eala
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Irish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Irish ela, elae, from Old Irish elu,[1] from Proto-Celtic *eli- (“swan”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁el- (“swan”). Cognates within Celtic include Breton alarc’h, Cornish alargh, Welsh alarch, and outside Celtic Latin olor and Ancient Greek ἐλέα (eléa, “marsh bird”).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]eala f (genitive singular eala, nominative plural ealaí)
- swan
- 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 22:
- xøn̄ik mē ȧlə eŕ ə l̄ox.
- [Chonaic mé eala ar an loch.]
- I saw a swan on the lake.
- 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 22:
- əs mō šḱihān ən ȧlə n̄ā šḱihān ǵē.
- [Is mó sciathán an eala ná sciathán gé.]
- The wing of the swan is larger than the wing of a goose.
- 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 22:
- xuə šȧxt n-ȧlə harm̥ sn̥ ēr əńú.
- [Chuaigh seacht n-eala tharam san aer inniu.]
- Seven swans went past me in the air today.
Declension
[edit]
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Archaic dative singular: ealainn
Mutation
[edit]| radical | eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
|---|---|---|---|
| eala | n-eala | heala | not applicable |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ela”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*elV-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 114–15
- ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 75
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 81
Further reading
[edit]- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “eala”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 276
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “eala”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Old English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Perhaps from a compound whose elements answer to ēa (“oh!, ah!”) + lā (“lo”). Compare Old Frisian ēala (“hail!, hello!”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Interjection
[edit]ēalā
- oh; hey
- Ēalā frēond, hwȳ eart þū swā sċēoh?
- Oh friend, why are you so shy?
- late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
- Ēalā brōðor Eċġberht, ēalā, hwæt dydest þū?
- Oh brother Egbert, oh, what have you done?
Conjunction
[edit]ēalā
- if only
- c. 897, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care
- Ēalā wǣre hē āwðer oþþe hāt oþþe ċeald.
- If only he was either hot or cold.
- c. 897, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Old Frisian
[edit]Interjection
[edit]ēala
- hail!
- Eala, frya Fresena!
- Hail, free Frisians!
Scottish Gaelic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Irish ela, elae, from Old Irish elu, from Proto-Celtic *eli- (“swan”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁el- (“swan”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Lewis) IPA(key): /ˈjɑl̪ˠə/, [ˈæ̯ɑl̪ˠə][1]
- (North Uist) IPA(key): /ˈɛl̪ˠə/[2]
- (South Uist) IPA(key): /ˈɛ̯al̪ˠə/[3]
- (Barra) IPA(key): [ˈe̯æl̪ˠʌ][4]
Noun
[edit]eala f (genitive singular ealaidh, plural ealachan)
Mutation
[edit]| radical | eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
|---|---|---|---|
| eala | n-eala | h-eala | t-eala |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- ^ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
- ^ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)[1], Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh
- ^ Mac Gill-Fhinnein, Gordon (1966) Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas, Dublin: Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath
- ^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
Categories:
- Irish terms derived from Middle Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish lemmas
- Irish nouns
- Irish feminine nouns
- Irish terms with quotations
- Irish fourth-declension nouns
- ga:Swans
- Old English compound terms
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English interjections
- Old English terms with usage examples
- Old English terms with quotations
- Old English conjunctions
- Old Frisian lemmas
- Old Frisian interjections
- Old Frisian terms with usage examples
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Middle Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Scottish Gaelic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Scottish Gaelic lemmas
- Scottish Gaelic nouns
- Scottish Gaelic feminine nouns
- gd:Swans