The Evolution of Rotation Group Bias: Will the Real Unemployment Rate Please Stand Up?

Alan Krueger, Alexandre Mas and Xiaotong Niu

No 20396, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: This paper documents that rotation group bias -- the tendency for labor force statistics to vary systematically by month in sample in labor force surveys -- in the Current Population Survey (CPS) has worsened considerably over time. The estimated unemployment rate for earlier rotation groups has grown sharply relative to the unemployment rate for later rotation groups; both should be nationally representative samples. The rise in rotation group bias is driven by a growing tendency for respondents to report job search in earlier rotations relative to later rotations. We investigate explanations for the change in bias. We find that rotation group bias increased discretely after the 1994 CPS redesign and that rising nonresponse is likely a significant contributor. Survey nonresponse increased after the redesign, and subsequently trended upward, mirroring the time pattern of rotation group bias. Consistent with this explanation, there is only a small increase in rotation group bias for households that responded in all eight interviews. An analysis of rotation group bias in Canada and the U.K. reveal no rotation group bias in Canada and a modest and declining bias in the U.K. There is not a "Heisenberg Principle" of rotation group bias, whereby the bias is an inherent feature of repeated interviewing. We explore alternative weightings of the unemployment rate by rotation group and find that, despite the rise in rotation group bias, the official unemployment does no worse than these other measures in predicting alternative measures of economic slack or fitting key macroeconomic relationships.

JEL-codes: J01 J64 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014-08
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-lab and nep-lma
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

Published as Alan B. Krueger & Alexandre Mas & Xiaotong Niu, 2017. "The Evolution of Rotation Group Bias: Will the Real Unemployment Rate Please Stand Up?," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 99(2), pages 258-264, May.

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Related works:
Journal Article: The Evolution of Rotation Group Bias: Will the Real Unemployment Rate Please Stand Up? (2017)
Working Paper: The Evolution of Rotation Group Bias: Will the Real Unemployment Rate Please Stand Up? (2014)
Working Paper: The Evolution of Rotation Group Bias: Will the Real Unemployment Rate Please Stand Up? (2014)
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