fil

fil

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Filipino.

Of North Germanic origin, from Swedish fil. Also related to Finnish viili.

fil (uncountable)

1. A Nordic dairy product, similar to yogurt, but using different bacteria which give a different taste and texture.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

fil (plural fils)

1. (chess) Alternative form of alfil.

• LIF, lif

• IPA^(key): /ˈfil/
• Rhymes: -il

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish فیل (fil).

fil f (plural fila or (archaic) file)

1. elephant

   Synonym: elefant

2. (chess) bishop

   Synonym: oficer

• “fil i”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe‎^[2] (in Albanian), 1980, page 470a
• Bufli, G., Rocchi, L. (2021) “fil”, in A historical-etymological dictionary of Turkisms in Albanian (1555–1954), Trieste: Edizioni Università di Trieste, page 159
• Mann, S. E. (1948) “fil”, in An Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page 107a
• Meyer, G. (1891) “fiľ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, page 104f.
• Jungg, G. (1895) “fil”, in Fialuur i voghel sccȣp e ltinisct, page 30

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

fil m (plural filë) (nautical)

1. gunwale

• “fil i”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe‎^[3] (in Albanian), 1980, page 470a

Other scripts

Cyrillic		фил
Abjad		فیل

Borrowed from Arabic فِيل (fīl).

• IPA^(key): /fil/

• Audio:

  (file)

fil (definite accusative fili, plural fillər)

1. elephant
2. (chess) bishop

Declension of fil
	singular	plural
nominative	fil	fillər
definite accusative	fili	filləri
dative	filə	fillərə
locative	fildə	fillərdə
ablative	fildən	fillərdən
definite genitive	filin	fillərin

Possessive forms of fil
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	filim	fillərim
sənin (“your”)	filin	fillərin
onun (“his/her/its”)	fili	filləri
bizim (“our”)	filimiz	fillərimiz
sizin (“your”)	filiniz	filləriniz
onların (“their”)	fili or filləri	filləri
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	filimi	fillərimi
sənin (“your”)	filini	fillərini
onun (“his/her/its”)	filini	fillərini
bizim (“our”)	filimizi	fillərimizi
sizin (“your”)	filinizi	fillərinizi
onların (“their”)	filini or fillərini	fillərini
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	filimə	fillərimə
sənin (“your”)	filinə	fillərinə
onun (“his/her/its”)	filinə	fillərinə
bizim (“our”)	filimizə	fillərimizə
sizin (“your”)	filinizə	fillərinizə
onların (“their”)	filinə or fillərinə	fillərinə
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	filimdə	fillərimdə
sənin (“your”)	filində	fillərində
onun (“his/her/its”)	filində	fillərində
bizim (“our”)	filimizdə	fillərimizdə
sizin (“your”)	filinizdə	fillərinizdə
onların (“their”)	filində or fillərində	fillərində
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	filimdən	fillərimdən
sənin (“your”)	filindən	fillərindən
onun (“his/her/its”)	filindən	fillərindən
bizim (“our”)	filimizdən	fillərimizdən
sizin (“your”)	filinizdən	fillərinizdən
onların (“their”)	filindən or fillərindən	fillərindən
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	filimin	fillərimin
sənin (“your”)	filinin	fillərinin
onun (“his/her/its”)	filinin	fillərinin
bizim (“our”)	filimizin	fillərimizin
sizin (“your”)	filinizin	fillərinizin
onların (“their”)	filinin or fillərinin	fillərinin

• → Georgian: ფილ (pil) — Ingilo

Chess pieces in Azerbaijani · şahmat fiqurları (layout · text)
şah	vəzir	top	fil	at	piyada

Inherited from Latin fīlum.

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈfil]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -il

fil m (plural fils)

1. thread, wire
2. (Internet) discussion thread

   Synonym: tema

• “fil” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “fil”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “fil” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “fil” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Borrowed from Arabic فِيل (fīl).

fil

1. elephant
2. (chess) bishop

• fil balası

• “fil”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

Ultimately from Latin fīlum. Judging by the /i/, presumably borrowed from Venetan or Italian filo.

fil m

1. thread

• filuor

• Bartoli, Matteo (1906) Il Dalmatico: Resti di un’antica lingua romanza parlata da Veglia a Ragusa e sua collocazione nella Romània appenino-balcanica, Rome: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, published 2000, page 180

From Middle Low German vīle, from Old Saxon fila, from Proto-West Germanic *fį̄hlu.

• IPA^(key): /fiːl/, [fiːˀl]
• Rhymes: -iːl

fil c (singular definite filen, plural indefinite file)

1. file (tool)

Borrowed from English file (“an aggregation of data”) (1962).

• IPA^(key): /fiːl/, [fiːˀl]

fil c (singular definite filen, plural indefinite filer)

1. file (computer terminology)

See file.

• IPA^(key): /fiːl/, [fiːˀl]

fil

1. imperative of file

Inherited from Latin fīlum.

fil m (plural fils) (ORB, broad)

1. thread

• felar

• fil in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• fil in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

From Old French fil, from Latin fīlum.

• IPA^(key): /fil/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophones: file, filent, files, fils, Phil, -phile
• Rhymes: -il

fil m (plural fils)

1. yarn, thread, wire

   ne tenir qu’à un fil

   to hang by a thread

2. grain (of wood etc.)
3. edge (of blade, razor etc.)

• → English: file (“collection of papers”) (see there for further descendants)

• “fil”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

fil m (apocopated)

1. Apocopic form of filo

Inherited from Classical Persian فِیل (fīl).

• IPA^(key): /fɪl/

fil

1. elephant
2. (figuratively) anything huge and ponderous
3. (chess) bishop

From Arabic فِيل (fīl).

• IPA^(key): /fiːl/

fil m (plural fjiel)

1. (archaic) elephant

   Synonym: ljunfant

fil

1. Alternative form of fille

fil

1. Alternative form of fillen

• IPA^(key): /fiːl/
• Rhymes: -iːl

fil f or m (definite singular fila or filen, indefinite plural filer, definite plural filene)

1. A file.
2. A hand tool used for removing sharp edges or for cutting, especially through metal.
3. A section of roadway for a single line of vehicles, a lane.

• tekstfil

• “fil” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “fil_1” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
• “fil_3” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Borrowed from Swedish, from Old French. In the sense of a "computer file" it is borrowed from English file. Both the English and Swedish origins ultimately derive from Latin filum.

• IPA^(key): /fiːl/

fil f (definite singular fila, indefinite plural filer, definite plural filene)

1. (computing) a file
2. (driving) a lane

Until 1983, this noun was also considered masculine.

• datafil
• køyrefil

From Middle Low German.

• IPA^(key): /fiːl/

fil f (definite singular fila, indefinite plural filer, definite plural filene)

1. a file (a hand tool)

Possibly shortened from Danish pamfilius. However, it might also be a native clipping of pamfil.^[1]

• IPA^(key): /fiːl/

fil f (definite singular fila, indefinite plural filer, definite plural filene)

1. (card games) knave (esp. of clubs)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

fil

1. imperative of file

• “fil” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

• fli

From Latin fīlum.

• IPA^(key): (Limousin) [ˈfjaʷ]^[1]
• IPA^(key): (Auvergnat) [ˈfjɑʷ]
• IPA^(key): (Gascon) [ˈhiu̯]

• Audio (Gascony):

  (file)

• IPA^(key): (East Languedocien) [ˈfiu̯]
• IPA^(key): (West Languedocien) [ˈfil]

• Audio (West Languedoc):

  (file)

fil m (plural fils)

1. thread

• Müller, Daniela. 2011. Developments of the lateral in Occitan dialects and their Romance and cross-linguistic context. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Toulouse.

From Latin fīlium, accusative singular of fīlius. The nominative form fiz, fils (whence modern French fils), derives from the Latin nominative.

• IPA^(key): /fil/, /fiʎ/

fil oblique singular, m (oblique plural fiz or filz, nominative singular fiz or filz, nominative plural fil)

1. son (male child)

• Bourguignon: fi
• Walloon: fi

See filz for descendants from the nominative singular inflection.

From Latin fīlum.

• IPA^(key): /fil/

fil oblique singular, m (oblique plural fis, nominative singular fis, nominative plural fil)

1. thread (fine strand of material)
   • c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:

     A fil d'or ovree et tissue.

     It was made and woven from fine threads of gold

• French: fil

• fail, feil, fel
• fele, file (relative)

Originally ·fil (“you see”) and ·feil (“one sees”). From Proto-Celtic *weleti (“to see”), from Proto-Indo-European *wél-e-ti (“see”), compare Welsh gweled (“to see”). For the semantic development from "see" to "there is" compare Welsh dyma (“there is”) shortened from Middle Welsh wely di yma? (“do you see?”) or French voici (“here is”) from vois ci (“see here”).^[1]

• IPA^(key): [ɸʲilʲ]

·fil

1. present progressive conjunct of at·tá
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 19^c20

     Má nudub·feil i n‑ellug coirp Críst, adib cland Abrache amal ṡodin, et it sib ata chomarpi Abracham.

     If you pl are in the union of the body of Christ, you are Abraham’s children in that case, and it is you who are Abraham’s heirs.

   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26^b7

     De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”

     Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.

fil

1. third-person singular present progressive relative of at·tá
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 77^a15

     Is dúnn imchumurc fil isin chanóin fris·gair lessóm a n‑imchomarc n-ísiu .i. ne occideris .i. in ⸉n‑í⸊írr-siu .i. non. .i. nís·n‑ulemairbfe ci asid·roilliset.

     It is to the interrogation that is in the canon that this interrogation answers with him, i.e. ne occideris i.e. will you sg slay i.e. non i.e. you will not slay them all although they have deserved it.

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 114^b18

     nád fil nech con·gné fris ón acht Día

     that there is no one to help him but God

In the conjunct form, the logical subject appears in the accusative (or as an infixed object pronoun) in the oldest language. Examples:

• cinin·fil (“although we are not”)
• condib·feil (“so that you pl are”)
• má nudub·feil (“if you pl are”)
• nícon·ḟil nach rainn (“there is no part”)
• nín·fil (“we are not”)

• do·fil

• Irish: bhfuil, níl
• Manx: vel, nel
• Scottish Gaelic: bheil, eil

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
fil	ḟil	fil pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

• phil (alternative spelling)

Apocopic form of filo or fillo. Perhaps influenced by forms akin to Old Occitan fil.

• IPA^(key): /ˈfil/

fil m (plural filos or fillos)

1. Apocopic form of filo, son, child
   • c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 14v:

     Entra a pharaon q̃ ẏo engrauiare so coraçõ. de los sieruos del criador. Por poner eſtas mis ſẽnales. ⁊ cuẽtalo delãte tos fiios al fil de tos fijos. Todo lo q̃ fiz en egipto en tus ſẽnales q̃ pus en ellos e ſabredes q̃ ẏo so el ſẽnor.

     “Go to Pharaoh, for I will harden his heart toward the servants of the Creator, that I may perform these My signs. And recount before your children and the child of your children all that I did in Egypt through your signs that I put among them, and you will know that I am the Lord.”

From Old Norse fíll, from Arabic فِيل (fīl), from Middle Persian pyl (pīl), Akkadian 𒄠𒋛 (pīru).

fīl m

1. elephant (Elephantidae)

Inherited from Latin fīlum (“thread”).

• (Central Romagnol): IPA^(key): [ˈfiːl]

fil m (invariable) (Ravenna, Castel Bolognese)

1. thread

• fȉlj

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish فیل (fil) (modern Turkish fil), from Arabic فِيل (fīl), from Middle Persian pyl (pīl), from Akkadian 𒄠𒋛 (pīru). Akin to fìldiš.

• (fȉl): IPA^(key): /fîl/
• (fȋl): IPA^(key): /fîːl/

fȉl m (Cyrillic spelling фи̏л) or fȋl m (Cyrillic spelling фи̑л)

1. (regional) elephant

   Synonym: slȍn

• “fil”, in Hrvatski jezični portal (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
• Škaljić, Abdulah (1966) Turcizmi u srpskohrvatskom jeziku, Sarajevo: Svjetlost, page 283
• “fil”, in Речник српскохрватскога књижевног језика (in Serbo-Croatian), Друго фототипско издање edition, volume 6, Нови Сад, Загреб: Матица српска, Матица хрватска, 1967–1976, published 1990, page 668

From Middle Low German vīle, from Old Saxon fila, from Proto-West Germanic *fį̄hlu, from Proto-Germanic *finhlō. Cognate with English file and German Feile.

• IPA^(key): /fiːl/

• Audio:

  (file)

fil c

1. a file (a tool)

• bågfil
• fila
• filare
• filklove
• filning
• filspån
• järnfil

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “French file?”).

Row and lane (a row of vehicles) is one etymology, but as English file suggests computer file has a different etymology. However, the Swedish computer file is sometimes explained as a row of bytes, in attempt to shoehorn this new English loanword into the etymology of the existing word.

• IPA^(key): /fiːl/

• Audio:

  (file)

fil c

1. a row of objects; most commonly used about moving objects
2. a section of roadway for a single line of vehicles, a lane
3. (computing) file

row

• defilera

lane

• filkörning
• filmarkering

computer file

• fildelare
• fildelning
• filformat
• filhanterare
• filkatalog
• filnamn

Related to Icelandic þél (“fermented milk”), from Old Norse þéttr (“dense, tight”).

• IPA^(key): /fiːl/

• Audio:

  (file)

fil c (uncountable)

1. any product from a family of various (deliberately) soured milk products
2. abbreviation for filmjölk; a particular kind of fil as above

• filbunke
• filmjölk
• filpaket
• gräddfil
• långfil
• lättfil

• fil in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• fil in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• fil in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

• lif

From English field.

fil

1. sportsfield

From Ottoman Turkish فیل (fil), from Arabic فِيل (fīl), from Persian پیل (pil) (and from alternate Ottoman Turkish پیل (pil), directly from Persian پیل (pil)), from Akkadian 𒄠𒋛 (pīru), related to Egyptian ꜣbw (root of English elephant).

• IPA^(key): /fil/, [ˈfiʎ̟̊]

• Audio:

  (file)

fil (definite accusative fili, plural filler)

1. elephant
2. (chess) bishop

Inflection
Nominative	fil
Definite accusative	fili
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	fil	filler
Definite accusative	fili	filleri
Dative	file	fillere
Locative	filde	fillerde
Ablative	filden	fillerden
Genitive	filin	fillerin
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular filim fillerim 2nd singular filin fillerin 3rd singular fili filleri 1st plural filimiz fillerimiz 2nd plural filiniz filleriniz 3rd plural filleri filleri Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular filimi fillerimi 2nd singular filini fillerini 3rd singular filini fillerini 1st plural filimizi fillerimizi 2nd plural filinizi fillerinizi 3rd plural fillerini fillerini Dative Singular Plural 1st singular filime fillerime 2nd singular filine fillerine 3rd singular filine fillerine 1st plural filimize fillerimize 2nd plural filinize fillerinize 3rd plural fillerine fillerine Locative Singular Plural 1st singular filimde fillerimde 2nd singular filinde fillerinde 3rd singular filinde fillerinde 1st plural filimizde fillerimizde 2nd plural filinizde fillerinizde 3rd plural fillerinde fillerinde Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular filimden fillerimden 2nd singular filinden fillerinden 3rd singular filinden fillerinden 1st plural filimizden fillerimizden 2nd plural filinizden fillerinizden 3rd plural fillerinden fillerinden Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular filimin fillerimin 2nd singular filinin fillerinin 3rd singular filinin fillerinin 1st plural filimizin fillerimizin 2nd plural filinizin fillerinizin 3rd plural fillerinin fillerinin
Predicative forms Singular Plural 1st singular filim fillerim 2nd singular filsin fillersin 3rd singular fil fildir filler fillerdir 1st plural filiz filleriz 2nd plural filsiniz fillersiniz 3rd plural filler fillerdir

• “fil”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu

Other scripts
Yangi Imlo
Cyrillic	фил‍
Latin	fil‍
Perso-Arabic (Afghanistan)	فیل

Inherited from Chagatai فیل (fīl /⁠fīl⁠/), from Classical Persian فیل (fīl), from Arabic فِيلٌ m (fīlun), Middle Persian 𐭯𐭩𐭫 (pyl /⁠pīl⁠/), from Akkadian 𒄠𒋛 (/⁠pīru⁠/).

• IPA^(key): /fil/, [fil]
• Hyphenation: fil

fil (plural fillar)

1. elephant
2. (chess) bishop

fil (nominative plural fils)

1. fire

• IPA^(key): /viːl/

fil

1. soft mutation of mil

From Persian فیل (fil).

fil m

1. elephant^[1]