案

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案	U+6848, 案 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6848

← 桇
[U+6847]

CJK Unified Ideographs

桉 →
[U+6849]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

案 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十女木 (JVD), four-corner 3090₄, composition ⿱安木)

Derived characters

𭢀, 𣗈

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 525, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14762
Dae Jaweon: page 914, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1207, character 8
Unihan data for U+6848

Chinese

trad.		案
simp. ^#		案
alternative forms		桉

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (安) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
安	*qaːn
鞍	*qaːn
鞌	*qaːn
侒	*qaːn
按	*qaːns
案	*qaːns
洝	*qaːns
荌	*qaːns
晏	qaːns, qraːns
鴳	*qraːns
騴	*qraːns
鷃	*qraːns
頞	*qaːd
胺	*qaːd
咹	*qaːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːns) : semantic 木 + phonetic 安 (OC *qaːn).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): àn (an⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): on³ / ngon³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): on

(Meixian, Guangdong): on⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): áng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): àn / òaⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): uan³ / ang³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵oe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: àn
  - Zhuyin: ㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: àn
  - Wade–Giles: an⁴
  - Yale: àn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ann
  - Palladius: ань (anʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: on³ / ngon³
  - Yale: on / ngon
  - Cantonese Pinyin: on³ / ngon³
  - Guangdong Romanization: on³ / ngon³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔːn³³/, /ŋɔːn³³/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: on
  - Hakka Romanization System: on
  - Hagfa Pinyim: on⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /on⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: on⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ɔn⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: áng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɑŋ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: àn
  - Tâi-lô: àn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: axn
  - IPA (Taipei): /an¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /an⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /an²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: òaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: uànn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: voax
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /uã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /uã¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /uã²¹/

Note:

àn - literary;
òaⁿ - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: uan³ / ang³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uàⁿ / àng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ũã²¹³/, /aŋ²¹³/

Note:

uan3 - vernacular;
ang3 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵oe
  - MiniDict: oe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²oe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ø³⁴/

Middle Chinese: 'anH

Rime
Character	案
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	烏旰切
Baxter	'anH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔan^H/
Li Rong	/ʔɑn^H/
Wang Li	/ɑn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	àn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	on³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤa[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*qaːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	案
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	àn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔan^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔˁa[n]-s/
English	stool; tray
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	案
Reading #	1/1
No.	16
Phonetic component	安
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	按
Old Chinese	/*qaːns/

Definitions

案

long table; counter
long board that serves as a table or counter
(law) case (legal matter, proceeding or lawsuit)
event; incident; occurrence
record; file
plan submitted for consideration; proposal
wooden plate used to serve food in ancient times
舉案齊眉／举案齐眉 ― jǔ'ànqíméi ― literally, "to raise the tray to eyebrow level (as a sign of respect)"
(dated) alternative form of 按 (àn, “to check against something; to make comments; to write notes”)
- 孝文皇帝可謂明矣，案其《本紀》，不見鳳鳥與河圖。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  孝文皇帝可谓明矣，案其《本纪》，不见凤鸟与河图。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Wang Chong, Lun Heng (Discussive Weighing), 80 CE, translated based on Alfred Forke's version
  Xiàowén Huángdì kěwèi míng yǐ, àn qí “Běnjì”, bùjiàn fèngniǎo yǔ hétú. [Pinyin]
  Emperor Xiaowen deserved the name of a wise ruler, yet in his Annal (lit., "checking against his Annal") we find nothing about a phœnix or the Plan of the River.

Synonyms

(long table): 案子 (ànzi)
(case):

edit

個案／个案 (gè'àn) (individual case)
案件 (ànjiàn) (legal matter, proceeding or lawsuit)
案例 (ànlì)
案子 (ànzi)

(file): 案件 (ànjiàn)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (案):

→ Japanese: 案(あん) (an)
→ Korean: 안(案) (an)
→ Vietnamese: án (案)

Japanese

Kanji

案

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: あん (an, Jōyō)
Kan-on: あん (an, Jōyō)
Kun: つくえ (tsukue, 案)、かんがえる (kangaeru, 案える)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
案
あん Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 案 (MC 'anH).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) あん [áꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ã̠ɴ]

Noun

案(あん) • (an)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
案
つくえ Grade: 4
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 案 – see the following entry.

【つくえつくゑ】

[noun] desk; table

Alternative spelling
机

(This term, 案, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

案 (eumhun 책상 안 (chaeksang an))

hanja form^? of 안 (“(literal) desk; table”)
hanja form^? of 안 (“idea; suggestion; opinion; thought”)
hanja form^? of 안 (“plan; proposal; bill”)

Compounds

제안 (提案, jean, “suggestion”)

Tày

Verb

案 (án)

Nôm form of án (“to count”).
每𨮍𫡲咟間代来
分能達𫠯大[⿱那不]案
Mọi bôm hả pác cha̱n ta̱i lai
Phấn nâng tặt lồng đai ná án
Each tray with five hundred dishes already aplenty
One part more placed down, no counting

References

Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎^[1] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

Han character

案: Hán Nôm readings: án

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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