-in

Clipping of -ine.

-in

1. (biochemistry) Used, as a modification of -ine, to form the names of a variety of types of compound; examples include proteins (globulin), carbohydrates (dextrin), dyes (alizarin) and others (vanillin).
   1. a neutral chemical compound

      albumin, casein, chitin, pepsin, saponin

   2. an enzyme

      renin, pancreatin

   3. an antibiotic

      penicillin, streptomycin

   4. a pharmaceutical product

      cobalamin, niacin, vitamin

From the particle in, modelled after sit-in. Compare -off.

-in

2. Attached to a word (usually a verb) to denote a protest, demonstration or other type of gathering characterized by the activity denoted by the base word.

• Harder, K. B. (1968) “Coinages of the Type of “Sit-In.””, in American Speech, volume 43, number 1, →DOI, pages 58–64

Clipping of -ing.

• -in’

-in

1. (proscribed, dialect) Alternative form of -ing.

-in

1. Alternative form of -en

   ‎elf + ‎-in → ‎elfin

• N.I., NI, ni

	preceding vowel
	A / I	E / Ə / İ	O / U	Ö / Ü
postconsonantal	-ın	-in	-un	-ün
postvocalic	-n

-in

1. Reflexive suffix.

   ‎örtmək (“to cover”) + ‎-ün → ‎örtünmək (“to cover oneself”)

   ‎gizləmək (“to hide”) + ‎-n → ‎gizlənmək (“to hide oneself”)

2. Suffix creating other types of verbs from other verbs.

Verbs with monosyllabic vowel-ending stems generally take a y before the suffixes -il, -in, or -iş:

‎demək (“to say”) + ‎-in → ‎deyinmək (“to say to oneself, to mutter”)

	preceding vowel
	A / I	E / Ə / İ	O / U	Ö / Ü
postconsonantal	-ın	-in	-un	-ün
postvocalic	-n

-in

1. Suffix creating nouns from verbs.

Declension of -in
	singular	plural
nominative	-in	-inlər
definite accusative	-ini	-inləri
dative	-inə	-inlərə
locative	-ində	-inlərdə
ablative	-indən	-inlərdən
definite genitive	-inin	-inlərin

Possessive forms of -in
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	-inim	-inlərim
sənin (“your”)	-inin	-inlərin
onun (“his/her/its”)	-ini	-inləri
bizim (“our”)	-inimiz	-inlərimiz
sizin (“your”)	-ininiz	-inləriniz
onların (“their”)	-ini or -inləri	-inləri
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	-inimi	-inlərimi
sənin (“your”)	-inini	-inlərini
onun (“his/her/its”)	-inini	-inlərini
bizim (“our”)	-inimizi	-inlərimizi
sizin (“your”)	-ininizi	-inlərinizi
onların (“their”)	-inini or -inlərini	-inlərini
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	-inimə	-inlərimə
sənin (“your”)	-ininə	-inlərinə
onun (“his/her/its”)	-ininə	-inlərinə
bizim (“our”)	-inimizə	-inlərimizə
sizin (“your”)	-ininizə	-inlərinizə
onların (“their”)	-ininə or -inlərinə	-inlərinə
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	-inimdə	-inlərimdə
sənin (“your”)	-inində	-inlərində
onun (“his/her/its”)	-inində	-inlərində
bizim (“our”)	-inimizdə	-inlərimizdə
sizin (“your”)	-ininizdə	-inlərinizdə
onların (“their”)	-inində or -inlərində	-inlərində
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	-inimdən	-inlərimdən
sənin (“your”)	-inindən	-inlərindən
onun (“his/her/its”)	-inindən	-inlərindən
bizim (“our”)	-inimizdən	-inlərimizdən
sizin (“your”)	-ininizdən	-inlərinizdən
onların (“their”)	-inindən or -inlərindən	-inlərindən
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	-inimin	-inlərimin
sənin (“your”)	-ininin	-inlərinin
onun (“his/her/its”)	-ininin	-inlərinin
bizim (“our”)	-inimizin	-inlərimizin
sizin (“your”)	-ininizin	-inlərinizin
onların (“their”)	-ininin or -inlərinin	-inlərinin

	preceding vowel
	A / I	E / Ə / İ	O / U	Ö / Ü
postconsonantal except after L	-ıl	-il	-ul	-ül
after L	-ın	-in	-un	-ün
postvocalic	-n

-in

1. Form of -il (“[passive suffix]”) after the vowels E / Ə / İ with the consonant L.

See -il.

-in

1. of

   Synonym: -en

• IPA^(key): /ɪn/

Inherited from Old Czech -in, from Proto-Slavic *-inъ.

-in (adjective-forming suffix)

1. suffix deriving possessive adjectives from nouns of feminine gender, usually from proper and common personal nouns, sometimes also from nouns referring to animals

   matčin bratr ― mother's brother

• -ův
• -í

• Hana Prouzová, Přivlastňovací přídavná jména na -ův, -in v současné češtině, Naše řeč, volume 47 (1964), issue 3
• The template Template:R:cs:Nase rec does not use the parameter(s):

  number=4

  Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Jaroslava Hlavsová, K některým místním (nářečním) rozdílům v tvoření vztahových adjektiv v češtině, Naše řeč, volume 65 (1982)

Borrowed from Latin -īnus, from Ancient Greek -ινος (-inos).

-in m inan (noun-forming suffix)

1. (chemistry) -ine (suffix used to form names of chemical substances)

   adenin ― adenine

   olomoucin ― olomoucine

• -inne (obsolete)

From Middle Dutch -inne, from Old Dutch *-inna, from Proto-Germanic *-inī.

• IPA^(key): /ɪn/

• Audio:

  (file)

-in f (plural -innen, diminutive -innetje)

1. Forms nouns for the female counterpart of something.

   Synonyms: -e, -egge, -es, -ster

• Afrikaans: -in

From Proto-Finnic *-in (instrumental suffix), probably from Proto-Uralic *-ma.

-in

1. Forms inanimate instrumental nouns from verbs.

   ‎avata (“to open”) + ‎-in → ‎avain (“key”)

   ‎keittää (“to cook, boil”) + ‎-in → ‎keitin (“appliance for cooking/boiling”)

   ‎puhella (“to chat, chatter”) + ‎-in → ‎puhelin (“telephone”)

   ‎elää (“to live”) + ‎-in → ‎eläin (“animal”)

2. Forms some diminutive nouns.
3. Used to form the combining form of some verbs.

   ‎asua (“to live (somewhere), reside”) + ‎-in → ‎asuin-

   ‎elää (“to live, be alive”) + ‎-in → ‎elin-

   ‎leipoa (“to bake”) + ‎-in → ‎leivin-

Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)

Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)

Note that if the stem has gradation, it is (almost always) preserved.

• -ja
• -ri
• -tär
• -uri

From Proto-Finnic *-in (superlative suffix) (related to Karelian -in), probably from Proto-Uralic *-ma. The oblique stem -impA, -immA is influenced by the oblique stem -mpA, -mmA of comparatives.

-in

1. Forms superlative adjectives.

   ‎heikko (“weak”) + ‎-in → ‎heikoin (“weakest”)

   ‎matala (“low, shallow”) + ‎-in → ‎matalin (“lowest, shallowest”)

   ‎ruma (“ugly”) + ‎-in → ‎rumin (“ugliest”)

   ‎suuri (“large, big”) + ‎-in → ‎suurin (“largest, biggest”)

Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)

Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)

• -mpi

See -n.

-in

1. Instructive plural suffix.

   kaksin käsin ― with two hands

   paljain silmin ― with bare eyes

   pitkin askelin ― with long steps

   hyvissä ajoin ― in good time

Probably by metathesis.

-in (poetic)

1. A variant for the first-person singular possessive suffix -ni.

   rakkain (for rakkaani)

   syödäksein (for syödäkseni)

The use of this suffix is restricted to cases where it is not preceded by a labial vowel (o, u, y, ö), the vowel i, a long vowel (it is shortened if necessary) or a diphthong (since it itself forms a diphthong). It is not used if the resulting word would be monosyllabic.

From Proto-Finnic *-in (adjectival suffix), a variant of the diminutive suffix Proto-Finnic *-ma.

-in

1. (non-productive) Forms some adjectives.

Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)

Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)

From Proto-Finnic *-den (genitive plural suffix for some nouns), from the nominative plural ending *-t + genitive ending *-n (with an epenthetic *-e-).

-in (rare)

1. Forms the genitive plural.

• Suffixed to the nominative singular but the final -i changes to -e-.
• Note, however, that the more common suffix for the genitive plural is -en added to the plural stem ending with i or j. A link consonant d is also sometimes present.
• Nowadays this suffix is rare and usually gives an archaic tone. Certain proper nouns, however, retain this, e.g. Yhdysvaltain, from Yhdysvallat ("United States", singular stem Yhdysvalta-), where also the more modern form Yhdysvaltojen is possible.

• -den
• -en
• -n
• -ten
• -tten

See -Vn (illative suffix).

-in

1. Suffix variant for the illative singular, see -Vn.

• -ni

Inherited from Latin -īnus, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos.

• IPA^(key): /ɛ̃/

-in (feminine -ine, masculine plural -ins, feminine plural -ines)

1. forms adjectives indicating a quality; -ish, -ic

   ‎enfant (“child”) + ‎-in → ‎enfantin (“childish”)

-in m (plural -ins, feminine -ine)

1. forms nouns with a diminutive or pejorative quality

   ‎plaisant (“pleasant”) + ‎-in → ‎plaisantin (“joker, wiseass”)

   ‎ours (“bear”) + ‎-in → ‎oursin (“urchin”)

   ‎crotte (“animal dropping”) + ‎-in → ‎crottin (“manure”)

-in

1. (Pulaar) makes verbs causative

   ‎jangude (“study, learn”) + ‎-in → ‎janginde (“teach”)

   ‎famude (“to unserstand”) + ‎-in → ‎faminde (“to explain something to someone”)

From Middle High German -inne, -in, from Old High German -inna, -in, from Proto-West Germanic *-ini, from Proto-Germanic *-inī.

• -inn, -inne (both obsolete)

• IPA^(key): /ɪn/, [ɪn]

• Audio:

  (file)

• For speakers who realise -en as [ən], the distinction between both may at times be weak. However, most speakers have a syllabic nasal in -en and hence keep a very clear distinction.

-in f (genitive -in, plural -innen)

2. creates the female form for many nouns for living beings; umlaut usually occurs in monosyllables, but rarely in polysyllables

   ‎Arbeitgeber (“employer”) + ‎-in → ‎Arbeitgeberin (“employer (female person or sexless company)”)

   ‎Autor (“author”) + ‎-in → ‎Autorin (“author (female person, i.e. a female author or authoress, or sexless company, abstract thing)”)

   ‎Gott (“god”) + ‎-in → ‎Göttin (“female god, goddess”)

   ‎Hund (“dog”) + ‎-in → ‎Hündin (“female dog, she-dog, bitch”)

   ‎Katze f (“cat”) + ‎-in → ‎Kätzin (“female cat, she-cat”)

   ‎Sänger (“singer”) + ‎-in → ‎Sängerin (“female singer”)

   ‎Pastor (“pastor”) + ‎-in → ‎Pastorin (“female pastor”)

   1. (dated) names the wife of a person

      ‎Pastor (“pastor”) + ‎-in → ‎Pastorin (“wife of a pastor”)

   2. (dated) creates female personal names (for wives and daughters)

      Schwarz (proper noun) → Schwarzin (a female person with the name Schwarz, that is the wife or daughter of someone named Schwarz)

      • 1743, Grosses vollständiges Universal Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Künste, Welche bishero durch menschlichen Verstand und Witz erfunden und verbessert worden […] Fünf und Dreyßigster Band Schle-Schwa, Leipzig & Hallle, page 2007:

        Schwartzin, (Sibylle) […] war eine Tochter Christian Schwartzens, […] gebohren 1621 […] und starb 1638 den 13 Jul.

        Schwartz (Sibylle [given name]) […] was a daughter of Christian Schwartz, […] born in 1621 […] and died on 13th July 1638.

• → Esperanto: -ino

From Latin -īnus, from Ancient Greek -ινος (-inos).

• IPA^(key): /-ˈiːn/

• Audio:

  (file)

-in n (genitive -ins, plural -ine)

2. (chemistry) -yne; -ine

From Proto-Slavic *-inъ.

• IPA^(key): /-ˈiːn/

• Audio:

  (file)

-in n (genitive -ins)

2. A suffix found in place names of Slavic origin, especially in northeastern Germany

-in

1. See -in-.

Borrowed from Betawi -in, from Balinese -in.

• IPA^(key): /ɪn/
• Hyphenation: in

-in (non-active/imperative/basic -in, active nge- -in, passive di- -in) (colloquial, dialectal)

1. Used to form benefactive aspect on a verb.

   beli (“to buy”) → beliin (“to buy (for)”)

   bikin (“to make”) → bikinin (“to make (for)”)

2. Used to intensify a verb.

   liat (“to see”) → liatin (“to look”)

   denger (“to hear”) → dengerin (“to listen”)

3. Used to form causative aspect on a verb.

   besar (“big”) → besarin (“to make big; to enlarge; to raise”)

   panjang (“long”) → panjangin (“to make long; to extend”)

4. Used to transitivize a verb

   naik (“to go up”) (intransitive) → naikin (“to go up”) (transitive)

   ketawa (“to laugh”) → ketawain (“to laugh at”)

• Especially for forming the causative aspect, this suffix can form a verb that is derived from an adjective or noun.

From Proto-Finnic *-inën. Cognates include Finnish -inen, -nen and Estonian -ne.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-jne/, [-jne̞]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-in/, [-in]

-in

2. Forms adjectives indicating the material of which something is made; -en

   ‎puu (“wood”) + ‎-in → ‎puin (“wooden”)

4. Forms diminutive nouns; -ie

   ‎lintu (“bird”) + ‎-in → ‎lintuin (“birdie”)

(back-vocalic) Declension of -in (type 1/kärpäin, no gradation) singular plural nominative -in -iset genitive -isen -isiin partitive -ista, -ist -isia illative -isee -isii inessive -isees -isiis elative -isest -isist allative -iselle -isille adessive -iseel -isiil ablative -iselt -isilt translative -iseks -isiks essive -isenna, -iseen -isinna, -isiin exessive1) -isent -isint 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

(front-vocalic) Declension of -in (type 1/kärpäin, no gradation) singular plural nominative -in -iset genitive -isen -isiin partitive -istä, -ist -isiä illative -isee -isii inessive -isees -isiis elative -isest -isist allative -iselle -isille adessive -iseel -isiil ablative -iselt -isilt translative -iseks -isiks essive -isennä, -iseen -isinnä, -isiin exessive1) -isent -isint 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

• -hiin

From Proto-Finnic *-in. Cognates include Finnish -in and Estonian -i.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-in/, [-in]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-in/, [-in]

-in

2. Forms instrumental nouns from verbs.

   ‎avata (“to open”) + ‎-in → ‎avvain (“key”)

(back-vocalic) Declension of -in (type 15/syän, no gradation) singular plural nominative -in -imet genitive -imen -imiin partitive -inta, -int -imia illative -imee -imii inessive -imees -imiis elative -imest -imist allative -imelle -imille adessive -imeel -imiil ablative -imelt -imilt translative -imeks -imiks essive -imenna, -imeen -iminna, -imiin exessive1) -iment -imint 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

(front-vocalic) Declension of -in (type 15/syän, no gradation) singular plural nominative -in -imet genitive -imen -imiin partitive -intä, -int -imiä illative -imee -imii inessive -imees -imiis elative -imest -imist allative -imelle -imille adessive -imeel -imiil ablative -imelt -imilt translative -imeks -imiks essive -imennä, -imeen -iminnä, -imiin exessive1) -iment -imint 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-in/, [-in]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-in/, [-in]

-in

1. inflection of -ia:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. first-person singular past indicative

-in f

1. (biochemistry) -in

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “-in”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

-in

1. Rōmaji transcription of いん

From Proto-Finnic *-in. Cognates include Finnish -in and Estonian -i.

• IPA^(key): /-in/

-in

1. Forms inanimate instrumental nouns from verbs.

   ‎avata (“to open”) + ‎-in → ‎avain (“key”)

This suffix needs an inflection-table template.

From Middle High German -inne, -in, -īn. Compare German -in.

• IPA^(key): /in/

-in

1. used to form the female versions of agent nouns

From Arabic ـِينَ (-īna), oblique case form of ـُونَ (-ūna), masculine personal plural suffix.

-in

1. a common plural suffix
   1. used in most nouns and adjectives derived with the native suffix -i

      ‎baħri (“sailor”) + ‎-in → ‎baħrin (“sailors”)

      ‎Malti (“Maltese”) + ‎-in → ‎Maltin

   2. used in participles and some other native adjectives

      ‎maqtugħ (“cut, cut-off”) + ‎-in → ‎maqtugħin

      ‎ħelu (“sweet”) + ‎-in → ‎ħelwin

• in

• (phonetic) IPA^(key): [ʲ‿inʲ, ˠ‿inʲ, ˠ‿ɯnʲ, ʷ‿inʲ, ʷ‿unʲ]
• (phonemic) IPA^(key): /-inʲ/
• Bender phonemes: {-in}

-in

1. of
2. from
3. for

This suffix is combined with nouns to create construct forms.

• Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

From Old Dutch *-īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.

-in

1. -en; creates adjectives for the material of which something is made.

• -ijn
• -en

• Dutch: -en

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈ-in/

From Proto-Samic *-jnē, originally the essive case of a possessive adjective in *-j-.

-in

1. The ending of the comitative singular case.

• This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

From Proto-Samic *-jnē, originally the plural essive form.

-in

1. The ending of the locative plural case.

• This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

-in

1. act on by hand (often with a sense of holding an object)

• aabaabiigin
• aabaabiiginan
• dagon
• dakon
• dakonan
• giziibiigin
• giziibiiginan
• zinigonan
• ziikoobiiginan

-in

1. A suffix denoting the first-person singular to second-person singular form of a transitive animate verb (vta)

• -n
• -on
• -oon

-in

1. A local inverse them sign denoting that the second-person prefix gi- is the theme (object) of a transitive animate verb (vta) while the first-person agent (subject) is denoted by the verbal suffixes.

• The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/in-final
• The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/in-final-654923

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-inъ.

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈin/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈin/

-in (adjective-forming suffix)

1. suffix deriving possessive adjectives from nouns of feminine gender, usually from proper and common personal nouns, sometimes also from nouns referring to animals

• -óv
• -í

• Czech: -in

From Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.

-īn

1. used to create adjectives from nouns

   ‎stein (“stone”) + ‎-īn → ‎steinīn (“made of stone”)

   ‎gold (“gold”) + ‎-īn → ‎guldīn (“golden”)

• German: -en

-in

1. inflection of -inn (adjective suffix):
   1. positive degree strong feminine nominative singular
   2. positive degree strong neuter nominative/accusative plural
2. inflection of -inn (participle suffix):
   1. strong feminine nominative singular
   2. strong neuter nominative/accusative plural
3. inflection of -inn (definite article suffix):
   1. feminine nominative singular
   2. neuter nominative/accusative plural

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-inъ.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /i(ː)n/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /in/

-in

1. forms adjectives

• Polish: -iny, -in

-in

1. Adjective in -ī/-inī/-i, meaning possessing what is denoted by the base.

Independent vowels and vowel bearers are shown in the list of alternative forms to accord with basic grammar rules. These are converted to dependent vowels when the suffix is used.

Words using this suffix are listed in their own category. Note that normally only the Latin script forms are listed, as etymology sections are normally restricted to the Latin script form.

• -yn

• IPA^(key): /in/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -in
• Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

-in m inan

1. (chemistry) -ite

   ‎arsen + ‎-in → ‎arsenin

Inherited from Old Polish -in, from Proto-Slavic *-inъ.

-in

1. Alternative form of -iny

• -in in Polish dictionaries at PWN

-in

1. Pronunciation spelling of -inho.

• -im, -in'

• -in', -ing

• IPA^(key): /ɪn/, /ɪŋ/

From Middle English -ing, from Old English -ing, -ung, from Proto-West Germanic *-ingu, *-ungu.

-in

1. Used to form present participles of verbs.
2. Used to form nouns from verbs.

From Middle English -ing, from Old English -ing.

-in

1. Forms diminutives or to form collectives.

• “-in, suff.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

-in m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ines)

1. Alternative form of -ing

• -hin
• -nin
• -rin

From Proto-Philippine *-ən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ən, from Proto-Austronesian *-ən.

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /in/ [ɪn̪], (colloquial) /en/ [ɛn̪]
• Rhymes: -in
• Syllabification: -in

-in (verb-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜈ᜔ or ᜁᜈ᜔)

1. object trigger: to perform the action of the verb to someone or something

   Lulutuin ko ang isda. ― I will cook the fish (literally, “The fish will be cooked by me.”) (The fish is focused.)

2. directional trigger: to do something in the (physical or psychological) direction of

   Dinalaw namin ang lola ni Olivia. ― We visited the grandmother of Olivia. (literally, “Olivia's grandmother was visited by us.”) (The grandmother is focused.)

3. actor trigger: to be affected or overtaken by a condition, feeling or phenomenon

   Binabaha ang bahay niya. ― His house gets flooded. (His house is focused.)

4. object trigger: (with root word reduplication) to do something occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and there

   Iniisip ko minsan ang nakaraan ko. ― I sometimes think about my past. (literally, “My past is sometimes thought about by me.”) (My past is focused.)

-in (adjective-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜈ᜔ or ᜁᜈ᜔)

1. prone to, susceptible to

   ‎lagnat (“fever”) + ‎-in → ‎lagnatin (“prone to fever”)

   ‎sakit (“illness”) + ‎-in → ‎sakitin (“prone to illness”)

-in (noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜈ᜔ or ᜁᜈ᜔)

1. an object of the action expressed by the root

   ‎awit (“singing, song”) + ‎-in → ‎awitin (“song”)

   ‎aral (“lesson, studying”) + ‎-in → ‎aralin (“studies”)

2. (Quezon) nature and origin suffix

   ‎Quezon (“province”) + ‎-in → ‎Quezonin (“a native of Quezon”)

   ‎Sampaloc (“municipality”) + ‎-in → ‎Sampalukin (“a native of Sampaloc, Quezon”)

   ‎bayan (“town center or poblacion”) + ‎-in → ‎bayanin (“a local from the town center”)

   ‎linang (“farm or remote area”) + ‎-in → ‎linangin (“a local from the farm”)

• Normally, /h/ is inserted before -in when the root word ends with a vowel that is not followed by a glottal stop. In some cases, phoneme change can occur and /h/ becomes /n/.

  ‎sabi + ‎-hin → ‎sabihin

  ‎talo + ‎-nin → ‎talunin

• Sometimes, the final vowel of the root word disappears when the suffix is added.

  ‎sunod + ‎-in → ‎sundin

  ‎kamit + ‎-in → ‎kamtin

• Due to allophony, /d/ turns into /r/ when inserted before -in.

  ‎hangad + ‎-in → ‎hangarin

  ‎baligtad + ‎-in → ‎baligtarin

  ‎bayad + ‎-in → ‎bayarin

• ni

From Proto-Turkic *-niŋ.

-in

1. Genitive case suffix for the nouns which end in a consonant

   ‎öğretmen (“teacher”) + ‎-in → ‎öğretmenin (“teacher's/of the teacher”)

• It's used only when the word's last vowel is "e" or "i". It may change into -ün, -ın and -un according to the last vowel of the word.

  ‎yüz + ‎-ün → ‎yüzün (the last vowel is "ö" or "ü")

  ‎saç + ‎-ın → ‎saçın (the last vowel is "a" or "ı")

  ‎yol + ‎-un → ‎yolun (the last vowel is "o" or "u")

• If the word ends in "p", "ç", "t" or "k", it may change them into "b", "c", "d" and "ğ" (see below).

  ‎sebep + ‎-in → ‎sebebin

  ‎köpek + ‎-in → ‎köpeğin

  ‎çekiç + ‎-in → ‎çekicin

  ‎senet + ‎-in → ‎senedin

• It may cause the last vowel of the word dropped.

  ‎beyin + ‎-in → ‎beynin

• If the word ends in a vowel, it's used with an auxiliary consonant; "n".

  ‎peri + ‎-nin → ‎perinin

• It must be used with an apostrophe if it's appended to a proper noun. It cannot cause consonant voicing (point 3).

  ‎Canberk + ‎-in → ‎Canberk'in

From Proto-Turkic *-iŋ.

-in

1. Second-person singular possessive suffix denoting singular possession in words ending in a consonant.

   ‎ev (“house”) + ‎-in → ‎evin (“your house”)

   ‎ofis (“office”) + ‎-in → ‎ofisin (“your office”)

• If the noun ends in a vowel, it becomes -n

  ‎kedi + ‎-n → ‎kedin

• It's used only when the word's last vowel is "e" or "i". It may change into -ün, -ın and -un according to the last vowel of the word.

  ‎yüz + ‎-ün → ‎yüzün (the last vowel is "ö" or "ü")

  ‎saç + ‎-ın → ‎saçın (the last vowel is "a" or "ı")

  ‎yol + ‎-un → ‎yolun (the last vowel is "o" or "u")

• If the word ends in "p", "ç", "t" or "k", it may change them into "b", "c", "d" and "ğ".

  ‎sebep + ‎-in → ‎sebebin

  ‎köpek + ‎-in → ‎köpeğin

  ‎çekiç + ‎-in → ‎çekicin

  ‎senet + ‎-in → ‎senedin

• It may cause the last vowel of the word dropped.

  ‎beyin + ‎-in → ‎beynin

• It must be used with an apostrophe if it's appended to a proper noun.

  ‎Canberk + ‎-in → ‎Canberk'in

-in

2. Reflexive suffix

   ‎giy- (“to wear”) + ‎-in → ‎giyin- (“to dress oneself”)

From Proto-Brythonic *-in, from Proto-Celtic *-īnos, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos.

• IPA^(key): /ɪn/
• Rhymes: -ɪn

-in f

1. forms nouns characterised by root

   ‎hesb (“barren, sterile”) + ‎-in → ‎hesbin (“young ewe”)

   ‎crib (“comb”) + ‎-in → ‎cribin (“rake”)

2. (obsolete) forms adjectives from nouns, usually nouns of material

   ‎pridd (“soil, earth”) + ‎-in → ‎priddin (“earthen”)

   ‎aur (“gold”) + ‎-in → ‎eurin (“golden”)

   ‎lledr (“leather”) + ‎-in → ‎lledrin (“leathern”)

3. forms adjectives from other adjectives

   ‎garw (“rough”) + ‎-in → ‎gerwin (“severe, harsh”)

-in causes i-affection of preceding vowels, e.g., ‎aur (“gold”) + ‎-in → ‎eurin (“golden”), ‎garw (“rough”) + ‎-in → ‎gerwin (“severe, harsh”).

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-in”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

-in

1. forms nouns of manner

   ‎dox (“to walk”) + ‎-in → ‎doxin (“gait, walk, stride”)

   ‎sol (“to put on a garment of clothing”) + ‎-in → ‎colin (“a manner of dressing”)