Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche

Infobox Person
name = Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche


caption =
birth_date = birth date|1909|09|19
birth_place = Wiener Neustadt, Austria-Hungary
death_date = death date and age|1998|03|27|1909|09|19
death_place = Zell am See, Austria
other_names = Ferry Porsche
known_for =
occupation = Porsche AG designer and Chief Executive Officer
nationality = Austrian
spouse =
partner =
children = Ferdinand Alexander Porsche
parents = Ferdinand Porsche Sr. and Aloisia Johanna Kaes
relatives = Louise Piëch (Sister), Ferdinand Piëch (Nephew)

Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche (September 19, 1909 in Wiener Neustadt, Austria-Hungary &ndash – March 27, 1998 in Zell am See, Austria), mainly known as Ferry Porsche, was an Austrian technical automobile designer and automaker-entrepreneur. He operated Porsche AG in Stuttgart, Germany. His father, Ferdinand Porsche Sr was also a renowned automobile engineer. His nephew, Dr. Ferdinand Piëch, was chairman of Volkswagen from 1993 to 2002, and his son, Ferdinand Alexander Porsche, was involved in the design of the 911.

Ferry Porsche's life was intimately connected with that of his father, Ferdinand Porsche, Sr, who began sharing his knowledge of mechanical engineering already in his childhood. With his father he opened a bureau of automobile design, in Stuttgart in 1931.

They worked together to fulfill their country's National Socialist regime's needs and they met Adolf Hitler at many business events. The Volkswagen Beetle was designed by Ferdinand Porsche, Sr and a team of engineers (including Ferry Porsche).

After World War II, while his father remained imprisoned in France being accused of war crimes, Ferry Porsche ran their company. Aided by the postwar Volkswagen enterprise, he created the first "real" Porsches. Despite the political-economical adversities of the postwar years, the company manufactured automobiles and, eventually, became a world powerhouse for producing sport cars.

Early life

Ferdinand Porsche Sr was chief designer at Austro-Daimler in Austria. His designs were focused on compact street cars and race cars. Austro-Daimler was so strongly tied to the local royalty that the Austrian double-headed eagle became the trademark of the company. The day Ferry Porsche was born, his father was competing with one of his race cars (called the Maja) at Semmering, finishing first in his class. He found out about his son's birth by telegram. [ [http://www.caradisiac.com/php/voitures_collection/portraits/geants/ferry_porsche.php Ferdinand "Ferry" Porsche : le plus grand des petits constructeurs ] ]

Ferry Porsche's mother was Aloisia Johanna Kaes. He already had a sister, Louise Piëch, who was five years his senior. He was baptized Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche, with the name Ferdinand after his father, the name Anton after his grandfather, and the name Ernst after his uncle on his mother's side. Early in his childhood he picked up the nickname "Ferry" rather than the usual nickname "Ferdy", as Ferdy reminded his parents too much of a typical coachman nickname (a profession that, coincidentally, was made obsolete by the family's work).

During the following years, the family moved around a lot. He and his father spent a lot of time together in workshops where he began early to learn about mechanical engineering. They also used to tour around Europe and the United States of America, where they raced the cars they designed.

Ferry remarked later, in fact, that "One could say that I was born with the automobile." For example, on Christmas Eve of 1920, Ferry Porsche was originally misled by his parents who first presented him with a miniature coach pulled by a goat. In fact, it was a real petrol-driven miniature car with a four-stroke, two-cylinder engine specially designed by his father. Ferry Porsche learned to drive when he was only 10 years old. At the age of 12 he drove a real race car, the Austro-Daimler Sascha, which had just won its class at Targa Florio, Sicily, in 1922.

Ferry Porsche attended school at Wiener Neustadt and Stuttgart, concentrating mainly on mathematics.

Moving to Stuttgart

On 1923, the family moved to Stuttgart, due to senior Ferdinand Porsche's unrest about the squandering financial destiny of Austro-Daimler. He joined the Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft at Stuttgart-Untertürkheim (where the design department from the whole company was concentrated). Soon, he got the position of technical director.

Meanwhile, Ferry Porsche received consent from the company to stay at the plant together with his father because his rising interest on designing issues. The local town authorities endorsed a special permission to him, for driving even with 16 years of age.

Ferdinand Porsche senior enjoyed success particularly with his racecars which excelled at the racing tracks. His personal preference for designing compact cars differed with the current policies of (now merged) Daimler-Benz, who were in favor of more luxurious Mercedes-Benz models.

So, in 1929, Daimler-Benz began to question the Porsche's works seriously and halted it suddenly. He worked temporally as technical director of Steyr AG, in Austria; nonetheless, he decided to open a consulting bureau soon of automobile design, again at Stuttgart.

At the same time, after finishing school, Ferry Porsche was residing at Stuttgart, assisting Bosch Company in 1928; this was for deepening interest in automobile engineering. In 1930, he was taking additional lessons of physics and engineering. However, he never formally enrolled in any university.

Father's firm at Stuttgart

Already in the 1930s, Stuttgart was a traditional place for automobile industry. Down the region, the most important companies of Germany were abiding. When Porsche opened his designing offices on April 1931, his son was at his side. The firm was called "Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche GmbH Konstructionsbüro für Motoren, Fahrzeuge, Luftfahrzeuge und Wasserfahrzeugbau", meaning that Ferdinand Porsche's firm was for construction and consultation for engines, automobiles, airplanes and motorboats. Father and son were also accompanied by renowned engineers who were already known to Porsche.

The German economic crisis was currently at its worst point. The country was about to be politically dominated by the National Socialists, who were about to take the government belligerently. Lacking also in personnel, Porsche's prospects weren't good initially.

Nevertheless, the company got contracts soon with important German enterprises, like Wanderer, Auto Union, Zwickau, Zündapp and, from 1933, the new German National Socialist regime. Some of these jobs made historical influences, like the mid-engined Auto Union "Silver Arrow" race cars, designed by Porsche.

Porsche developed a particularly "amicable" relationship with Adolf Hitler since they began receiving many military projects. In fact, historical evidence points out that Porsche's firm was probably the tyrant's favorite. Even though the dictator's "friendly" relationship with the Porsches seemed mutual to Hitler himself and others, in reality it was one-sided. The Porsche family was, in fact, somewhat pacifist. The family didn't agree with Nazi ideals (in fact Porsche senior once assisted a Jewish employee escape Germany). [ [http://staff.imsa.edu/wlang/gr/gr3/exercises/porsche.html Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche ] ] By those years, a newspaper expressed that "in the automobile world, the name Porsche deserves a monument." [http://content3.eu.porsche.com/prod/classic/classicWorld.nsf/0/9AB653063BBD3B80C1256BEB0050]

On the part of Ferry Porsche, he held several departments which were successive. They were: "controlling of testing", "coordinating of the design engineers", and "keeping good relations with clients". Meanwhile in 1935, he married Dorothea Reitz. They had originally met at the corridors of Daimler-Benz, years before. Later on, they had four children: Ferdinand Alexander, Gerhard, Hans-Peter, and Wolfgang.

Later in 1938, when his father moved to the new Volkswagen plant at Wolfsburg, Ferry Porsche became the deputy manager of Stuttgart's bureau and the design departments were relocated to Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen.

Volkswagen

Ferdinand Porsche's old yearning had been to create a small compact car which may be conceived as such "from zero" (not being a reduced version of a sedan). Finally, the design work began at their familiar residence in Stuttgart, at the "Feuerbacher Weg" street. Therefore, Ferry Porsche had complete access to help his father, intervening on important parts of the project. The work had originally been supported by Zündapp, until backing away soon after due to commercial reasons.

Nonetheless, the Nazis accepted the project on 22 June 1934, interested on producing "an affordable car for the German family". Originally, it was called Porsche (Model) 60 but it was soon officially renamed as the Kdf-Wagen or Volkswagen (people's car).

In their familiar garage at Stuttgart, three prototypes were built. In 1934, Ferdinand Porsche founded Volkswagen AG. His son was there, doing the road-tests.

In 1939, when the Volkswagen factory opened in Wolfsburg, Porsche senior became its general manager. (along with an officer from the Nazi party).

Auto Union and Wanderer

Adolf Hitler had also decided to promote the German race cars at the Grand Prix Motor Racing competitions. Therefore, the government had called for a concourse of the state-of-the-art racers of the time. Daimler-Benz easily won a bid. When Wanderer applied, it was rejected. Wanderer resorted to Porsche firm.

In 1932, Ferdinand Porsche met with Adolf Hitler personally and their bid was finally accepted. Ferry Porsche took part in the conception and construction of those race cars, and was also responsible for the general organization of the workshop and the testing of units. In 1933, their first race car was developed with a 4.5 litre V-16 engine and an aluminum framework.

In 1934, Wanderer and others merged to form Auto Union, and the senior Porsche became the chief designer of their race cars. Both racing teams, Daimler-Benz and Auto Union, were also used for political propaganda by the National Socialists. They overwhelmingly dominated all the competitions of the 1930s. In 1938, Ferdinand Porsche senior left the Auto Union racing team when his contract expired.

econd World War

During the war, the Porsche family was completely dedicated to designing motorized weaponry, like tanks, for the Germans. To avoid the aerial bombings of Stuttgart, Ferry Porsche was forced to bring some of the design departments to Austria, to two locations, Gmünd/Carinthia and Zell am See, where the family had a farm. Nonetheless, he stayed personally in Stuttgart, administering the business.

Meanwhile, Porsche senior withstood at Wolfsburg, working for the Germans until the end of the war. The production of compact civilian cars at that factory had been halted, to produce small military jeeps called Kübelwagen.

Though, after Hitler's fall, the French government requested formally to Porsche family to build a French version of the compact Volkswagen, on November 1945, even by bringing the pieces of Wolfsburg's facilities which had survived.

Some French nationalist sectors, lead by Jean Pierre Peugeot, resisted this though. Surprisingly then, during an official appointment at Wolfsburg, both Porsche's father and son as well as Anton Piëch, a Viennese attorney who was Louise Porsche's husband, were arrested together as criminals of war, on December 15. Without any trial, a bail of 500,000 francs was officially asked for each of the Porsche's. It could be afforded only for Ferry Porsche who moved then to Austria, on July 1946. His father was taken instead to a harsh medieval prison at Dijon.

Porsche company at Gmünd

After his release, Ferry Porsche attempted to return to Stuttgart but he was barred by the forces of occupation. In consequence, on July 1946, he brought all the structure of the company to Gmünd/Carinthia, Austria.

Together with his sister Louise, Ferry took on the management of the company. In the beginning, they also used the workshop to repair cars. Additionally, they commercialized water pumps and lathes.

In time, they obtained two contracts for automobile design. One was for the construction of racecars for the "Cisitalia" racing team. The other was for the design of their own car, which later became known as the Porsche 356.

Porsche Type 360 - Cisitalia

As a result of Carlo Abarth's mediation, Ferry Porsche inked a contract with Piero Dusio to produce Grand Prix racing cars again. The new model was called the Porsche 360 Cisitalia, and it was the first to spell out the name of the family's enterprise. Its design was mostly alike to the preceding pre-war ones, despite being smaller. It had a supercharged mid-mounted engine displacing 1.5 liters and four-wheel drive.

Porsche Type 356

Following his father's old aspiration, Ferdinand Porsche designed the Porsche 356, based on the compact Volkswagen. The 356 had an air-cooled, rear-mounted, 4-cylinder engine producing 35 hp. Due to the location of its engine, the car was a little unstable but the balance favored potency and light weight.

An automobile dealer from Zurich ordered the first shipment in the winter of 1947 and production of the automobile began. Under Ferry Porsche's supervision, the units were built completely by hand at an improvised workshop inside a sawmill at Gmünd.

By June 1948, 50 aluminum-bodied units had been completely assembled. Additionally, 6 frameworks were sent to the Beutler Company at Thun, Switzerland, where they were fitted with cabriolet bodies.

Despite its compact size, the car was popular with wealthy customers. If successful, the 356 would mean Porsche's final hop out from performing only designing chores for others. Indeed, surprisingly, the 356 remained in production for many years and by 1965 had sold nearly 78,000 units. Additionally, it laid the framework which was followed by the entirety of the successive series of Porsche's sports cars.

Ferdinand Porsche's fate

During his 20 months of captivity at the medieval jail of Dijon, Porsche was forced to collaborate on designs for Renault and their later popular 4CV. The precarious conditions of the location harmed his health seriously.

In 1947, the junior Ferdinand Porsche gathered the amount of the stipulated bail, immediately after receiving the early fees for his new designs. His father was then liberated on August 1, 1947, together with Anton Piëch.

Once in Austria, the senior F. Porsche reviewed the designs of his son for both projects—the 360 Cisitalia and the 356. He consented with the plans and aided the projects which were in progress. He commented daily to their employees that he "would have done the same designs as Ferry"."

The senior Ferdinand Porsche was rather sick. Noting this, sentimentally, Ferry took him to revisit Wolfsburg's plant which was flourishing with the massive production of the Volkswagen Beetle—which was carried out under supervision of the British occupation. On November 1950, senior F. Porsche suffered a stroke which disabled him until his death, on January 30, 1951, aged 75.

The return to Stuttgart

In the spring of 1949, the "general manager" of Volkswagen, Heinz Nordhoff, approached to "junior" Ferdinand Porsche and unpacked a massive contract.In behalf of "Porsche" 's designing services --for example, improving the "Beetle"--, it specified that "Volkswagen" would start providing in exchange:
*a share of the profits from each sold "Beetle"
*the raw materials for building the sport "Porsche" 's vehicles
*the usage of "Volkswagen" 's world structure of retailers
*the usage of "Volkswagen" 's world structure for technical serviceAlso by this agreement, "junior" Ferdinand Porsche would become the only dealer of "Volkswagen" for all Austria.

In view of this new stabilized situation, "junior" Ferdinand Porsche decided to reestablish the headquarters of the "Porsche" at Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen. Though, the old original "Porsche" 's facilities were occupied by American forces. Nonetheless, he rented some workshops then from the company "Reutter" —which was a constructor of bodies for automobiles—. He brought most of his employees and opened on September 1949. Their first work was the development of an engine which was called "Carrera".

On 1950, the production of the "Porsche 356" was resumed. Eventually, it was so successful that, despite being originally planned an annual production of 500, they had already produced 78,000 units by 1967. Ferdinand Porsche's motto was to produce automobiles which had to be "reliable and of high-quality sports cars, of a high utilitarian value".

"Porsche" 's most recognized involvement on car races began at "24 Hours of Le Mans", on June 1951, when an improved version of the "356" debuted on this track and won on its category. On successive years, "Porsche" 's winning contribution to "Le Mans" is regarded as fundamental for the own existence of the circuit. Later, on 1959, "Porsche" won for first time an event of the "World Sportscar Championship", at "Targa Florio", while a "Porsche 917" would achieve the first "Le Mans" win finally in 1970.

Porsche - Type 911 (1963)

At the demand of Porsche's fans, the company began planning a successor to the "356". The project was originally called "Porsche 901". Ferdinand Alexander Porsche --who was also nicknamed "Butzi"-- and Ferdinand Porsche's nephew took charge on designing the new model.

The first units were manufactured on 1962. However, Peugeot pushed legally for a change of the name, due to its registered trademark which barred the usage of automobile names with a "zero amid two numbers". The model was renamed to "Porsche 911". Eventually, it became the sports car which has been produced for the longest period of time, over 35 years. It sold about 600,000 units.

Porsche plc

Since his father's death on 1951, Ferry Porsche was the most responsible official of the company, as general manager —the chairman of the "board of management"—. On 1972, he decided to transform the "Porsche Company" —which was a limited partnership— into public, also by merging all the three enterprises which constituted it:
*"Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche KG", from Stuttgart
*"VW-Porsche Vertriebsgesellschaft", from Ludwigsburg
*"Porsche Konstruktion KG", from SalzburgAdditionally, Ferdinand Porsche stepped down from the chairmanship and became "honorary chairman" of the "supervisory board". In fact, he continued controlling the company as such. He remained in that position until his death on 1998. [ [http://biografien.focus.msn.de/templ/te_bio.php?PID=1492&RID=1 Nachrichten, Unterhaltung, Video, Sport, Lifestyle, Finanzen, Auto und mehr bei MSN ] ] Ferdinand Alexander Porsche took his place as general manager.

The enterprise became a "public limited company" —"plc"—, the "Porsche GmbH" . Nonetheless, the two deep-seated families —Porsche and Piëch— assured the possession yet of most of the shares. This status has also been kept through the years, until recently.

Death

On 1989, Ferdinand Porsche retired definitively from the activity, returning to his cherished Austrian farm at Zell-am-Zee.

Later, one of his last visited events was the launching of a new model, the Porsche 911 Carrera Cabriolet. It was based on the old "356", with a water-cooled engine of 6-cylinders and 300 hp.

He also assisted in the large celebration of the 30 years of the Porsche 911 which took place at Stuttgart and Ludwigsburg. Despite being in an unhealthy condition, he signed autographs and drove through a street of 500 911s. He supported himself with a cane and was wearing a straw hat.

Ferdinand Porsche died 74 days short of the 50th anniversary of the company, at the age of 88, on March 27, 1998, at the farm in Zell am See, Austria. He was buried there too at the Schüttgut church, beside his parents, his wife Dorothea and Anton Piëch. Porsche AG conducted a memorial service soon after in Stuttgart.

Ferdinand Porsche's recognitions

*1959. "Grand Cross for Distinguished Service", from the Federal Republic of Germany. It was presented by President Theodore Huess.
*1965. "Honorary doctorate", from the Vienna Technical College.
*1965. "Honorary doctorate", from the University of Stuttgart.
*1984. "Honorary professor", from the federal state of Baden-Württemberg.
*1975. "Grand Golden Decoration", from Austria. It was presented at Vienna.
*1978. "Wilhelm Exner's Medal".
*1979. "Grand Cross for Distinguished Service", from the Federal Republic of Germany. It's the highest award for service. It was presented at his 70th birthday, by the chief minister of Baden-Württemberg, Lothar Spath.
*1981. "Gold Medal", from the "Societe des Ingenieurs de L'Automobile".
*1981. "Honorary citizenship" --dubbed "Freedom of the City"--, from the town of Zell-am-See, at Austria.
*1984. "Professor". It was presented by the chief minister Lothar Spath.
*1985. "Honorary senator", from the University of Stuttgart.
*1989. "Economic Medal for outstanding service to the economy of Baden-Württemberg". It was presented by the minister of economy of Baden-Württemberg, Martin Herzog.
*1989. "Citizen's medal", from the city of Stuttgart.
*1994. "Honorary citizenship", from Wiener Neustadt.

References

External links

*Main sources
** [http://www.porsche.com/latin-america-es/accessoriesandservice/classic/classic-world/world-tradition/tradition-ferryporsche/ Porsche Enterprise]
** [http://www.autonews.com/files/euroauto/inductees/porsche2005.htm European Automobile Hall of Fame]
** [http://www.autohistory.org/feature_6.html Auto History on-line]
** [http://autoweb.drive.com.au/cms/A_50427/newsarticle.html Auto Web Australia]
** [http://www.ppbb.com/board/ferry.htm Porsche Pete´s Boxster Board]
** [http://www.solarnavigator.net/inventors/ferdinand_porsche.htm Solar Navigator]
*Sources in German
** [http://biografien.focus.msn.de/templ/te_bio.php?PID=1492&RID=1 MSN-Germany]
** [http://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.p/p667177.htm AEIOU Encyclopedia]
** [http://staff.imsa.edu/wlang/gr/gr3/exercises/porsche.html Illinois´ Science Academy]
** [http://www.rasscass.com/templ/te_bio.php?PID=1492&RID=1 RassCass]
** [http://content3.eu.porsche.com/prod/classic/classicWorld.nsf/0/9AB653063BBD3B80C1256BEB00502488?OpenDocument Porsche Germany]
** [http://medienkatalog.bmbwk.gv.at/medienkatalog/html/beispiel/21559_beispiel.html Austrian Page]
** [http://www.s-line.de/homepages/ebener/P.htm Lexicon]
*Sources in French
** [http://www.caradisiac.com/php/voitures_collection/portraits/geants/ferry_porsche.php Caradisiac]
** [http://flegende.club.fr/p4b.htm Flegende Club]
*Sources in Spanish
** [http://www.el-mundo.es/motor/MVnumeros/98/MV056/MV056porsche.html El Mundo Newspaper]