bi-
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English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]PIE word |
---|
*dwóh₁ |
Borrowed from Latin bi-, from Proto-Italic *dwi-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwi-. Doublet of twi- and di-.
Alternative forms
[edit]Prefix
[edit]Previous: | uni- |
---|---|
Next: | tri- |
bi-
- Two in number.
- biarticular is affecting, or connecting two joints; biaxial is along two axes; bicoloured is of two colours
- Having or possessing two of the root word's quality.
- biangular is having two angles or corners, biantheriferous is having two anthers, bicardial is having two separate hearts, bikont is a eukaryotic cell with two flagella; thought to be the ancestor of all plants
- Both: referring to two as a set.
- biacetabular is relating to both acetabula, biallelic is of or pertaining to both alleles of a gene, bicaval is relating to both veins of the vena cava
- Being different in two ways with respect to the root.
- Forked, divided by two, halved; (chemistry, proscribed) half
- bifurcate is to divide or fork into two channels or branches, bicapitate is to divide something equally between two people or organisations, bicarinate is dividing into two points at the end
- Double, twofold.
- bialgebroid is a double algebroid, bifarious is twofold, double, biarticulated is doubly articulated
- (LGBTQ) Bisexual, relating to bisexuality.
- bicentric is having a bisexual bias or basis, biphobia is antipathy towards bisexuals, biromantic is romantically attracted to both males and females
- (anatomy) Bilateral, on both sides of the body.
- Twice.
- biannual is occurring twice a year, biannual is something occurring twice each year, biconjugate is paired twice
- Every two; a rate of once every two.
- biannual is occurring once every two years; biennial, bicentennial is occurring every two hundred (200) years
- A pair of; composed of two.
Usage notes
[edit]In an old, common method used to indicate the presence of an acidic hydrogen, sodium hydrogen sulfate is called "sodium bisulfate" and sodium hydrogen carbonate is called "sodium bicarbonate". This method is not recommended by IUPAC and does not denote a “doubling up” of a specific group, which is reserved for the Greek prefix di-, as in carbon dioxide (“CO2”).
The prefix bi in the older system comes from the observation that there is two times as much carbonate (CO3) in sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and other bicarbonates as in sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and other carbonates.
As a prefix for periods, bi- is ambiguously used to mean either “once every two periods” or “twice every period”; this is particularly acute for biweekly, bimonthly, and biannual. To avoid ambiguity, semi- or twice can be used to unambiguously mean “every half period” (thus twice every period) or “twice every period”, but there is no general way to refer unambiguously to “once every two periods”. In some cases a separate word is unambiguous, as in fortnightly (“every two weeks”), or biennial (“every two years”), but there is no word that unambiguously refers to “every two months”. Due to the ambiguity, some prefer to use explicit phrases, like “every two months” or “twice a month”.
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- bi
- biannual
- biautomaton
- biceps
- bichrome
- bicolor
- bicolour
- biconvex
- bicornuate
- bicycle
- bicyclic
- bicylindrical
- bidentate
- bidirectional
- biennial
- bifacial
- bifocals
- bigender
- bijugate
- bilabial
- bilabiate
- bilanguage
- bilateral
- bilinear
- bilingual
- billion
- bilobate
- bilogarithmic
- bilogarithmical
- bimanual
- bimester
- bimetal
- bimonthly
- binary
- binomial
- biped
- biplane
- bipod
- bipolar
- birefringent
- bireme
- birotate
- biscuit
- bisect
- bisection
- bisector
- biserrate
- bisexual
- bisexuality
- bitartrate
- bivalve
- biweekly
- bialgebra
- bialkali
- bialtitude
- biamping
- biandry
- biangle
- biantennary
- bianthraquinone
- biarc
- biarchy
- biarchy
- biareal
- biarsenical
- biarsenical
- biarticular
- biarticulate
- biaryl
- biaryl
- biraryl
- biauricular
- biaxial
- biaxial
- bibenzimidazole
- bibenzyl
- biceps
- bicorn
- bicalicene
- bicameral
- bicameral
- bicameral
- bicolour
- bicolour
- bicolour
- bicolouration
- bicoloured
- bicolpate
- bicolumnar
- bicombing
- bicommunal
- bicompartmental
- bicompetent
- bicomponent
- biconceptual
- biconditional
- bicondylar
- bicone
- biconic
- biconical
- biconjugate
- biconnected
- biconsonantal
- biconsonantal
- biconstituent
- bicontinental
- bicontinuous
- biacid
- bialate
- biandry
- biangular
- biannulate
- biantheriferous
- biapical
- biarcuate
- biarmed
- biaspectual
- biauriculate
- biauriculate
- biautomatic
- biaxial
- biaxial
- bibasic
- bicallose
- biceps
- bicorn
- bicorn
- bicorn
- biforate
- biforate
- biforate
- bikont
- bilete
- bimastism
- bisemic
- bisemous
- bibracteate
- bibracteolate
- bicalcarate
- bicameral
- bicardial
- bicarotid
- bicarpellate
- bicaudal
- bicaudate
- bicausal
- bicellular
- bicentric
- bicentrism
- bicephalism
- bicephalic
- bicephalous
- bicephaly
- bichambered
- bichord
- biacuminate
- bicoordinate
Translations
[edit]
|
Etymology 2
[edit]From Ancient Greek βίος (bíos, “life”).
Prefix
[edit]bi-
Derived terms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Azerbaijani
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
- (rarely productive) -less, un-, in-.
- Synonym: -siz
Derived terms
[edit]Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “bi-” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “bi-”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “bi-” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
Czech
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “bi-”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
Danish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
Etymology 2
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
See also
[edit]Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Internationalism (see English bi-), ultimately from Latin bis.
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
Derived terms
[edit]French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
Derived terms
[edit]Galician
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
Derived terms
[edit]From
.
Further reading
[edit]- “bi-”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Prefix
[edit]bi-
Derived terms
[edit]Gothic
[edit]Romanization
[edit]bi-
- Romanization of 𐌱𐌹-
Ido
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
Derived terms
[edit]Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Dutch bi-, from Latin bi-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “bi-” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Irish
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
- Alternative form of bith-, used before a slender T.
Mutation
[edit]Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
bi- | bhi- | mbi- |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
[edit]- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bit-”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Italian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
Derived terms
[edit]Kongo
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *bì-.
Prefix
[edit]bi- (singular ki-)
- class 8 prefix
- class subject concord
Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Italic *dwi-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwi- (“two-; twice-”), prefix form corresponding to the numeral *dwóh₁ (“two”); the origin in PIE of the *i here is uncertain.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /bi/, [bɪ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /bi/, [biː]
Prefix
[edit]bi-
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “bi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 71
Further reading
[edit]- “bi-”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “bi-” on page 231/3 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
Malay
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi- (Jawi spelling بی-)
Usage notes
[edit]- While there have been efforts to popularize the use of this prefix in scientific and technological coinages, currently, its range of use is very limited, and so, it is found only in a small number of words.
Etymology 2
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi- (Jawi spelling بی-)
- bi-
- bienial ― biennial
Usage notes
[edit]- This prefix is unproductive and is only found in loanwords borrowed from English which contain the prefix.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]Middle English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old English be-, from Proto-West Germanic *bi-, from Proto-Germanic *bi-, from *bi-; compare by-.
The pronunciation /bi-/ (instead of expected /bə-/) is probably due to the influence of the preposition by.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
- A prefix forming transitive verbs from any content word, often denoting completion or thoroughness.
- A prefix forming prepositions, often denoting adjacency, position, or relation.
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “bi-, pref.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- “bi-, pref.(3).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 2
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
- Alternative form of by-
Navajo
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
Usage notes
[edit]This prefix often corresponds to an English possessive ’s appended to the preceding word. For example, Diné bizaad means literally “the People their-language”, equivalent to “the People’s language” (i.e., Navajo language).
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Northern Kurdish
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
- forms the affirmative subjunctive mood of verbs.
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- “bi-” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- “bi-” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Ojibwe
[edit]Preverb
[edit]bi-
- this way, here, hither (toward the speaker)
- Bi-anokiin.
- Come and work.
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/bi-pv-dir
Old English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From bī (“by, near, around”).
Prefix
[edit]bī-
Usage notes
[edit]- Occurred primarily in nouns.
Derived terms
[edit]- bīgenga (“inhabitant; observer; benefactor”)
- bīleofa (“support, sustenance, nourishment, capital”)
- bīswæc (“treachery”)
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
- Alternative form of be-
Old Saxon
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]An unstressed form of bī, from Proto-West Germanic *bī-.
Prefix
[edit]bi-
- A productive prefix usually used to form verbs and adjectives, especially verbs with the sense “around, throughout” or makes transitive verbs from intransitive verbs, adjectives and nouns.
- bi- + brekan → bibrekan (“to break”)
- bi- + brengian → bibrengian (“to accomplish”)
- bi- + dēlian → bidēlian (“to deprive”)
- bi- + delvan → bidelvan (“to bury”)
- bi- + dempian → bidempian (“to suffocate”)
- bi- + dernian → bidernian (“to conceal, to hide”)
- bi- + dōdian → bidōdian (“to kill”)
- bi- + driogan → bidriogan (“to deceive”)
- bi- + drōragon → bidrōragon (“to bleed to death”)
- bi- + dumbilian → bidumbilian (“to make a fool”)
- bi- + *dwellian → bidwellian (“to hinder”)
- bi- + fāhan → bifāhan (“to embrace, seize”)
- bi- + fallan → bifallan (“to befall”)
- bi- + felhan → bifelhan (“to recommend, give over, confide”)
- bi- + fellian → bifellian (“to throw down”)
- bi- + findan → bifindan (“to notice, find out”)
- bi- + gangan → bigān, bigangan (“to celebrate”)
- bi- + gehan → bigehan (“to dare, confess”)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From bī (“by, near, around”).
Prefix
[edit]bī-
Derived terms
[edit]- bīgengio (“inhabitant”)
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Latin bi-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- bi- in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
- bi- (two-)
Derived terms
[edit]Spanish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “bi-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28
Swedish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
- by-, next to, near, by the side, aside; same as English by- and German bei-; see also the rare preposition bi
- bi-, two, dual; from Latin bis (“twice”)
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- bi- in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- bi- in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- bi- in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Tooro
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- (before vowels) by-
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *bí-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]bi-
- class 8 pronominal concord
- they; class 8 subject concord
- positive imperative form of -bi- (“them; class 8 object concord”)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary[1], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 414
Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Persian بی (bi, prefix).
Prefix
[edit]bi-
Derived terms
[edit]- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *dwóh₁
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Proto-Italic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English doublets
- English lemmas
- English prefixes
- English terms with usage examples
- en:Chemistry
- English proscribed terms
- en:LGBTQ
- en:Anatomy
- English terms derived from Ancient Greek
- en:Two
- Azerbaijani terms borrowed from Persian
- Azerbaijani terms derived from Persian
- Azerbaijani terms with IPA pronunciation
- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani prefixes
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan prefixes
- Czech terms borrowed from Latin
- Czech terms derived from Latin
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech lemmas
- Czech prefixes
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish terms derived from German
- Danish lemmas
- Danish prefixes
- Danish terms derived from Latin
- Finnish internationalisms
- Finnish terms derived from Latin
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish prefixes
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French prefixes
- fr:Two
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician lemmas
- Galician prefixes
- German terms derived from Latin
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German prefixes
- Gothic non-lemma forms
- Gothic romanizations
- Ido lemmas
- Ido prefixes
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Latin
- Indonesian 1-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian prefixes
- Irish lemmas
- Irish prefixes
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian 1-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Italian lemmas
- Italian prefixes
- Kongo terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Kongo terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Kongo lemmas
- Kongo prefixes
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin prefixes
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Malay terms borrowed from Persian
- Malay terms derived from Persian
- Malay lemmas
- Malay prefixes
- Malay terms borrowed from English
- Malay terms derived from English
- Malay terms with usage examples
- Malay unproductive prefixes
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English prefixes
- Navajo lemmas
- Navajo prefixes
- Navajo pronouns
- Northern Kurdish lemmas
- Northern Kurdish prefixes
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål prefixes
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk prefixes
- Ojibwe lemmas
- Ojibwe preverbs
- Ojibwe directional preverbs
- Ojibwe terms with usage examples
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English prefixes
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Saxon lemmas
- Old Saxon prefixes
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms borrowed from Latin
- Polish learned borrowings from Latin
- Polish terms derived from Latin
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/i
- Rhymes:Polish/i/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish prefixes
- Portuguese terms borrowed from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese prefixes
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish prefixes
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish prefixes
- sv:Two
- Tooro terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Tooro terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Tooro terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tooro lemmas
- Tooro prefixes
- Tooro pronominal concords
- Tooro subject concords
- Turkish terms borrowed from Persian
- Turkish terms derived from Persian
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish prefixes
- Turkish terms with obsolete senses