об
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See also: Об and Appendix:Variations of "ob"
Komi-Zyrian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Permic *ob. Possibly related to Finnish umpi (“untouched snow”) and Northern Sami oppa (“closed”).
Noun
[edit]об • (ob)
Declension
[edit]Declension of об (stem: об-) | |||
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singular | plural | ||
nominative | об (ob) | объяс (objas) | |
accusative | I* | об (ob) | объяс (objas) |
II* | обӧс (obös) | объясӧс (objasös) | |
instrumental | обӧн (obön) | объясӧн (objasön) | |
comitative | обкӧд (obköd) | объяскӧд (objasköd) | |
caritive | обтӧг (obtög) | объястӧг (objastög) | |
consecutive | обла (obla) | объясла (objasla) | |
genitive | облӧн (oblön) | объяслӧн (objaslön) | |
ablative | облысь (oblyś) | объяслысь (objaslyś) | |
dative | облы (obly) | объяслы (objasly) | |
inessive | обын (obyn) | объясын (objasyn) | |
elative | обысь (obyś) | объясысь (objasyś) | |
illative | обӧ (obö) | объясӧ (objasö) | |
egressive | обсянь (obśań) | объяссянь (objasśań) | |
approximative | облань (oblań) | объяслань (objaslań) | |
terminative | обӧдз (obödź) | объясӧдз (objasödź) | |
prolative | I | обӧд (oböd) | объясӧд (objasöd) |
II | обті (obti) | объясті (objasti) | |
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. |
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Etymology 2
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
[edit]об • (ob)
Declension
[edit]Declension of об (stem: об-) | |||
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singular | plural | ||
nominative | об (ob) | объяс (objas) | |
accusative | I* | об (ob) | объяс (objas) |
II* | обӧс (obös) | объясӧс (objasös) | |
instrumental | обӧн (obön) | объясӧн (objasön) | |
comitative | обкӧд (obköd) | объяскӧд (objasköd) | |
caritive | обтӧг (obtög) | объястӧг (objastög) | |
consecutive | обла (obla) | объясла (objasla) | |
genitive | облӧн (oblön) | объяслӧн (objaslön) | |
ablative | облысь (oblyś) | объяслысь (objaslyś) | |
dative | облы (obly) | объяслы (objasly) | |
inessive | обын (obyn) | объясын (objasyn) | |
elative | обысь (obyś) | объясысь (objasyś) | |
illative | обӧ (obö) | объясӧ (objasö) | |
egressive | обсянь (obśań) | объяссянь (objasśań) | |
approximative | облань (oblań) | объяслань (objaslań) | |
terminative | обӧдз (obödź) | объясӧдз (objasödź) | |
prolative | I | обӧд (oböd) | объясӧд (objasöd) |
II | обті (obti) | объясті (objasti) | |
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. |
Possessive declension of об | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hypernyms
[edit]- тьӧт (ťöt)
Coordinate terms
[edit]- ичинь (ićiń, “maternal aunt”)
References
[edit]- A. I. Podorova, editor (1948), Коми-русский словарь, Syktyvkar: Коми Государственное Издательство, page 141
- Lytkin, V. I., Gulyaev, E. S., editors (1970), “об”, in Краткий этимологический словарь коми языка[1] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka
- L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь, →ISBN, page 447
Old Church Slavonic
[edit]Preposition
[edit]об • (ob)
- Alternative form of объ (obŭ)
Russian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- объ (ob) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
- о (o) — usually before consonants
- обо (obo) — before some words such as мне (mne) or всём (vsjom)
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): [əb] (before a vowel or voiced consonant)
- IPA(key): [ɐb] (before a stressed syllable beginning with a vowel or voiced consonant)
- IPA(key): [ˈob] (when stressed and before a vowel or voiced consonant)
Audio: (file)
- Note: The final [b] is pronounced as [p] when in isolation or before a voiceless consonant, both of which are generally uncommon.
Preposition
[edit]об • (ob)
- [with prepositional]
- [with accusative]
- against, upon
- опира́ться об окно́ ― opirátʹsja ob oknó ― to lean against the window
- against, upon
Usage notes
[edit]- The об (ob) form is usually unstressed. It is stressed in the idioms рука́ о́б ру́ку (ruká ób rúku), как о́б сте́ну горо́х (kak ób sténu goróx). It can be stressed or unstressed in the word combination о́б пол (ób pol) (об по́л (ob pól)).
- When governing the prepositional case, об (ob) is used before vowels, however о (o) is sometimes also used before the possessive pronoun их (ix).
- When governing the accusative case, об (ob) is used before vowels and variably before liquids in the written language, while in the colloquial language, об (ob) is used before all words.
- Although о (o) is prescribed before the possessive pronouns его́ (jevó) and её (jejó) (and other words beginning with е (je), ё (jo), ю (ju) and я (ja)), in colloquial usage об (ob) may be used.
Tajik
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Classical Persian آب (āb).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]об • (ob) (Persian spelling آب)
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of об | |||||
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singular | |||||
bare | об ob |
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definite object |
обро obro |
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izofa | оби ob-i |
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indefinite, definite relative |
bare | obe |
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object | оберо obero |
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Possessive forms of об | |||||
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singular | |||||
bare | 1st singular | обам obam |
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2nd singular | обат obat |
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3rd singular | обаш obaš |
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1st plural | обамон obamon |
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2nd plural | обатон obaton |
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3rd plural | обашон obašon |
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singular | |||||
definite object |
1st singular | обамро obamro |
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2nd singular | обатро obatro |
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3rd singular | обашро obašro |
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1st plural | обамонро obamonro |
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2nd plural | обатонро obatonro |
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3rd plural | обашонро obašonro |
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Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- об on the Tajik Wikipedia.Wikipedia tg
- “об”, in Вожаҷӯ / واژهجو (in Tajik), 2024
Ukrainian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *ob
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]об • (ob)
- at (for indicating time in hours)
- об одина́дцятій годи́ні ― ob odynádcjatij hodýni ― at eleven o'clock
- об одина́дцятій ве́чора ― ob odynádcjatij véčora ― at eleven in the evening
- Synonym: о (o) (before a consonant)
Usage notes
[edit]The preposition об is only used if the following word begins with a vowel. If the following word begins with a consonant, preposition о is used instead. In Ukrainian, the only ordinal number beginning in a vowel between 1-24 is одинадцятий (odynadcjatyj, “eleventh”).
References
[edit]- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “об”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- “об”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
- “об”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
Categories:
- Komi-Zyrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Komi-Zyrian terms inherited from Proto-Permic
- Komi-Zyrian terms derived from Proto-Permic
- Komi-Zyrian lemmas
- Komi-Zyrian nouns
- kpv:Female family members
- kpv:Snow
- Old Church Slavonic lemmas
- Old Church Slavonic prepositions
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Russian 1-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian terms with audio pronunciation
- Russian lemmas
- Russian prepositions
- Russian terms with usage examples
- Tajik terms inherited from Classical Persian
- Tajik terms derived from Classical Persian
- Tajik terms derived from Middle Persian
- Tajik terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Tajik terms derived from Old Persian
- Tajik terms inherited from Old Persian
- Tajik terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Tajik terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Tajik terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Tajik terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Tajik terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Tajik terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Tajik terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tajik lemmas
- Tajik nouns
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian prepositions
- Ukrainian terms with usage examples