Universalism

Universalism can be classified as a religion, theology and philosophy that generally holds all persons and creatures are related to God or the Divine and will be reconciled to God. A church or community that calls itself "Universalist" may emphasize the universal principles of most religions and accept other religions in an inclusive manner, believing in a universal reconciliation between humanity and the divine. Many religions may have a degree of Universalist theology in their tenets and principles, including Christianity, Hinduism, New Thought spirituality. A common principle is that love is a universal binding force.

A belief in one common truth is also another important tenet. The living truth is seen as more far-reaching than national, cultural, or religious boundaries. [ [http://www.gandhifoundation.org/multifaith.html The Gandhi Foundation] "The Gandhi Foundation, in collaboration with West London Synagogue, held a Multifaith Celebration in honour of Gandhi (60 years since his assassination) on 30th January 2008."]

Christianity

In Christianity, Universalism refers to the belief that all humans can be saved through Jesus Christ and eventually come to harmony in God's kingdom. A related doctrine, apokatastasis, is the belief that all mortal beings will be reconciled to God, including Satan and his fallen angels. Universalism was a fairly commonly held view among theologians in early Christianity: In the first five or six centuries of Christianity there were six known theological schools, of which four (Alexandria, Antioch, Cesarea, and Edessa or Nisibis) were Universalist, one (Ephesus) accepted conditional immortality, and one (Carthage or Rome) taught the endless punishment of the lost. [ [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/encyc12.u.ii.html The Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, vol. 12, p. 96; retrieved Dec. 31, 2006] ] . The two major theologians opposing it were Tertullian and Augustine.Fact|date=July 2007 In later centuries, Universalism has become very much a minority position in the major branches of Christianity, though it has a long history of prominent adherents.

See also:
*Primitive Baptist Universalist
*Swedenborgianism, including The New Church
*Trinitarian Universalism
*Unitarian Universalism
*Universalist Church of America
*Universal reconciliation
*Quaker Universalist Group

Hinduism

Hindu Universalism denotes the ideology that all religions are true and therefore worthy of toleration and respect.Fact|date=July 2007 Veneration for all other religions was articulated by Gandhi:

"After long study and experience, I have come to theconclusion that [1] all religions are true; [2] allreligions have some error in them; [3] all religionsare almost as dear to me as my own Hinduism, in as much as all human beings should be as dear to one asone's own close relatives. My own veneration for other faiths is the same as that for my own faith;therefore no thought of conversion is possible." (M. K. Gandhi, "All Men Are Brothers: Life and Thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi as told in his own words", Paris, UNESCO 1958, p 60.)

Judaism

Judaism teaches that God chose the Jewish people to be in a unique covenant with God, and one of their beliefs is that Jewish people were charged by the Torah with a specific mission — to be a light unto the nations, and to exemplify the covenant with God as described in the Torah to other nations. Not explicitly a Universalist theology, this view, however, does "not" preclude a belief that God also has a relationship with other peoples — rather, Judaism holds that God had entered into a covenant with all mankind as Noachides, and that Jews and non-Jews alike have a relationship with God.

Islam

Muslims believe that God sent the Holy Qur'an to bring peace and harmony to humanity through Islam (submission to God). [ [http://www.islamicbookseller.com/product_info.php/6_Modern_Issues/Islam_and_Universal_Peace/ Islam and Universal Peace]
Sayyid Qutb1977 ISBN:B0006CU4HG ] [ [http://www.al-madeena.com/articles/islam-universal-brotherhood.htm Islam And Universal Brotherhood] ] Muhammad's worldwide mission was to establish universal peace under the Khilafat. [ [http://nation.ittefaq.com/artman/exec/view.cgi/25/14288 Islam stands for universal peace] ] The Khilafat was intended to ensure security of the lives and property of non-Muslims under the dhimmi system, as well as according them certain rights of worship.

Although that system was initially for what Islam defines as the "people of the book" (i.e. Jews and Christians), some Muslims extend this to include Mandeans, Zoroastrians, and Hindus. Other Muslims disagree, and hold that adherents of these faiths cannot be dhimmi.

The Muslim ideal of universal brotherhood is the Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) prescribed by Islam. Each year close to three million people from every corner of the globe assemble in Mecca to perform Hajj and worship God. No individual can be identified as a king or pauper because every man is dressed in ihram clothing.

New Thought

Unity, Religious Science, Divine Science are denominations within the New thought movement. Each teach there is a golden thread of Truth which is at the center of all religions. New Thought is an ever evolving belief system which will incorporates "Truth" where ever it is found, hence the name "New Thought". "All is God, But God transcends all".

Universalist quotes

ee also

* Ananda Marga
* Bahá'í Faith
* Comparative religion
* Ecumenism
* George Macdonald
* Liberal Catholic Church
* New Thought
* Omnism
* Perennial philosophy
* Religious pluralism
* Universal Sufism

References

* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15181a.htm "Catholic Encyclopedia" article on Universalists as a Protestant denomination]
* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01599a.htm "Catholic Encyclopedia" article on Apocatastasis]

Further reading

*cite book|last= Ankerl |first= Guy |title= Global communication without universal civilization |origyear= 2000 |series= INU societal research |volume= Vol.1: Coexisting contemporary civilizations : Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western |publisher= INU Press |location= Geneva |isbn= 2-88155-004-5 |pages=

External links

* [http://www.qug.org.uk/ Quaker Universalist Group]
* [http://www.christianuniversalist.org/ The Christian Universalist Association]
* [http://www.uua.org/ Unitarian Universalist Association]
* [http://www.cogwriter.com/apocatastasis.htm Universal Salvation: There Are Hundreds of Verses in the Bible that Supports the True Doctrine of Apocastatasis] --A scripture-based article from a binitarian Church of God view.
* [http://www.fellowship.to/ Christian Fellowship Ministries] -- Supporting the biblical understanding of Universal Reconciliation.
* [http://www.biblicaluniversalist.com/index.html Biblical Universalism:Universal Salvation as Taught in the Greek Text of the New Testament] -- Offers Biblical and Patristic Evidence that Hell is not Endless, with articles and sermons from historic universalists like Gregory of Nyssa, Charles Chauncy, and Elhanan Winchester.
* [http://pantheon.yale.edu/~kd47/univ.htm Universalism and the Bible] -- Prof. Keith DeRose (of Yale University) defends universalism on biblical grounds.
* [http://jts.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/110 Universal Salvation in the Eschatology of Sergius Bulgakov]
* [http://www.studentoftheword.com/welcome.html Student of the Word] Craig Nolin's Christian Universalism ministry
* [http://www.generousorthodoxy.net/thinktank/2006/06/underground_uni.html Underground Universalism]
* [http://www.biblicaluniversalist.bravehost.com/index.html The Biblical Universalist]
* [http://bible-truths.com/lake5.html Bible-Truths] L. Ray Smith, "The Lake of Fire" Series
* [http://www.angelfire.com/md/sufimusfadharidas/index.html Universalist Sufism] Sufi Musfaad
* [http://www.newchurch.org The New Church] .
* [http://www.ulchq.com Universal Life Church] -- the largest online church, practicing tenets of Universalism.

Opposing Universalism

* [http://thekingdomcome.com/the_end_of_preterist_universalism Against Universalism] -- Several Christian theological articles opposing universalism, especially preterist universalism