b'

See also: Appendix:Variations of "b"

Irish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bˠ/ (before (fh)a, (fh)á, (fh)o, (fh)ó, (fh)u, (fh)ú)
IPA^(key): /bʲ/ (before (fh)e, (fh)é, (fh)i, (fh)í)

Particle

b’

Apocopic form of ba
B’fhearr liom cupán tae.
I’d prefer a cup of tea.

Usage notes

This form is used before words beginning with a vowel or fh followed by a vowel, except not before the pronouns é, ea, í, iad.

Derived terms

b’fhéidir

Related terms

Irish copular forms

Simple copular forms

Present/future
	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative	Neg. inter.
Main clauses	is	ní	an	nach
Direct relative clauses	is	nach
Indirect relative clauses	ar, arb^v
Other subordinate clauses	gur, gurb^v		an	nach
Past/conditional
	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative	Neg. inter.
Main clauses	ba, b’^v	níor, níorbh^v	ar, arbh^v	nár, nárbh^v
Direct relative clauses	ba, ab^v	nár, nárbh^v
Indirect relative clauses	ar, arbh^v
Other subordinate clauses	gur, gurbh^v		ar, arbh^v	nár, nárbh^v
Present subjunctive
	Affirmative	Negative
	gura, gurab^v	nára, nárab^v

Compound copular forms

Base word	Present/future	Past/conditional
cá	cár, cárb^v	cár, cárbh^v
cé	cér, cérb^v	cér, cérbh^v
dá		dá mba, dá mb’^v
de/do	dar, darb^v	dar, darbh^v
faoi	faoinar, faoinarb^v	faoinar, faoinarbh^v
i	inar, inarb^v	inar, inarbh^v
le	lenar, lenarb^v	lenar, lenarbh^v
má	más	má ba, má b’^v
mura	mura, murab^v	murar, murarbh^v
ó (prep.)	ónar, ónarb^v	ónar, ónarbh^v
ó (conj.)	ós	ó ba, ó b’^v
trí	trínar, trínarb^v	trínar, trínarbh^v

^v Used before vowel sounds

Mutation

Mutated forms of b'
radical	lenition	eclipsis
b'	bh'	mb'

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Maltese

Alternative forms

bi (before a consonant cluster)
imb (in fixed expressions)

Etymology

From Arabic بِ (bi).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /b/ (before a vowel, sonorant, or voiced obstruent)
IPA^(key): /p/ (before a voiceless obstruent)

Preposition

b’

with (chiefly an ingredient, means, concomitant, quality)
Antonym: bla
times, (multiplied) by
erbgħa b’erbgħa jiġu sittax ― four times four equals sixteen

għamel erbgħa b’erbgħa ― multiply four by four

Inflection

Inflected forms of b’
Personal-pronoun- including forms	singular		plural
Personal-pronoun- including forms	m	f	plural
1^st person	bija		bina
2^nd person	bik		bikom
3^rd person	bih	biha	bihom
Definite forms
Xemxin			Qamrin
biċ- · bid- · bin- bir- · bis- · bit- · bix- · biz- · biż-			†bil- †form is bl- before a vowel, h, or għ

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /p-/
Hyphenation: b'

Verb

b'

Form of bu used before vowels and fh-

References

Colin Mark (2003) “bu”, in The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 96

Yola

Etymology

Influenced by Irish b'.

Verb

b'

Apocopic form of ba (“to be”)
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 86:
  Yith w'had any lhuck, oor naame wode b' zung,
  If we had any luck, our name would have been sung
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:
  Our eein wode b' mistern t' dearnt up ee skee.
  Our eyes would be dazzled to look up to the sky.

References

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 86