Search Results

Optimal policies to promote efficient distributed generation of electricity,
David Brown and David Sappington, in Journal of Regulatory Economics (2017)
Keywords: Electricity pricing, Distributed generation, Regulation

Distributed Generation and Load Modeling in Microgrids,
Mohammad AlMuhaini, Abass Yahaya and Ahmed AlAhmed, in Sustainability (2023)
Keywords: distributed generation; solar; wind; microgrids; energy storage

A review on distributed generation planning,
Bindeshwar Singh and Janmejay Sharma, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2017)
Keywords: Distributed generation; Distributed generation planning; Distribution power networks; Power flow analysis; Power system performances; Artificial intelligence computational techniques;

Optimal distributed renewable generation planning: A review of different approaches,
Wen-Shan Tan, Mohammad Yusri Hassan, Md Shah Majid and Hasimah Abdul Rahman, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2013)
Keywords: Distributed generation; Distributed renewable generation; Power distribution planning; Optimization methods.;

A review of islanding detection techniques for renewable distributed generation systems,
Aziah Khamis, Hussain Shareef, Erdal Bizkevelci and Tamer Khatib, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2013)
Keywords: Islanding detection; Renewable distributed generation; Distributed generation (DG);

Allocation of distributed generation units in electric power systems: A review,
Ahmad Rezaee Jordehi, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2016)
Keywords: Distribution system; Distributed generation; Optimisation;

An Economic Evaluation of Small-scale Distributed Electricity Generation Technologies,
Chris Hansen and John Bower, from University Library of Munich, Germany (2004)
Keywords: Distributed generation, hybrid power, renewables

A McKean-Vlasov approach to distributed electricity generation development,
René Aïd, Matteo Basei and Huyen Pham, from HAL (2020)
Keywords: Decarbonation,Distributed generation,Stochastic game,McKean–Vlasov

Future development of the electricity systems with distributed generation,
Angel A. Bayod-Rújula, in Energy (2009)
Keywords: Distributed generation; Renewable energy; Distribution networks;

Data granularity and the optimal planning of distributed generation,
L. Kools and F. Phillipson, in Energy (2016)
Keywords: Stochastic programming; Distributed generation; Capacity planning;

The influence of distributed generation penetration levels on energy markets,
Fabrício Peter Vahl, Ricardo Rüther and Nelson Casarotto Filho, in Energy Policy (2013)
Keywords: Distributed generation; Energy market; Energy price;

Distributed generation and distribution market diversity in Europe,
H. Lopes Ferreira, A. Costescu, A. L'Abbate, P. Minnebo and G. Fulli, in Energy Policy (2011)
Keywords: Distributed generation Econometric indices Electricity markets unbundling

Distributed generation: An empirical analysis of primary motivators,
Sanya Carley, in Energy Policy (2009)
Keywords: Distributed generation US electricity sector Electric utilities

Environmental advantages of superconducting devices in distributed electricity-generation,
Teemu Hartikainen, Risto Mikkonen and Jorma Lehtonen, in Applied Energy (2007)
Keywords: Distributed generation Environment Life-cycle assessment Superconductivity

A McKean–Vlasov approach to distributed electricity generation development,
René Aïd, Matteo Basei and Huyên Pham, in Mathematical Methods of Operations Research (2020)
Keywords: Decarbonation, Distributed generation, Stochastic game, McKean–Vlasov

Stochastic Planning of Distributed PV Generation,
Mohammadhafez Bazrafshan, Likhitha Yalamanchili, Nikolaos Gatsis and Juan Gomez, in Energies (2019)
Keywords: distributed photovoltaic generation; mixed-integer programming; power distribution planning; inverter

Distributed power generation in the United States,
Alexander Thornton and Carlos Rodríguez Monroy, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2011)
Keywords: Distributed generation; Cogeneration; Combined heat and power; United States; Barriers;

Entrepreneurship, sustainability, and solar distributed generation,
Wadim Strielkowski, in Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues (2016)
Keywords: entrepreneurship, sustainability, electricity pricing, solar panels, entrepreneurship, distributed generation

Distributed Generation in Unbundled Electricity Markets,
Johannes Wagner, from Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI) (2018)
Keywords: Distributed Generation; Renewable Energy; Retail Unbundling; Spatial Competition

Distributed energy generation and sustainable development,
Kari Alanne and Arto Saari, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2006)
Keywords: Sustainable development Reliability Energy system Distributed energy generation Degree of decentralization

Private investor-based distributed generation expansion planning considering uncertainties of renewable generations,
Fatemeh Barati, Shahram Jadid and Ali Zangeneh, in Energy (2019)
Keywords: Distributed generation expansion planning; Private investors; Renewable distributed generations; Uncertainties;

Control strategies and configurations of hybrid distributed generation systems,
Maria Stefania Carmeli, Francesco Castelli-Dezza, Marco Mauri, Gabriele Marchegiani and Daniele Rosati, in Renewable Energy (2012)
Keywords: Hybrid generation systems; Distributed generation; CHP generation; Photovoltaic generation; Supervisor control strategy;

Evaluation of economic regulation in distribution systems with distributed generation,
Yalin Huang and Lennart Söder, in Energy (2017)
Keywords: Network planning; Distributed generation; Distributed generation integration; Reinforcement; Connection fee; Economic regulation; Curtailment; Loss;

A Hybrid RES Distributed Generation System for Autonomous Islands: A DER-CAM and Storage-Based Economic and Optimal Dispatch Analysis,
Panagiotis Michalitsakos, Lucian Mihet-Popa and George Xydis, in Sustainability (2017)
Keywords: distributed generation; DER-CAM; distributed energy resources

Navigating the transition: The impacts of electricity tariff regulation on distributed generation in Brazil,
Aline Veronese da Silva and Thaís Araújo Tarelho Rato, in Utilities Policy (2024)
Keywords: Electricity regulation; Distributed generation (DG); Cross-subsidies;

Distributed Generation Forecasting Based on Rolling Graph Neural Network (ROLL-GNN),
Jizhong Xue, Zaohui Kang, Chun Sing Lai, Yu Wang, Fangyuan Xu and Haoliang Yuan, in Energies (2023)
Keywords: distributed generation; PV forecasting; graph neural networks

Simulation of Distributed Generation with Photovoltaic Microgrids—Case Study in Brazil,
Gustavo Azevedo Xavier, Delly Oliveira Filho, José Helvecio Martins, Paulo Marcos de Barros Monteiro and Antônia Sônia Alves Cardozo Diniz, in Energies (2015)
Keywords: photovoltaic feasibility; flexible generation; distributed energy resources

Progress on Protection Strategies to Mitigate the Impact of Renewable Distributed Generation on Distribution Systems,
Mohamad Norshahrani, Hazlie Mokhlis, Ab. Halim Abu Bakar, Jasrul Jamani Jamian and Shivashankar Sukumar, in Energies (2017)
Keywords: distributed generation; distribution system protection; protection coordination

Optimal Power Control of Inverter-Based Distributed Generations in Grid-Connected Microgrid,
Mohamed A. Hassan, Muhammed Y. Worku and Mohamed A. Abido, in Sustainability (2019)
Keywords: distributed generation; dynamic stability; microgrid; and PQ Control

R&D (Research and Development) on distributed power generation from solid fuels,
Kunio Yoshikawa, in Energy (2006)
Keywords: Gasification; Distributed power generation; Solid fuel;

Considerations for decision-making on distributed power generation in rural areas,
Melissa L. Holtmeyer, Shuxiao Wang and Richard L. Axelbaum, in Energy Policy (2013)
Keywords: Distributed generation; Renewable energy; Rural electrification;

Retail electricity tariff and mechanism design to incentivize distributed renewable generation,
Ramteen Sioshansi, in Energy Policy (2016)
Keywords: Distributed generation; Retail electricity pricing; Incentive mechanisms;

Constitutional aspects of distributed generation policies for promoting Brazilian economic development,
Jorge Vleberton Bessa de Andrade, Bruno Noronha Rodrigues, Ivan Felipe Silva dos Santos, Jamil Haddad and Geraldo Lúcio Tiago Filho, in Energy Policy (2020)
Keywords: Distributed generation; Economic development; Regulation; Incentives;

Network investments and the integration of distributed generation: Regulatory recommendations for the Dutch electricity industry,
Eva Niesten, in Energy Policy (2010)
Keywords: Distributed electricity generation Network investments Regulation

Renewable energy resources for distributed power generation in Nigeria: A review of the potential,
Y.S. Mohammed, M.W. Mustafa, Naomi Bashir and A.S. Mokhtar, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2013)
Keywords: Renewable energy; Distributed Generation; Potential; Nigeria;

Sustainable potential of bioenergy resources for distributed power generation development in Nigeria,
Y.S. Mohammed, M.W. Mustafa, Naomi Bashir, M.A. Ogundola and U. Umar, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2014)
Keywords: Sustainable potential; Bioenergy; Biomass; Bioelectricity; Distributed generation;

Optimal sizing and siting techniques for distributed generation in distribution systems: A review,
Prem Prakash and Dheeraj K. Khatod, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2016)
Keywords: Distributed generation; Distribution system; Optimal sizing and siting;

Distributed generation deployment: State-of-the-art of distribution system planning in sustainable era,
Sanjay Jain, Shilpa Kalambe, Ganga Agnihotri and Anuprita Mishra, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2017)
Keywords: Distributed generation; DG deployment; Distribution system;

Impact of distributed generation on protection and voltage regulation of distribution systems: A review,
Seyed-Ehsan Razavi, Ehsan Rahimi, Mohammad Sadegh Javadi, Ali Esmaeel Nezhad, Mohamed Lotfi, Miadreza Shafie-khah and João P.S. Catalão, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2019)
Keywords: Distributed Generation; Voltage regulation; Protection coordination; Uncertainty;

Paths and barriers to the diffusion of distributed generation of photovoltaic energy in southern Brazil,
Taís Bisognin Garlet, José Luis Duarte Ribeiro, Fernando de Souza Savian and Julio Cezar Mairesse Siluk, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2019)
Keywords: Photovoltaic energy; Distributed generation; Diffusion of innovation;

Distributed Electricity Generation in Competitive Energy Markets: A Case Study in Australia,
Deepak Sharma and Robert Bartels, in The Energy Journal (1997)
Keywords: Electricity; distributed generation; competition; Australia; deregulation

Operation and Control in a Competitive Market: Distributed Generation in a Restructured Industry,
Judith Cardell and Richard Tabors, in The Energy Journal (1997)
Keywords: Electricity; distributed generation; competition; small generators; ISO

On the Optimal Design of Distributed Generation Policies: Is Net Metering Ever Optimal?,
David Brown and David Sappington, from University of Alberta, Department of Economics (2014)
Keywords: electricity pricing; distributed generation; net metering

Flexible transmission network planning considering distributed generation impacts,
Junhua Zhao, John Foster, Zy Dong and Kp Wong, from School of Economics, University of Queensland, Australia (2010)
Keywords: Electricity markets, transmission expansion, distributed generation

SmartGrid: Future networks for New Zealand power systems incorporating distributed generation,
Nirmal-Kumar C. Nair and Lixi Zhang, in Energy Policy (2009)
Keywords: Distributed generation Electrical power systems Power grids

Retail Electricity Tariff and Mechanism Design to Incentivise Distributed Generation,
Ramteen Sioshansi, from Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)
Keywords: Distributed generation; retail electricity pricing; incentive mechanisms

Designing Compensation for Distributed Solar Generation: Is Net Metering Ever Optimal?,
David Brown and David Sappington, in The Energy Journal (2017)
Keywords: Electricity pricing; Distributed generation; Net metering

Distributed Generation Power Systems in Wastewater Management,
Matouš Vrzala, Miroslava Goňo, Radomír Goňo, Michal Kotulla, Małgorzata Wzorek and Zbigniew Leonowicz, in Energies (2022)
Keywords: distributed generation; renewable energy; blackout; island operation; wastewater treatment

Optimal Allocation of Distributed Generation Considering Protection,
Hamza M. Bakr, Mostafa F. Shaaban, Ahmed H. Osman and Hatem F. Sindi, in Energies (2020)
Keywords: distributed generation; optimization; power system protection; renewable resources; smart grids

Optimal Voltage Control in MV Network with Distributed Generation,
Piotr Kacejko and Paweł Pijarski, in Energies (2021)
Keywords: voltage control; distributed generation; power losses; heuristic optimization; medium voltage

An Effective Passive Islanding Detection Algorithm for Distributed Generations,
Arash Abyaz, Habib Panahi, Reza Zamani, Hassan Haes Alhelou, Pierluigi Siano, Miadreza Shafie-khah and Mimmo Parente, in Energies (2019)
Keywords: Islanding detection; distributed generation; modern power system; anti-islanding; protection

Distributed generation with energy storage systems: A case study,
Xinjing Zhang, Haisheng Chen, Yujie Xu, Wen Li, Fengjuan He, Huan Guo and Ye Huang, in Applied Energy (2017)
Keywords: Distributed generation; Energy storage; Simulation and experiment; Fuel saving; Exergy efficiency;

Distributed generation investment by a microgrid under uncertainty,
Afzal S. Siddiqui and Chris Marnay, in Energy (2008)
Keywords: Distributed generation; Real options; Optimal investment; Energy markets;

Valuing the carbon assets of distributed photovoltaic generation in China,
Xinkuo Xu, Chengmei Guan and Jiayu Jin, in Energy Policy (2018)
Keywords: Carbon asset; Distributed photovoltaic generation; Valuation; Sensitivity analysis;

Distributed photovoltaic generation and energy storage systems: A review,
Olga Moraes Toledo, Delly Oliveira Filho and Antônia Sônia Alves Cardoso Diniz, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2010)
Keywords: Distributed generation Photovoltaic systems Energy storage systems Load management

Microgrid architectures for low voltage distributed generation,
Iván Patrao, Emilio Figueres, Gabriel Garcerá and Raúl González-Medina, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2015)
Keywords: Microgrids; Smart-grids; Distributed generation; Architectures; ac-bus; dc-bus;

Investment and upgrade in distributed generation under uncertainty,
Afzal S. Siddiqui and Karl Maribu, in Energy Economics (2009)
Keywords: Combined heat and power applications Distributed generation Real options

Designing grid tariffs in the presence of distributed generation,
Carlo Cambini and Golnoush Soroush, in Utilities Policy (2019)
Keywords: Distributed generation; Grid tariffs; Net metering pricing scheme;

Application of decision tree and discrete wavelet transform for an optimized intelligent-based islanding detection method in distributed systems with distributed generations,
Mehrdad Heidari, Ghodratollah Seifossadat and Morteza Razaz, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2013)
Keywords: Islanding; Distributed generation; Distribution systems wavelet;

Going smarter in the connection of distributed generation,
Karim Anaya and Michael Pollitt, in Energy Policy (2017)
Keywords: Distributed generation; Renewable energy; Smart solutions; Cost benefit analysis; Smart connection incentive;

Miniaturized Distributed Generation for a Micro Smart Grid Simulator,
Yun-Seok Ko, Su-Hwan Kim and Gyoung-Hwan Lim, in Energies (2022)
Keywords: smart grid; power distribution system; micro smart grid simulator; distributed generation; micro distributed generation; micro inverter; micro protective device; MEMS

Power electronics for distributed and co-generation,
Ahmed Faheem Zobaa and Afshin Majd, in International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy (2007)
Keywords: dispersed generation; microturbines; induction generators; virtual test bed; VTB; power electronics; co-generation; distributed generation; solar energy; solar power; fuel cells; wind power; wind energy.

Characteristic Evaluation of Wind Power Distributed Generation Sizing in Distribution System,
Issarachai Ngamroo, Wikorn Kotesakha, Suntiti Yoomak and Atthapol Ngaopitakkul, in Sustainability (2023)
Keywords: distributed generation; distribution system; voltage drop; fault; wind power generation

Enhancing line loadability in urban rail systems: evaluating the impact of distributed generation on voltage stability, power losses and generation costs,
Adlan Ali, Muhammad Helmy Emran, Mimi Faisyalini Ramli, Halyani Mohd Yassim, Amirul Sufie A Wahab and Auni Najihah Mohamed Ghazali, in Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology (2024)
Keywords: Direct current, Distributed generation, Traction power substation.

Application of Distributed Electricity Generation Systems in Agricultural Greenhouses,
John Vourdoubas, in Journal of Agriculture and Crops (2021)
Keywords: Agricultural greenhouses; Electricity; Distributed electricity generation systems; Renewable energies; High efficiency energy technologies; Co-generation systems

Optimal allocation of distributed generation and capacitor banks using probabilistic generation models with correlations,
Luan D.L. Pereira, Imene Yahyaoui, Rodrigo Fiorotti, Luíza S. de Menezes, Jussara F. Fardin, Helder R.O. Rocha and Fernando Tadeo, in Applied Energy (2022)
Keywords: Generation forecast; Stochastic correlation; Distributed generation; Capacitor banks; Genetic algorithm;

The frequency-independent control method for distributed generation systems,
Siamak Naderi, Edris Pouresmaeil and Wenzhong David Gao, in Applied Energy (2012)
Keywords: Distributed energy resources; Distributed generation; Hysteresis current control; Reactive power compensation; Rotating synchronous reference frame; Voltage source inverter;

Protection requirement graph for interconnection of distributed generation on distribution level,
Kari Maki, Sami Repo and Pertti Jarventausta, in International Journal of Global Energy Issues (2007)
Keywords: distributed generation; relay protection; interconnection terms; network planning; power generation; electricity generation; protection planning.

A Study on Applicability of Distributed Energy Generation, Storage and Consumption within Small Scale Facilities,
Jesús Rodríguez-Molina, José-Fernán Martínez and Pedro Castillejo, in Energies (2016)
Keywords: distributed generation; distributed energy resources; business model; Smart Grid

Hardware-in-the-Loop testing platform for distributed generation systems,
Antonello Monti, Ferdinanda Ponci, Zhenhua Jiang and Roger A. Dougal, in International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy (2007)
Keywords: hardware-in-the-loop; HIL; distributed generation; fuel cells; virtual test bed; VTB; LabVIEW; power generation; real-time simulation.

Operation and control of multiple Distributed Generation systems in the microgrid,
D.N. Gaonkar and G.N. Pillai, in International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy (2011)
Keywords: distributed generation; microgrid; microturbines; converter interface; synchronous generators; electricity generation; wind turbines; wind energy; wind power; simulation; renewable energy.

The Impact of Grid-Forming vs. Grid-Following Converters on Frequency Regulation: Comparing Centralised or Distributed Photovoltaic Generation,
Giuseppe Marco Tina, Giovanni Maione and Domenico Stefanelli, in Energies (2024)
Keywords: frequency regulation; distributed generation; grid-forming inverters

Multi-Criteria Optimal Sizing and Allocation of Renewable and Non-Renewable Distributed Generation Resources at 63 kV/20 kV Substations,
Seyed Siavash Karimi Madahi and Andrija T. Sarić, in Energies (2020)
Keywords: allocation; distributed generation; multi-criteria; optimization; sizing

Economic, Environmental and Energetic Analysis of a Distributed Generation System Composed by Waste Gasification and Photovoltaic Panels,
Alvaro Quiles Garcia, Naoya Nishiumi, Atsushi Saito, Eriko Matsumura and Jiro Senda, in Energies (2021)
Keywords: distributed generation system; biomass; gasification; photovoltaic panels

Three-Phase Primary Control for Unbalance Sharing between Distributed Generation Units in a Microgrid,
Tine L. Vandoorn, Jeroen D. M. De Kooning, Jan Van de Vyver and Lieven Vandevelde, in Energies (2013)
Keywords: distributed generation; droop controllers; microgrid; unbalance sharing

Flower pollination algorithm based multi-objective congestion management considering optimal capacities of distributed generations,
Rajagopal Peesapati, Vinod Kumar Yadav and Niranjan Kumar, in Energy (2018)
Keywords: Transmission congestion; Distributed generation; Flower pollination algorithm;

Large-scale integration of renewable and distributed generation of electricity in Spain: Current situation and future needs,
Rafael Cossent, Tomás Gómez and Luis Olmos, in Energy Policy (2011)
Keywords: Renewable and distributed generation; Network regulation; Electricity markets;

The role of Decentralized Distributed Generation in achieving universal rural electrification in South Asia by 2030,
Kapil Narula, Yu Nagai and Shonali Pachauri, in Energy Policy (2012)
Keywords: Decentralized Distributed Generation; Electricity access; Rural electrification;

The potential impacts of grid-connected distributed generation and how to address them: A review of technical and non-technical factors,
Robert Passey, Ted Spooner, Iain MacGill, Muriel Watt and Katerina Syngellakis, in Energy Policy (2011)
Keywords: Distributed generation Grid-connected Non-technical factors

Towards a future with large penetration of distributed generation: Is the current regulation of electricity distribution ready? Regulatory recommendations under a European perspective,
Rafael Cossent, Tomás Gómez and Pablo Frías, in Energy Policy (2009)
Keywords: Distribution system operator Distributed generation Regulation

Development mode for renewable energy power in China: Electricity pool and distributed generation units,
Ou Zhang, Shunkun Yu and Pingkuo Liu, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2015)
Keywords: Renewable energy; Electricity pool; Distributed generation units;

Assessment of photovoltaic distributed generation – Issues of grid connected systems through the consumer side applied to a case study of Brazil,
Henrique Fernandes Camilo, Miguel Edgar Morales Udaeta, André Luiz Veiga Gimenes and Jose Aquiles Baesso Grimoni, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2017)
Keywords: Distributed generation; Photovoltaic; Distribution grid; Regulation;

Insertion of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation in Brazil: A Correlation Analysis between Socioeconomic and Geographic Aspects,
Marcelle Feitoza Bassi Costa and Jo o Alberto Neves dos Santos, in International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy (2020)
Keywords: Correlation, Social Economics, Photovoltaic distributed generation

Smart grid as a chance for distributed generation (Koncepcja smart grid szansą dla rozwoju generacji rozproszonej),
Anna Kowalska-Pyzalska, from Hugo Steinhaus Center, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology (2010)
Keywords: Smart grid; Distributed generation; Power system

The value of distributed flexibility for reducing generation and network reinforcement costs,
Marion Pichoud, Virginie Dussartre, Maxime Lâasri and Jan Horst Keppler, from HAL (2023)
Keywords: Distributed flexibility,Unit commitment,Grid reinforcement,Generation costs,Distribution network

Integrating Distributed Generation: Regulation and Trends in Three Leading Countries,
Karim Anaya and Michael Pollitt, from Energy Policy Research Group, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge (2014)
Keywords: distributed generation, renewable energy, support schemes, connection arrangements

Solar Energy and Biomass within Distributed Generation for a Northeast Brazil Hotel,
Karollyne Marques de Lima, Danielle Bandeira de Mello Delgado, Dener Delmiro Martins and Monica Carvalho, in Energies (2022)
Keywords: distributed generation; polygeneration; tertiary sector; MILP; SDG 12

Impact of Distributed Generation on the Effectiveness of Electric Distribution System Reconfiguration,
Matheus Diniz Gonçalves-Leite, Edgar Manuel Carreño-Franco and Jesús M. López-Lezama, in Energies (2023)
Keywords: active power losses; distributed generation; distribution system reconfiguration; metaheuristics

Interval Assessment Method for Distribution Network Hosting Capacity of Renewable Distributed Generation,
Dai Wan, Simin Peng, Haochong Zhang, Hanbin Diao, Peiqiang Li and Chunming Tu, in Energies (2024)
Keywords: renewable distributed generation; hosting capacity; interval assessment; uncertainties; robust model

Optimization Models under Uncertainty in Distributed Generation Systems: A Review,
Àlex Alonso-Travesset, Helena Martín, Sergio Coronas and Jordi de la Hoz, in Energies (2022)
Keywords: optimization; distributed generation; uncertainty; microgrids; renewable energy; energy management