hrífa
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Icelandic
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From the Old Norse hrífa (“rake”), cognate with Danish rive. From the following verb.
Noun
[edit]hrífa f (genitive singular hrífu, nominative plural hrífur)
Declension
[edit]Declension of hrífa | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
f-w1 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | hrífa | hrífan | hrífur | hrífurnar |
accusative | hrífu | hrífuna | hrífur | hrífurnar |
dative | hrífu | hrífunni | hrífum | hrífunum |
genitive | hrífu | hrífunnar | hrífa | hrífanna |
Etymology 2
[edit]From the Old Norse hrífa (“to grip, snatch”), from Proto-Germanic *hrībaną (“to grip, snatch”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ- (“to scratch”). Has become conflated with Proto-Germanic *rīfaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear”), in each subsequent daughter language, cf. Old English gehrīfnian (“to become fierce, rapacious”) and Old Frisian hrīva (“to tear”). Ultimately the sense is 'to make an impression on'.
Verb
[edit]hrífa (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative hreif, third-person plural past indicative hrifu, supine hrifið)
- (transitive, intransitive, with accusative) to enchant, to carry away, to move somebody
- (intransitive) to become effective, to take effect
- Lyfið hreif mjög fljótt.
- The drug took effect very quickly.
Conjugation
[edit]hrífa — active voice (germynd)
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að hrífa | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
hrifið | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
hrífandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég hríf | við hrífum | present (nútíð) |
ég hrífi | við hrífum |
þú hrífur | þið hrífið | þú hrífir | þið hrífið | ||
hann, hún, það hrífur | þeir, þær, þau hrífa | hann, hún, það hrífi | þeir, þær, þau hrífi | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég hreif | við hrifum | past (þátíð) |
ég hrifi | við hrifum |
þú hreifst | þið hrifuð | þú hrifir | þið hrifuð | ||
hann, hún, það hreif | þeir, þær, þau hrifu | hann, hún, það hrifi | þeir, þær, þau hrifu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
hríf (þú) | hrífið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
hrífðu | hrífiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að hrífast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
hrifist | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
hrífandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég hrífst | við hrífumst | present (nútíð) |
ég hrífist | við hrífumst |
þú hrífst | þið hrífist | þú hrífist | þið hrífist | ||
hann, hún, það hrífst | þeir, þær, þau hrífast | hann, hún, það hrífist | þeir, þær, þau hrífist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég hreifst | við hrifumst | past (þátíð) |
ég hrifist | við hrifumst |
þú hreifst | þið hrifust | þú hrifist | þið hrifust | ||
hann, hún, það hreifst | þeir, þær, þau hrifust | hann, hún, það hrifist | þeir, þær, þau hrifust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
hrífst (þú) | hrífist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
hrífstu | hrífisti * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
hrifinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
hrifinn | hrifin | hrifið | hrifnir | hrifnar | hrifin | |
accusative (þolfall) |
hrifinn | hrifna | hrifið | hrifna | hrifnar | hrifin | |
dative (þágufall) |
hrifnum | hrifinni | hrifnu | hrifnum | hrifnum | hrifnum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
hrifins | hrifinnar | hrifins | hrifinna | hrifinna | hrifinna | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
hrifni | hrifna | hrifna | hrifnu | hrifnu | hrifnu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
hrifna | hrifnu | hrifna | hrifnu | hrifnu | hrifnu | |
dative (þágufall) |
hrifna | hrifnu | hrifna | hrifnu | hrifnu | hrifnu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
hrifna | hrifnu | hrifna | hrifnu | hrifnu | hrifnu |
Derived terms
[edit]Categories:
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/iːva
- Rhymes:Icelandic/iːva/2 syllables
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic nouns
- Icelandic feminine nouns
- Icelandic countable nouns
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Icelandic verbs
- Icelandic strong verbs
- Icelandic transitive verbs
- Icelandic intransitive verbs
- Icelandic terms with usage examples
- Icelandic class 1 strong verbs