topata

²⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
³⁾ Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

⁴⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.

3rd

inessive

toppaamassa

—

elative

toppaamasta

—

illative

toppaamaan

—

adessive

toppaamalla

—

abessive

toppaamatta

—

instructive

toppaaman

topattaman

4th³

verbal noun

toppaaminen

5th¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	toppaamaisillani	toppaamaisillamme
2nd	toppaamaisillasi	toppaamaisillanne
3rd	toppaamaisillaan toppaamaisillansa

Derived terms

compounds

Anagrams

patoat

Ingrian

Etymology

Borrowed from a Germanic language. Cognate with Finnish topata and Estonian topata.

Probably also influenced by Russian топать (topatʹ) and штопать (štopatʹ).

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈtopɑtɑ/, [ˈto̞pɑt]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈtopɑtɑ/, [ˈto̞b̥ɑd̥ɑ]
Rhymes: -opɑt, -opɑtɑ
Hyphenation: to‧pa‧ta

Verb

topata

(intransitive) to stamp; to stomp
(transitive) to darn (mend by stitching with yarn or thread)

Conjugation

Conjugation of topata (type 16/maata, pp-p gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	toppaan	en toppaa	1st singular	oon topant, oon topannut	en oo topant, en oo topannut
2nd singular	toppaat	et toppaa	2nd singular	oot topant, oot topannut	et oo topant, et oo topannut
3rd singular	toppajaa	ei toppaa	3rd singular	ono topant, ono topannut	ei oo topant, ei oo topannut
1st plural	toppaamma	emmä toppaa	1st plural	oomma topanneet	emmä oo topanneet
2nd plural	toppaatta	että toppaa	2nd plural	ootta topanneet	että oo topanneet
3rd plural	toppajaat¹⁾, toppaavat²⁾, topataa	evät toppaa, ei topata	3rd plural	ovat topanneet	evät oo topanneet, ei oo topattu
impersonal	topataa	ei topata	impersonal	ono topattu	ei oo topattu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	toppaisin	en topant, en topannut	1st singular	olin topant, olin topannut	en olt topant, en olt topannut
2nd singular	toppaisit, toppaist¹⁾	et topant, et topannut	2nd singular	olit topant, olit topannut	et olt topant, et olt topannut
3rd singular	toppais	ei topant, ei topannut	3rd singular	oli topant, oli topannut	ei olt topant, ei olt topannut
1st plural	toppaisimma	emmä topanneet	1st plural	olimma topanneet	emmä olleet topanneet
2nd plural	toppaisitta	että topanneet	2nd plural	olitta topanneet	että olleet topanneet
3rd plural	toppaisiit¹⁾, toppaisivat²⁾, topattii	evät topanneet, ei topattu	3rd plural	olivat topanneet	evät olleet topanneet, ei olt topattu
impersonal	topattii	ei topattu	impersonal	oli topattu	ei olt topattu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	toppajaisin	en toppajais	1st singular	olisin topant, olisin topannut	en olis topant, en olis topannut
2nd singular	toppajaisit, toppajaist¹⁾	et toppajais	2nd singular	olisit topant, olisit topannut	et olis topant, et olis topannut
3rd singular	toppajais	ei toppajais	3rd singular	olis topant, olis topannut	ei olis topant, ei olis topannut
1st plural	toppajaisimma	emmä toppajais	1st plural	olisimma topanneet	emmä olis topanneet
2nd plural	toppajaisitta	että toppajais	2nd plural	olisitta topanneet	että olis topanneet
3rd plural	toppajaisiit¹⁾, toppajaisivat²⁾, topattais	evät toppajais, ei topattais	3rd plural	olisivat topanneet	evät olis topanneet, ei olis topattu
impersonal	topattais	ei topattais	impersonal	olis topattu	ei olis topattu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	toppaa	elä toppaa	2nd singular	oo topant, oo topannut	elä oo topant, elä oo topannut
3rd singular	topatkoo	elköö topatko	3rd singular	olkoo topant, olkoo topannut	elköö olko topant, elköö olko topannut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	topatkaa	elkää topatko	2nd plural	olkaa topanneet	elkää olko topanneet
3rd plural	topatkoot	elkööt topatko, elköö topattako	3rd plural	olkoot topanneet	elkööt olko topanneet, elköö olko topattu
impersonal	topattakkoo	elköö topattako	impersonal	olkoo topattu	elköö olko topattu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	topannen	en topanne
2nd singular	topannet	et topanne
3rd singular	topannoo	ei topanne
1st plural	topannemma	emmä topanne
2nd plural	topannetta	että topanne
3rd plural	topannoot	evät topanne, ei topattane
impersonal	topattannoo	ei topattane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		topata	present	toppaava	topattava
2nd	inessive	topatees	past	topant, topannut	topattu
2nd	instructive	topaten	¹⁾ Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. ²⁾ Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. ^) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (topatkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. ^) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) to the indicative ^*) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) or -kse* to either the indicative or the potential ^***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-*, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	toppaamaa
	inessive	toppaamaas
	elative	toppaamast
	abessive	toppaamata
4th	nominative	toppaamiin
	partitive	toppaamista, toppaamist

Synonyms

(to darn): štoopata

References

Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 588

Finnish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Further reading

Anagrams

Ingrian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Synonyms

References