ntk
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See also: NTK
Translingual
[edit]Symbol
[edit]ntk
See also
[edit]Egyptian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Afro-Asiatic. Compare Arabic أنت (ʔanta) and Blin ʔənti.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /(ja)nˈtak/ → /(ʔa)nˈtak/ → /(ʔa)nˈtak/
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /nɛtɛk/, /ɛntɛk/
- Conventional anglicization: netek, entek
Pronoun
[edit] |
m sg 2. stressed (‘independent’) pronoun
- you (see usage notes)
Usage notes
[edit]Unlike the suffix pronouns and dependent pronouns, the independent pronouns are not tied to any other element of the sentence. Nevertheless, the meaning of an independent pronoun depends on context:
- After an infinitive, it is the subject of the verb.
- Before a noun, its meaning can be ambiguous:
- In the first and second person, it could be the subject of a noun phrase.
- Alternatively, in all persons, it can be the predicate of a noun phrase.
- If the noun is a participle, then in all persons it could be either the subject or the predicate of a noun phrase.
- If the demonstrative pronoun pw is placed between the pronoun and the noun, the pronoun is definitely the predicate.
- Before an adjective, in the first person only, it is the subject of an adjectival phrase.
When the independent pronoun is the subject it may, but does not always, indicate an emphasised subject.
Inflection
[edit]Old Egyptian personal pronouns
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j |
.k, .kj1 |
.ṯ, .ṯn |
.f, .fj1 |
.s, .sj1 |
dual | .nj |
.ṯnj |
.snj | |||
plural | .n |
.ṯn |
.sn | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns | singular | w, wj, wy |
kw, k, ṯw, ṯ |
ṯm, ṯn |
sw, s |
s |
dual | — |
ṯnj |
snj | |||
plural | n |
ṯn |
sn | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk |
ṯwt |
ṯmt |
swt |
stt |
dual | — |
— |
ntsnj | |||
plural | — |
ntṯn |
ntsn, jntsn | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings | singular | .kj, .k |
.tj, .t |
∅, .j |
.tj, .t | |
dual | — | .tjwn |
.wy, .wj |
.ty | ||
plural | .wn, .nw |
∅, .w, .y, .wy |
.tj, .t | |||
|
Middle Egyptian personal pronouns
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j |
.k, .kj1 |
.ṯ, .t |
.f, .fj1 |
.s, .sj1 |
dual2 | .nj |
.ṯnj, .tnj |
.snj | |||
plural | .n |
.ṯn, .tn |
.sn, .w3 | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns | singular | wj, w |
ṯw, tw |
ṯn, tn |
sw, st |
sj, s, st |
plural | n |
ṯn, tn |
sn, st | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk |
ntk, ṯwt2 |
ntṯ, ntt, ṯwt2 |
ntf, swt2 |
nts, swt2 |
plural | jnn3 |
ntṯn, nttn |
ntsn | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings | singular | .kw |
.tj, .t, .tw3 |
∅, .w |
.tj, .t, .tw3 | |
plural | .wn, .wjn |
.tjwn, .tjwnj |
∅, .w, .y | |||
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns3 | singular | tw.j |
tw.k |
tw.t |
sw |
sj, st |
plural | tw.n |
tw.tn |
st | |||
|
Late Egyptian personal pronouns
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j |
.k, .kw |
.t |
.f, .fj |
.s, .st, .sw |
plural | .n |
.tn, .twn |
.w, .sn1 | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns1 | singular | wj |
tw, tj |
sw, st | ||
plural | n, wn |
twn |
sn, st | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk |
mntk, mtwk |
mntt, mtwy |
mntf |
mntst, mntjst |
plural | jnn |
mnttn |
mntw | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings1 | singular | .kw, .k |
.tj, .tw |
∅, .w, .y |
.tj, .tw | |
plural | .nw |
.tn |
∅, .w, .y | |||
unmarked (later) | ∅, .tw | |||||
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns | singular | tw.j |
tw.k |
tw.t |
sw |
st, sw |
plural | tw.n |
tw.tn |
st, sw, swt | |||
|
Descendants
[edit]- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲛⲧⲁⲕ (ntak)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲑⲟⲕ (nthok)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲛⲧⲁⲕ (ntak)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ (n̄tok)
Contraction
[edit] |
- Contraction of nj ntk.
References
[edit]- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 51–52, 72.