steep

• enPR: stēp, IPA^(key): /stiːp/
• Rhymes: -iːp

• Audio (US):

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From Middle English steep, from Old English stēap (“high”), from Proto-Germanic *staupaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewb- (“to push, stick”).^[1]

Compare Old Frisian stāp ("high, towering"; > Modern Saterland Frisian stiep (“steep”)), Dutch stoop (“grand; proud”), Middle High German stouf (“towering cliff, precipice”), Middle High German stief (“steep”)). The Proto-Indo-European root (and related) has many and varied descendants, including English stub; compare also Scots stap (“to strike, to forcibly insert”).

The sense of “sharp slope” is attested circa 1200; the sense “expensive” is attested US 1856.^[1]

steep (comparative steeper, superlative steepest)

1. Of a near-vertical gradient; of a slope, surface, curve, etc. that proceeds upward at an angle near vertical.

   Antonyms: shallow, gentle

   a steep hill or mountain; a steep roof; a steep ascent; a steep barometric gradient

   • 1959 March, “The 2,500 h.p. electric locomotives for the Kent Coast electrification”, in Trains Illustrated, page 123:

     They will be called upon to deal with freight trains of up to 900 tons over gradients considerably steeper than those of the Central Section—for example, the frequent stretches of 1 in 100 between Victoria and the Medway towns—and their running to fast schedules will include the haulage of the "Night Ferry", which may load up to as much as 700 tons, and fully-fitted trains of 30 or more heavy Continental train ferry wagons.

   • 1979, Cormac McCarthy, Suttree, Random House, page 21:

     Up these steep walkways cannelured for footpurchase, the free passage of roaches.

   • 2010, Robert Beeman, No More Time for Sorrow, page 133:

     […] Category Two implement hitches and doubled high-traction agricultural tires hung four to each massive rear axle to breast the steepest, softest dune or guckiest swamp […]

2. (informal) expensive

   Twenty quid for a shave? That's a bit steep.

3. (obsolete) Difficult to access; not easy reached; lofty; elevated; high.
   • 1596, George Chapman, De Guiana, carmen Epicum:

     Her ears and thoughts in steep amaze erected

4. (of the rake of a ship's mast, or a car's windshield) resulting in a mast or windshield angle that strongly diverges from the perpendicular

   The steep rake of the windshield enhances the fast lines of the exterior.

• (dialectal) brant, hilly

• steep-down
• steepen
• steeply
• steepness
• steep-slope roof

steep (plural steeps)

1. The steep side of a mountain etc.; a slope or acclivity.
   • 1833, Benjamin Disraeli, The Wondrous Tale of Alroy:

     It ended precipitously in a dark and narrow ravine, formed on the other side by an opposite mountain, the lofty steep of which was crested by a city gently rising on a gradual slope

From Middle English stepen, from Old Norse steypa (“to make stoop, cast down, pour out, cast (metal)”),^[2][3] from Proto-Germanic *staupijaną (“to tumble, make tumble, plunge”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewb- (“to push, hit”). Cognate with Danish støbe (“cast (metal)”), Norwegian støpe, støype, Swedish stöpa (“to found, cast (metal)”), Old English stūpian (“to stoop, bend the back, slope”). Related to stoop.

steep (third-person singular simple present steeps, present participle steeping, simple past and past participle steeped)

1. (transitive, middle voice) To soak or wet thoroughly.

   They steep skins in a tanning solution to create leather.

   The tea is steeping.

   • 1820, William Wordsworth, Composed at Cora Linn, in sight of Wallace's Tower:

     In refreshing dews to steep / The little, trembling flowers.

2. (intransitive, figurative) To imbue with something; to be deeply immersed in.

   a town steeped in history

   • 1871, John Earle, The Philology of the English Tongue:

     The learned of the nation were steeped in Latin.

   • 1989, Black 47, Big Fellah:

     We fought against each other, two brothers steeped in blood / But I never doubted that your heart was broken in the flood / And though we had to shoot you down in golden Béal na mBláth / I always knew that Ireland lost her greatest son of all.

3. To make tea (or other beverage) by placing leaves in hot water.

• insteep
• rot-steep

steep (countable and uncountable, plural steeps)

1. A liquid used in a steeping process

   Corn steep has many industrial uses.

2. A rennet bag.

• teeps, petes, Estep, tepes, Tepes, Peets, peets, speet