incendo

From in- (“in”) +‎ *cendō < candeō.^[1]

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /inˈken.doː/, [ɪŋˈkɛn̪d̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /inˈt͡ʃen.do/, [in̠ʲˈt͡ʃɛn̪d̪o]

incendō (present infinitive incendere, perfect active incendī, supine incēnsum); third conjugation

1. (transitive) to set on fire, burn, kindle

   Synonyms: ūrō, īnflammō, flammō, cōnflagrō, flagrō, accendō, ārdeō, cremō, adoleō

   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.264:

     hic iam galbaneos suadebo incendere odores

     Then I would urge you to burn fragrant resin of galbanum

2. (transitive) to heat, make hot, scorch
3. (transitive) to light up with fire, make a fire upon
4. (transitive) to make bright or shining, light up, brighten; adorn

   Synonyms: lūstrō, clārō

5. (transitive, figuratively) to set on fire, inflame, excite, rouse, incite; incense, irritate

   Synonyms: excitō, īnstīgō, īnstinguō, exciō, irrītō, stimulō, percieō, concieō, cieō, concitō, urgeō, impellō, īnflammō, moveō, mōlior, adhortor, sollicitō, ērigō

   Antonyms: domō, lēniō, sōpiō, sēdō, dēlēniō, plācō, restinguō, coerceō, mītigō, commītigō, ēlevō, levō, allevō, alleviō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.196–197:

     Prōtinus ad rēgem cursus dētorquet Iarbān,
     incenditque animum dictīs atque aggerat īrās.

     At once [Rumor] turns her course to King Iarbas, and she inflames his passion with her tales and swells his wrath.

6. (transitive, figuratively) to enhance, raise, intensify

   Synonyms: ērigō, augeō

7. (transitive, figuratively) to ruin, destroy, lay waste

   Synonyms: ruīnō, dēvāstō, ēvāstō, vāstō, aboleō, occīdō, prōflīgō, dēstruō, exscindō, impellō, accīdō, tollō, dīruō, sepeliō, populor, interimō, perimō, trucīdō

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

• incendiālis
• incendiārius
• incendiōsus

• “incendo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “incendo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• incendo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to set buildings on fire: accendere, incendere aedificia
    
  • to make some one enthusiastic for a thing: studio alicuius rei aliquem incendere
    
  • to become furious: furore inflammari, incendi
    
  • to fire a town: oppidum incendere