Mahmoud Jibril

Mahmoud Jibril محمود جبريل
Jibril at the World Economic Forum Special Meeting in Jordan 2011
Prime Minister of Libya
In office 5 March 2011 – 23 October 2011
President	Mustafa Abdul Jalil
Deputy	Ali Abd-al-Aziz al-Isawi Ali Tarhouni
Preceded by	Baghdadi Mahmudi
Succeeded by	Ali Tarhouni (Acting)
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Incumbent
Assumed office 5 March 2011
Prime Minister	Ali Tarhouni (Acting) Abdurrahim El-Keib
Preceded by	Abdul Ati al-Obeidi
Personal details
Born	1952 (age 58–59)[1] Bani Walid, Libya[2]
Alma mater	Cairo University University of Pittsburgh
Religion	Sunni Islam

Mahmoud Jibril el-Warfally^[3] (Arabic: محمود جبريل الورفلي‎), also transcribed Jabril or Jebril or Gebril, (born 1952) is a Libyan politician who served as the interim Prime Minister of Libya for seven and a half months during the 2011 Libyan civil war, chairing the executive board of the National Transitional Council from 5 March 2011 to 23 October 2011.^[4][5] He also served as the Head of International Affairs.^[6]

Toward the end of the conflict, Jibril was increasingly referred to by foreign governments and in media as the interim prime minister of Libya rather than as the chairman of the executive board, the title used to describe him on the NTC's website, but it was unclear whether this was an official title or simply referred to his position as the provisional council's head of government.^[7] Jibril's government was recognized as the "sole legitimate representative" of Libya by the majority of UN states including France, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, Iran and Qatar.

Career

Jibril graduated in Economics and Political Science from Cairo University in 1975,^[1] then earned a master's degree in political science in 1980 and a doctorate in political science in 1985, both from the University of Pittsburgh.^[8] He taught strategic planning at Pittsburgh for several years.

Jibril led the team who drafted and formed the Unified Arab Training manual. He was also responsible for organizing and administering the first two Training conferences in the Arab world in the years 1987 and 1988. He later took over the management and administration of many of the leaders’ training programs for senior management in Arab countries including Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and the United Arab Emirates, as well as Turkey and the United Kingdom.^[9]

From 2007 to early 2011, he served in the Gaddafi regime as head of the National Economic Development Board (NEDB),^[10] where he promoted privatization and liberalization policies.^[11]

National Transitional Council

On 23 March 2011, amidst the Libyan civil war, the National Transitional Council officially formed a transitional government and Jibril was appointed to head it.^[12] Jibril led meetings and negotiations with French President Nicolas Sarkozy, a meeting that resulted in France officially recognizing the National Transitional Council as the sole representative of the Libyan people. He also met with UK Foreign Secretary William Hague and then-U.S. Ambassador to Libya Gene Cretz, successfully persuading them to publicly back the NTC.^[13]

Since being appointed as the NTC's head of government, Jibril has been referred to by foreign officials as both as the interim prime minister^[14] and the chairman of the Executive Board,^[15] the title attributed to him by the NTC official website.^[4] References to Jibril as the prime minister, including by news organisations,^[16] foreign government ministries,^[17] and world leaders,^[18] have increased significantly since rebels entered Tripoli in late August 2011.

In his capacity as the NTC's top diplomat, Jibril has also been referred to as the council's foreign minister,^[19][20] though this may be a colloquial title. Qatar-based news organization Al Jazeera English has also called him "the NTC's chief of staff" on at least one occasion.^[21]

The Executive Board was sacked en masse by decision of the NTC on 8 August over its sluggish response to the assassination of General Abdul Fatah Younis, Benghazi's top commander.^[22] Jibril was asked to form a new board subject to the council's approval.^[23] Though Jibril stayed on as the board's chairman, a spokesman for the NTC said he would be required to spend less time out of the country.^[24]

On 21 August, amidst the Battle of Tripoli, Jibril gave a televised speech urging revolutionary fighters against looting, revenge killing, abusing foreign nationals, and mistreating prisoners of war. He also called for unity and asked that police and army units in Tripoli disavow Gaddafi but remain at their posts. Jibril declared, "Today, all Libya's people are allowed to participate in the building of the future to build institutions with the aid of a constitution that does not differentiate between a man and a woman, sects or ethnicities. Libya is for everyone and will now be for everyone. Libya has the right to create an example that will be followed in the Arab region."^[25]

In September, Jibril "proposed 36 names for a new cabinet, including friends and relatives, and retained the prime minister and foreign minister slots for himself." He later retracted the proposal when NTC members objected, but an anonymous council official said it had "left a bitter taste".^[26]

Resignation

On 3 October 2011, Jibril announced that he would resign from government once the country had been "liberated". ^[27] He later specified this meant the capture of Sirte from loyalist holdouts.^[28] On 20 October 2011, Sirte was captured and Muammar Gaddafi was killed. Keeping his promise to leave at the war's end, Jibril resigned three days later. He was succeeded by Abdurrahim El-Keib on 31 October.

Works

• el-Warfally, Mahmoud G., Imagery and Ideology in U.S. Policy Toward Libya, 1969-1982, University of Pittsburgh Press; (Dec 1988), ISBN 978-0822935803

References

External links

• Profile at the NTC
• Mahmoud Jibril collected news and commentary at Al Jazeera English
• Works by or about Mahmoud Jibril in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Mahmoud Jibril: the international face of Libya's rebels, Daniel Schwartz, CBC News, 29 March 2011
• Mahmoud Gebril: The Rebel Who Could Run Libya, Vivienne Walt, Time, 1 April 2011

v · d · eHeads of government of Libya Kingdom of Libya (1951–1969) Mahmud al-Muntasir · Muhammad Sakizli · Mustafa Ben Halim · Abdul Majid Kubar · Muhammad Osman Said · Mohieddin Fikini · Mahmud al-Muntasir · Hussein Maziq · Abdul Qadir al-Badri · Abdul Hamid al-Bakkoush · Wanis al-Qaddafi Libyan Arab Republic (1969–1977) Mahmud Sulayman al-Maghribi · Muammar Gaddafi · Abdessalam Jalloud Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011) Abdul Ati al-Obeidi · Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi · Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab · Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi · Umar Mustafa al-Muntasir · Abuzed Omar Dorda · Abdul Majid al-Qa′ud · Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush · Imbarek Shamekh · Shukri Ghanem · Baghdadi Mahmudi National Transitional Council (2011–present) Mahmoud Jibril (Acting) · Ali Tarhouni (Acting) · Abdurrahim El-Keib (Acting)

v · d · e2011 Libyan civil war Part of the Arab Spring · Timeline (15 February–18 March · 19 March–31 May · June–15 August · 16 August–23 October) Forces Anti-Gaddafi forces (National Liberation Army – Free Libyan Air Force – NCLO) • Military of Libya (Libyan Army – Libyan Air Force – Libyan Navy) • Revolutionary Guard Corps Battles Cyrenaica First Battle of Benghazi • First Battle of Brega • Battle of Ra's Lanuf • Battle of Bin Jawad • Second Battle of Brega • Battle of Ajdabiya • Second Battle of Benghazi • First Gulf of Sidra offensive • Third Battle of Brega • Battle of Brega–Ajdabiya road • Cyrenaica campaign • Fourth Battle of Brega  • Ra's Lanuf raid Fezzan Sabha clashes • Fezzan campaign • Battle of Sabha • Ghadames raid Tripolitania First Tripoli clashes • Battle of Misrata • First Battle of Zawiya • Nafusa Mountain Campaign (Battle of Wazzin • Battle of Gharyan) • Battle of the Misrata frontline (Zliten uprising • Battle of Zliten • Battle of Taworgha) • Zawiya raid • Msallata clashes • Rebel coastal offensive (Second Battle of Zawiya) • Ras Ajdir clashes • Battle of Tripoli • Second Gulf of Sidra offensive (Battle of Sirte) • Battle of Bani Walid • Second Tripoli clashes NATO operations Operation Ellamy • Opération Harmattan • Operation Mobile • Operation Odyssey Dawn • Operation Unified Protector People Anti-Gaddafi Mustafa Abdul Jalil • Mahmoud Jibril • Abdul Fatah Younis • Abdul Hafiz Ghoga • Suleiman Mahmoud • Omar El-Hariri • Jalal al-Digheily • Khalifa Belqasim Haftar • Ali Tarhouni • Ali Abd-al-Aziz al-Isawi • Fathi Terbil • Abdelhakim Belhadj • Abu Oweis • Mahdi al-Harati Pro-Gaddafi Muammar Gaddafi • Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr • Saif al-Islam Gaddafi • Khamis Gaddafi • Ali Sharif al-Rifi NATO James G. Stavridis • Charles Bouchard • Ralph Jodice • Rinaldo Veri Others Mohammed Nabbous • Iman al-Obeidi • Prince Mohammed El Senussi • Prince Idris bin Abdullah al-Senussi • Hussein Sadiq al Musrati Places, buildings and structures Abu Salim prison • Bab al-Azizia • Fist Crushing a U.S. Fighter Plane Sculpture • Giuliana Bridge • Green Square/Martyrs' Square • Maydan al Shajara • Mitiga International Airport • People's Hall, Tripoli • Rixos Al Nasr Impact Casualties • Domestic responses (Gaddafi's response to the protests – Gaddafi's response to the civil war) • Human rights violations (Rape allegations) • Humanitarian situation (Refugees) • International reactions (International reactions to military intervention – Protests against military intervention – U.S. reactions to military intervention – International reactions to Gaddafi's death) Other Democratic Party (Libya) • Libyan Freedom and Democracy Campaign • Media • National Transitional Council • Topple the Tyrants • United Nations Security Council Resolution 1970 • United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 • United Nations Security Council Resolution 2016 • Voice of Free Libya • Zenga Zenga Italics denote operations or battles related to the military intervention in Libya Category ·  Commons ·  Wikinews ·  Wikiquotes