mā
Ashkun
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Common Nuristani *māi, probably an early borrowing of Middle Chinese 米 (meiX). Compare Tregami myä, Waigali mä, Kamkata-viri mo.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mā (Sanu)[1]
References
[edit]Hokkien
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of mā – see 嘛 (“also”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 嘛). |
Japanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]mā
Mandarin
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Romanization
[edit]- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 媽/妈
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嬤/嬷
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 孑
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 抵
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 摨
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 擳/𰓜
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 虿
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蚂
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 麵/面
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 抹
Maori
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Contraction of marama.[1]
Noun
[edit]mā
- (colour/color) white
See also
[edit]mā, tea | kiwikiwi | pango |
whero, mea, kura | karaka; parauri | kōwhai, renga |
kākāriki | kārikiuri | |
kikorangi | kahurangi | |
tūāuri | waiporoporo | māwhero |
Etymology 2
[edit]Particle
[edit]mā
- for (representing future possession)
- Mā Mū tēnei pukapuka. ― This book is for Mū.
- by, made by, acted on (combined with e to indicate future tense for who will perform an action)
- Mā tōku matua koe e whakahoki. ― My father will take you back.
- (used with hei to show a relationship)
- Hei irāmutu a Aroha mā Hēni. ― Aroha is Jane's niece.
- by way of; via; through
- Ka haere rātou mā Taupō. ― They'll go via Taupō.
- by means of; on (followed by runga)
- Haere ai tō mātau pāpā ki tana mahi mā runga hōiho. ― Our father went to his work by horseback.
- (used in names to represent the points of a compass)
- marangai mā tonga ― southeasterly wind
References
[edit]- “mā” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.
Marshallese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mā
References
[edit]Namuyi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/g/s-pʷa. Cognate to Burmese ဝါး (wa:).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mā
Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Sanskrit मा (mā, “do not”).
Particle
[edit]mā
- (prohibitive) do not
Etymology 2
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
[edit]mā f
Samoan
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]mā
- First person dual exclusive
- we (he/she and I, but not you)
See also
[edit]Tocharian B
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *meh₁ (prohibitive particle). Cognate with Sanskrit मा (mā), Avestan 𐬨𐬁 (mā), Ancient Greek μή (mḗ), Albanian mo, Old Armenian մի (mi), Old Persian 𐎶𐎠 (m-a /mā/), Persian مـ (ma-).
Particle
[edit]mā
Tokelauan
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Polynesian *maqa.
Noun
[edit]mā
- (to a male) brother-in-law (one's sister's husband)
- (to a male) cousin-in-law (one's cousin's husband)
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Polynesian *ma. Cognates include Tuvaluan maa and Samoan mā.
Noun
[edit]mā
Verb
[edit]mā (plural mamā)
- (stative) to be ashamed
- (stative) to be embarrassed
Etymology 3
[edit]From Proto-Polynesian *maqa. Cognates include Maori mā and Samoan mā.
Preposition
[edit]mā
See also
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]From Proto-Polynesian *ma. Cognates include Tuvaluan maa and Samoan mā.
Pronoun
[edit]mā
See also
[edit]Independent | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | ||
long | short | |||
1st person (excl.) | au, kita1 | ki māua | ki mā | ki mātou |
1st person (incl.) | ― | ki tāua | ki tā | ki tātou |
2nd person | koe | koulua | koutou | |
3rd person | ia | ki lāua | ki lā | ki lātou |
Agentive clitic | ||||
singular | dual | plural | ||
1st person (excl.) | kō | ki mā | ki mātou | |
1st person (incl.) | ― | ki tā | ki tātou | |
2nd person | kē | koulua | koutou | |
3rd person | ia | ki lā | ki lātou | |
1) Sympathetic *) Pronouns preceded by ki may drop this preposition when in a possessive phrase. |
Inalienable (O-type) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | ||
long | short | |||
1st person (excl.) | o oku, o kita1 | o māua | o mā | o mātou |
1st person (incl.) | ― | o tāua | o tā | o tātou |
2nd person | o ōu, o koe | o koulua | o koutou | |
3rd person | o ona | o lāua | o lā | o lātou |
Alienable (A-type) | ||||
singular | dual | plural | ||
long | short | |||
1st person (excl.) | a aku, a kita1 | a māua | a mā | a mātou |
1st person (incl.) | ― | a tāua | a tā | a tātou |
2nd person | a āu, a koe | a koulua | a koutou | |
3rd person | a ana | a lāua | a lā | a lātou |
1) Sympathetic *) Only the singular pronouns differ from the personal pronouns |
Definite inalienable (O-type) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular reference | plural reference | |||||||
sg | du | pl | sg | du | pl | |||
long | short | long | short | |||||
1st person (excl.) | toku, tota1 |
to māua | to mā | to mātou | oku, ota1 |
o māua | o mā | o mātou |
1st person (incl.) | ― | to tāua | to tā | to tātou | ― | o tāua | o tā | o tātou |
2nd person | tō | toulua | toutou | ō | oulua | outou | ||
3rd person | tona | to lāua | to lā | to lātou | ona | o lāua | o lā | o lātou |
Definite alienable (A-type) | ||||||||
singular reference | plural reference | |||||||
sg | du | pl | sg | du | pl | |||
long | short | long | short | |||||
1st person (excl.) | taku, tata1 |
ta māua | ta mā | ta mātou | aku, ata1 |
a māua | a mā | a mātou |
1st person (incl.) | ― | ta tāua | ta tā | ta tātou | ― | a tāua | a tā | a tātou |
2nd person | tau | taulua | tautou | au | aulua | autou | ||
3rd person | tana | ta lāua | ta lā | ta lātou | ana | a lāua | a lā | a lātou |
Indefinite inalienable (O-type) | ||||||||
singular reference | plural reference | |||||||
sg | du | pl | sg | du | pl | |||
long | short | long | short | |||||
1st person (excl.) | hoku, hota1 |
ho māua | ho mā | ho mātou | ni oku, ni ota1 |
ni o māua | ni o mā | ni o mātou |
1st person (incl.) | ― | ho tāua | ho tā | ho tātou | ― | ni o tāua | ni o tā | ni o tātou |
2nd person | hō | houlua | houtou | ni ō | ni oulua | ni outou | ||
3rd person | hona | ho lāua | ho lā | ho lātou | ni ona | ni o lāua | ni o lā | ni o lātou |
Indefinite alienable (A-type) | ||||||||
singular reference | plural reference | |||||||
sg | du | pl | sg | du | pl | |||
long | short | long | short | |||||
1st person (excl.) | haku, hata1 |
ha māua | ha mā | ha mātou | ni aku, ni ata1 |
ni a māua | ni a mā | ni a mātou |
1st person (incl.) | ― | ha tāua | ha tā | ha tātou | ― | ni a tāua | ni a tā | ni a tātou |
2nd person | hau | haulua | hautou | ni au | ni aulua | ni autou | ||
3rd person | hana | ha lāua | ha lā | ha lātou | ni ana | ni a lāua | ni a lā | ni a lātou |
1) Sympathetic |
Etymology 5
[edit]Verb
[edit]mā
- (transitive) to presume, assume, think
Etymology 6
[edit]Noun
[edit]mā
References
[edit]- R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary[4], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 198
Tongan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Oceanic *mara (“to spoil, to go foul [of food]” – compare with Maori mara “food preserved by steeping in water”, Samoan mala “soft [of food]” and Fijian mara “stench of a corpse”).[1][2] For sense of bread, compare with Fijian madrai for similar semantic evolution.
Noun
[edit]mā
- preserve of fermented breadfruit, bananas or plantain stored in pits prior[3]
- grain-based bread introduced by Westerners
References
[edit]- ^ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “mara”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
- ^ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (1998) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volume 1: Material Culture, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, pages 158-9
- ^ Pollock, Nancy (1984) “Breadfruit Fermentation Practices in Oceania”, in Journal de la Société des Océanistes[3], volume 40, number 79, , pages 157, 164
- Ashkun terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Ashkun terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ashkun lemmas
- Ashkun nouns
- Chinese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Chinese particles
- Hokkien particles
- Hokkien pe̍h-ōe-jī forms
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Hanyu Pinyin
- Mandarin non-lemma forms
- Maori contractions
- Maori lemmas
- Maori nouns
- Maori particles
- Maori terms with usage examples
- mi:Colors
- Marshallese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Marshallese lemmas
- Marshallese nouns
- mh:Fruits
- mh:Mulberry family plants
- Namuyi terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Namuyi terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Namuyi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Namuyi lemmas
- Namuyi nouns
- nmy:Bamboos
- Pali terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Pali terms derived from Sanskrit
- Pali lemmas
- Pali particles
- Pali nouns
- Pali nouns in Latin script
- Pali feminine nouns
- Samoan lemmas
- Samoan pronouns
- Tocharian B terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Tocharian B terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Tocharian B lemmas
- Tocharian B particles
- Tokelauan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tokelauan terms inherited from Proto-Polynesian
- Tokelauan terms derived from Proto-Polynesian
- Tokelauan lemmas
- Tokelauan nouns
- Tokelauan verbs
- Tokelauan stative verbs
- Tokelauan prepositions
- Tokelauan terms derived from Proto-Oceanic
- Tokelauan terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic
- Tokelauan terms derived from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Tokelauan terms inherited from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Tokelauan terms derived from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Tokelauan terms inherited from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Tokelauan terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tokelauan terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tokelauan terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Tokelauan terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Tokelauan pronouns
- Tokelauan personal pronouns
- Tokelauan transitive verbs
- Tokelauan terms borrowed from Samoan
- Tokelauan terms derived from Samoan
- tkl:Male family members
- Tongan terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic
- Tongan terms derived from Proto-Oceanic
- Tongan lemmas
- Tongan nouns