- Urdu familiar terms
- Urdu terms with usage examples
- Urdu determiners