Details about William Easterly

Homepage:	http://williameasterly.org/
Phone:	212-992-8684
Postal address:	19 W. 4th Street, New York NY 10012
Workplace:	National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), (more information at EDIRC) Department of Economics, New York University (NYU), (more information at EDIRC)

Access statistics for papers by William Easterly.

Last updated 2023-03-11. Update your information in the RePEc Author Service.

Short-id: pea1

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Working Papers

2020

1. Leader Value Added: Assessing the Growth Contribution of Individual National Leaders
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (14)

2019

2. In Search of Reforms for Growth: New Stylized Facts on Policy and Growth Outcomes
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (16)

2016

3. The Surprising Instability of Export Specializations
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (7)

2013

4. Commercial Imperialism? Political Influence and Trade during the Cold War
   Scholarly Articles, Harvard University Department of Economics View citations (152)
   Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2010) View citations (19)
   See also Journal Article Commercial Imperialism? Political Influence and Trade during the Cold War, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2013) View citations (158) (2013)

2012

5. The European Origins of Economic Development
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (47)
   Also in MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany (2012) View citations (45)
   See also Journal Article The European origins of economic development, Journal of Economic Growth, Springer (2016) View citations (108) (2016)

2011

6. Rhetoric versus reality: the best and worst of aid agency practices
   MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany View citations (58)
   See also Journal Article Rhetoric versus Reality: The Best and Worst of Aid Agency Practices, World Development, Elsevier (2011) View citations (54) (2011)

2010

7. African Export Successes: Surprises, Stylized Facts, and Explanations
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (27)
   See also Chapter African Export Successes: Surprises, Stylized Facts, and Explanations, NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2014) View citations (7) (2014)
8. The Effect of IMF and World Bank Programmes on Poverty
   Working Papers, eSocialSciences
   Also in WIDER Working Paper Series, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER) (2001) View citations (7)

2009

9. Empirics of Strategic Interdependence: The Case of the Racial Tipping Point
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (16)
   See also Journal Article Empirics of Strategic Interdependence: The Case of the Racial Tipping Point, The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter (2009) View citations (20) (2009)
10. The power of exports
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (40)

2008

11. Can the West Save Africa?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (15)
    See also Journal Article Can the West Save Africa?, Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association (2009) View citations (83) (2009)
12. Institutions: top down or bottom up?
    MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany View citations (78)
    See also Journal Article Institutions: Top Down or Bottom Up?, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2008) View citations (77) (2008)
13. Superpower Interventions and their Consequences for Democracy: An Empirical Inquiry
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (14)
14. Was the Wealth of Nations Determined in 1000 B.C.?
    Harvard Business School Working Papers, Harvard Business School View citations (28)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2006) View citations (12)
    See also Journal Article Was the Wealth of Nations Determined in 1000 BC?, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association (2010) View citations (215) (2010)

2007

15. Walking up the down escalator: public investment and fiscal stability
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (4)
    See also Journal Article Walking up the Down Escalator: Public Investment and Fiscal Stability, The World Bank Research Observer, World Bank (2008) View citations (22) (2008)

2006

16. Artificial States
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (13)
    Also in Working Papers, Center for Global Development (2006) View citations (13)
    Harvard Institute of Economic Research Working Papers, Harvard - Institute of Economic Research (2006) View citations (13)
    See also Journal Article ARTIFICIAL STATES, Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association (2011) View citations (22) (2011)
17. Development, Democracy and Mass Killings
    CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers View citations (27)
    Also in Working Papers, Center for Global Development (2006) View citations (27)
    See also Journal Article Development, democracy, and mass killings, Journal of Economic Growth, Springer (2006) View citations (27) (2006)
18. Social Cohesion, Institutions, and Growth
    Working Papers, Center for Global Development View citations (183)
    See also Journal Article SOCIAL COHESION, INSTITUTIONS, AND GROWTH, Economics and Politics, Wiley Blackwell (2006) View citations (174) (2006)

2005

19. Reliving the '50s: The Big Push, Poverty Traps, and Takeoffs in Economic Development
    Working Papers, Center for Global Development View citations (26)
20. The Lamentable Return of the Big Push in Economic Development
    Proceedings of the German Development Economics Conference, Kiel 2005, Verein für Socialpolitik, Research Committee Development Economics View citations (3)

2003

21. Fractionalization
    Scholarly Articles, Harvard University Department of Economics View citations (12)
    Also in Harvard Institute of Economic Research Working Papers, Harvard - Institute of Economic Research (2002) View citations (61)
    Research Papers, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business (2002) View citations (45)
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2003) View citations (94)
    ULB Institutional Repository, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles (2003) View citations (48)
    See also Journal Article Fractionalization, Journal of Economic Growth, Springer (2003) View citations (444) (2003)
22. National Policies and Economic Growth: A Reappraisal
    Working Papers, Center for Global Development View citations (29)
    See also Chapter National Policies and Economic Growth: A Reappraisal, Handbook of Economic Growth, Elsevier (2005) View citations (135) (2005)
23. New Data, New Doubts: Revisiting "Aid, Policies, and Growth"
    Working Papers, Center for Global Development View citations (90)
24. New Data, New doubts: A Comment on Burnside and Dollar's "Aid, Policies, and Growth" (2000)
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (113)

2002

25. How Did Latin America’s Infrastructure Fare in the era of Macroeconomic Crises?
    Working Papers Central Bank of Chile, Central Bank of Chile View citations (3)
26. Infrastructure Compression and Public Sector Solvency in Latin America
    Working Papers Central Bank of Chile, Central Bank of Chile View citations (5)
27. It's Not Factor Accumulation: Stylized Facts and Growth Models
    Working Papers Central Bank of Chile, Central Bank of Chile View citations (86)
    See also Chapter It´s Not Factor Accumulation: Stylized Facts and Growth Models, Central Banking, Analysis, and Economic Policies Book Series, Central Bank of Chile (2002) View citations (68) (2002)
28. Low Investment is Not the Constraint on African Development
    Working Papers, Center for Global Development View citations (8)
    See also Journal Article Low Investment Is Not the Constraint on African Development, Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press (2003) View citations (70) (2003)
29. Tropics, Germs, and Crops: How Endowments Influence Economic Development
    Working Papers, Center for Global Development View citations (135)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2002) View citations (165)
    See also Journal Article Tropics, germs, and crops: how endowments influence economic development, Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier (2003) View citations (907) (2003)
30. What did Structural Adjustment Adjust? The Association of Policies and Growth with Repeated IMF and World Bank Adjustment Loans
    Working Papers, Center for Global Development View citations (9)
    See also Journal Article What did structural adjustment adjust?: The association of policies and growth with repeated IMF and World Bank adjustment loans, Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier (2005) View citations (207) (2005)

2001

31. Growth implosions, debt explosions, and my Aunt Marilyn: do growth slowdowns cause public debt crises?
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (31)
32. Is investment in Africa too low or too high: macro and micro evidence
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (40)
33. The effect of International Monetary Fund and World Bank programs on poverty
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (9)

2000

34. Can institutions resolve ethnic conflict ?
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (21)
    See also Journal Article Can Institutions Resolve Ethnic Conflict?, Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press (2001) View citations (182) (2001)
35. Inflation and the poor
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (32)
    See also Journal Article Inflation and the Poor, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing (2001) View citations (266) (2001)
36. On"good"politicians and"bad"policies - social cohesion, institutions, and growth
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (9)
37. Redistributive Public Employment
    Scholarly Articles, Harvard University Department of Economics View citations (165)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (1998) View citations (32)
    See also Journal Article Redistributive Public Employment, Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier (2000) View citations (165) (2000)
38. the middle class consensus and economic development
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (37)
    See also Journal Article The Middle Class Consensus and Economic Development, Journal of Economic Growth, Springer (2001) View citations (372) (2001)

1999

39. How did highly indebted poor countries become highly indebted?: reviewing two decades of debt relief
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (26)
40. Life during growth: international evidence on quality of life and per capita income
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (15)
41. Public Goods and Ethnic Divisions
    Scholarly Articles, Harvard University Department of Economics View citations (1472)
    Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (1999) View citations (1390)
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (1997) View citations (56)
    See also Journal Article Public Goods and Ethnic Divisions, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College (1999) View citations (1523) (1999)
42. Small states, small problems?
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (37)
43. The search for the key: aid, investment, and policies in Africa
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (66)
    See also Journal Article The Search for the Key: Aid, Investment and Policies in Africa, Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies (1999) View citations (70) (1999)
44. When is fiscal adjustment an illusion?
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (90)

1997

45. Has Latin America's post-reform growth been disappointing?
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (96)
    See also Journal Article Has Latin America's post-reform growth been disappointing?, Journal of International Economics, Elsevier (1997) View citations (148) (1997)
46. The ghost of financing gap: how the Harrod-Domar growth model still haunts development economics
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (26)

1996

47. Africa's Growth Tragedy: Policies and Ethnic Divisions
    Working Papers, Harvard - Institute for International Development View citations (32)
    See also Journal Article Africa's Growth Tragedy: Policies and Ethnic Divisions, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College (1997) View citations (2491) (1997)
48. Inflation's Children: Tales of Crises that Beget Reforms
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (44)
    See also Journal Article Inflation's Children: Tales of Crises That Beget Reforms, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (1996) View citations (45) (1996)
49. The Wild Ride of the Ruble
    Working Papers, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article The Wild Ride of the Ruble, International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (1996) View citations (2) (1996)

1995

50. Africa's growth tragedy: a retrospective, 1960-89
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (2)
51. Inflation Crises and Long-Run Growth
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (127)
    Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (1995) View citations (93)
    See also Journal Article Inflation crises and long-run growth, Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier (1998) View citations (536) (1998)

1994

52. Explaining miracles: growth regressions meet the Gang of Four
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (9)
    See also Chapter Explaining Miracles: Growth Regressions Meet the Gang of Four, NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (1995) View citations (14) (1995)
53. Financing the storm: macroeconomic crisis in Russia, 1992-93
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (9)
54. Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation
    CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers View citations (38)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (1993) View citations (1058)
    See also Journal Article Fiscal policy and economic growth: An empirical investigation, Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier (1993) View citations (1164) (1993)
55. Policy, Technology Adoption and Growth
    CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers View citations (40)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (1994) View citations (37)
56. Service as a major source of growth in Russia and other former Soviet states
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (7)
57. The Soviet Economic Decline: Historical and Republican Data
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (23)
    Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (1994) View citations (23)

1993

58. Good Policy or Good Luck? Country Growth Performance and Temporary Shocks
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (484)
    See also Journal Article Good policy or good luck?: Country growth performance and temporary shocks, Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier (1993) View citations (487) (1993)
59. How much do distortions affect growth?
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (162)
    See also Journal Article How much do distortions affect growth?, Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier (1993) View citations (161) (1993)

1992

60. How Do National Policies Affect Long-Run Growth? A Research Agenda
    World Bank - Discussion Papers, World Bank View citations (3)
    Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (1991) View citations (7)
61. Marginal income tax rates and economic growth in developing countries
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (4)
    See also Journal Article Marginal income tax rates and economic growth in developing countries, European Economic Review, Elsevier (1993) View citations (96) (1993)
62. Money demand and seignorage - maximizing inflation
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (9)
    See also Journal Article Money Demand and Seigniorage-Maximizing Inflation, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing (1995) View citations (58) (1995)

1991

63. Economic stagnation, fixed factors, and policy thresholds
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (12)
    See also Journal Article Economic stagnation, fixed factors, and policy thresholds, Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier (1994) View citations (52) (1994)
64. The macroeconomics of public sector deficits: a synthesis
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (23)
65. The macroeconomics of the public sector deficit: the case of Colombia
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (8)

1990

66. Financial sector policy in Thailand: a macroeconomic perspective
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (1)
67. Modeling the macroeconomic requirements of policy reforms
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank

1989

68. A consistency framework for macroeconomic analysis
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (8)
69. Fiscal adjustment and deficit financing during the debt crisis
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (37)
70. How much fiscal adjustment is enough? The case of Colombia
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (1)
71. Policy Distortions, Size of Government, and Growth
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (15)
    Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (1989) View citations (16)
72. Policy determinants of growth: survey of theory and evidence
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (27)

Journal Articles

2016

1. The European origins of economic development
   Journal of Economic Growth, 2016, 21, (3), 225-257 View citations (108)
   See also Working Paper The European Origins of Economic Development, NBER Working Papers (2012) View citations (47) (2012)

2015

2. Response to reviewers on “The Tyranny of Experts”
   The Review of Austrian Economics, 2015, 28, (4), 425-441 View citations (1)

2013

3. Commercial Imperialism? Political Influence and Trade during the Cold War
   American Economic Review, 2013, 103, (2), 863-96 View citations (158)
   See also Working Paper Commercial Imperialism? Political Influence and Trade during the Cold War, Scholarly Articles (2013) View citations (152) (2013)
4. Do superpower interventions have short and long term consequences for democracy?
   Journal of Comparative Economics, 2013, 41, (1), 22-34 View citations (20)

2011

5. ARTIFICIAL STATES
   Journal of the European Economic Association, 2011, 9, (2), 246-277 View citations (22)
   See also Working Paper Artificial States, NBER Working Papers (2006) View citations (13) (2006)
6. Rhetoric versus Reality: The Best and Worst of Aid Agency Practices
   World Development, 2011, 39, (11), 1930-1949 View citations (54)
   See also Working Paper Rhetoric versus reality: the best and worst of aid agency practices, MPRA Paper (2011) View citations (58) (2011)

2010

7. Was the Wealth of Nations Determined in 1000 BC?
   American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2010, 2, (3), 65-97 View citations (215)
   See also Working Paper Was the Wealth of Nations Determined in 1000 B.C.?, Harvard Business School Working Papers (2008) View citations (28) (2008)

2009

8. Can the West Save Africa?
   Journal of Economic Literature, 2009, 47, (2), 373-447 View citations (83)
   See also Working Paper Can the West Save Africa?, NBER Working Papers (2008) View citations (15) (2008)
9. Empirics of Strategic Interdependence: The Case of the Racial Tipping Point
   The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, 2009, 9, (1), 35 View citations (20)
   See also Working Paper Empirics of Strategic Interdependence: The Case of the Racial Tipping Point, NBER Working Papers (2009) View citations (16) (2009)
10. How the Millennium Development Goals are Unfair to Africa
    World Development, 2009, 37, (1), 26-35 View citations (105)

2008

11. Institutions: Top Down or Bottom Up?
    American Economic Review, 2008, 98, (2), 95-99 View citations (77)
    See also Working Paper Institutions: top down or bottom up?, MPRA Paper (2008) View citations (78) (2008)
12. Planners vs. Searchers in African Agricultural Aid
    QA - Rivista dell'Associazione Rossi-Doria, 2008, (3)
13. Reply to Brendan Beare
    Econ Journal Watch, 2008, 5, (2), 145-147
14. Walking up the Down Escalator: Public Investment and Fiscal Stability
    The World Bank Research Observer, 2008, 23, (1), 37-56 View citations (22)
    See also Working Paper Walking up the down escalator: public investment and fiscal stability, Policy Research Working Paper Series (2007) View citations (4) (2007)
15. Where Does the Money Go? Best and Worst Practices in Foreign Aid
    Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2008, 22, (2), 29-52 View citations (152)

2007

16. Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy
    Economic Journal, 2007, 117, (517), F169-F174
17. Inequality does cause underdevelopment: Insights from a new instrument
    Journal of Development Economics, 2007, 84, (2), 755-776 View citations (465)
18. Was Development Assistance a Mistake?
    American Economic Review, 2007, 97, (2), 328-332 View citations (75)

2006

19. An identity crisis? Examining IMF financial programming
    World Development, 2006, 34, (6), 964-980 View citations (12)
20. Comment évaluer les besoins d'aide ? Réponse: ne posez pas la question
    Revue d’économie du développement, 2006, 14, (2), 7-26
21. Development, democracy, and mass killings
    Journal of Economic Growth, 2006, 11, (2), 129-156 View citations (27)
    See also Working Paper Development, Democracy and Mass Killings, CEPR Discussion Papers (2006) View citations (27) (2006)
22. Planners versus Searchers in Foreign Aid
    Asian Development Review, 2006, 23-2, (2), 1-35 View citations (44)
23. Reliving the 1950s: the big push, poverty traps, and takeoffs in economic development
    Journal of Economic Growth, 2006, 11, (4), 289-318 View citations (90)
24. SOCIAL COHESION, INSTITUTIONS, AND GROWTH
    Economics and Politics, 2006, 18, (2), 103-120 View citations (174)
    See also Working Paper Social Cohesion, Institutions, and Growth, Working Papers (2006) View citations (183) (2006)

2005

25. Comment on: "Latin America in the rear view mirror"
    Journal of Monetary Economics, 2005, 52, (1), 109-112 View citations (1)
26. What did structural adjustment adjust?: The association of policies and growth with repeated IMF and World Bank adjustment loans
    Journal of Development Economics, 2005, 76, (1), 1-22 View citations (207)
    See also Working Paper What did Structural Adjustment Adjust? The Association of Policies and Growth with Repeated IMF and World Bank Adjustment Loans, Working Papers (2002) View citations (9) (2002)

2004

27. Aid, Policies, and Growth: Comment
    American Economic Review, 2004, 94, (3), 774-780 View citations (315)
28. Globalization, Inequality, and Development: The Big Picture
    Monetary and Economic Studies, 2004, 22, (S1), 57-87 View citations (11)

2003

29. Can Foreign Aid Buy Growth?
    Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2003, 17, (3), 23-48 View citations (508)
30. Fractionalization
    Journal of Economic Growth, 2003, 8, (2), 155-94 View citations (444)
    See also Working Paper Fractionalization, Scholarly Articles (2003) View citations (12) (2003)
31. In Search of the Holy Grail
    World Economics, 2003, 4, (3), 51-92
32. Low Investment Is Not the Constraint on African Development
    Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2003, 51, (3), 547-71 View citations (70)
    See also Working Paper Low Investment is Not the Constraint on African Development, Working Papers (2002) View citations (8) (2002)
33. NAFTA and Convergence in North America: High Expectations, Big Events, Little Time
    Economía Journal, 2003, Volume 4 Number 1, (Fall 2003), 1-53 View citations (14)
34. The Impact of Globalization on Rural Poverty
    World Economics, 2003, 4, (2), 143-162
35. Tropics, germs, and crops: how endowments influence economic development
    Journal of Monetary Economics, 2003, 50, (1), 3-39 View citations (907)
    See also Working Paper Tropics, Germs, and Crops: How Endowments Influence Economic Development, Working Papers (2002) View citations (135) (2002)

2002

36. How Did Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Become Heavily Indebted? Reviewing Two Decades of Debt Relief
    World Development, 2002, 30, (10), 1677-1696 View citations (135)
37. The cartel of good intentions: The problem of bureaucracy in foreign aid
    Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 2002, 5, (4), 223-250 View citations (128)

2001

38. Can Institutions Resolve Ethnic Conflict?
    Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2001, 49, (4), 687-706 View citations (182)
    See also Working Paper Can institutions resolve ethnic conflict ?, Policy Research Working Paper Series (2000) View citations (21) (2000)
39. Do Crises Induce Reform? Simple Empirical Tests of Conventional Wisdom
    Economics and Politics, 2001, 13, (2), 129-157 View citations (138)
40. Growth Implosions and Debt Explosions: Do Growth Slowdowns Cause Public Debt Crises?
    The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, 2001, 1, (1), 26 View citations (59)
41. Inflation and the Poor
    Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 2001, 33, (2), 160-78 View citations (266)
    See also Working Paper Inflation and the poor, Policy Research Working Paper Series (2000) View citations (32) (2000)
42. SESSION 2A: VALUES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
    The Journal of Economic History, 2001, 61, (2), 518-518 View citations (1)
43. The Lost Decades: Developing Countries' Stagnation in Spite of Policy Reform 1980-1998
    Journal of Economic Growth, 2001, 6, (2), 135-57 View citations (193)
44. The Middle Class Consensus and Economic Development
    Journal of Economic Growth, 2001, 6, (4), 317-35 View citations (372)
    See also Working Paper the middle class consensus and economic development, Policy Research Working Paper Series (2000) View citations (37) (2000)

2000

45. Redistributive Public Employment
    Journal of Urban Economics, 2000, 48, (2), 219-241 View citations (165)
    See also Working Paper Redistributive Public Employment, Scholarly Articles (2000) View citations (165) (2000)
46. Small States, Small Problems? Income, Growth, and Volatility in Small States
    World Development, 2000, 28, (11), 2013-2027 View citations (178)

1999

47. Life during Growth
    Journal of Economic Growth, 1999, 4, (3), 239-76 View citations (147)
48. Public Goods and Ethnic Divisions
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1999, 114, (4), 1243-1284 View citations (1523)
    See also Working Paper Public Goods and Ethnic Divisions, Scholarly Articles (1999) View citations (1472) (1999)
49. The Search for the Key: Aid, Investment and Policies in Africa
    Journal of African Economies, 1999, 8, (4), 546-77 View citations (70)
    See also Working Paper The search for the key: aid, investment, and policies in Africa, Policy Research Working Paper Series (1999) View citations (66) (1999)
50. The ghost of financing gap: testing the growth model used in the international financial institutions
    Journal of Development Economics, 1999, 60, (2), 423-438 View citations (221)

1998

51. Inflation crises and long-run growth
    Journal of Monetary Economics, 1998, 41, (1), 3-26 View citations (536)
    See also Working Paper Inflation Crises and Long-Run Growth, NBER Working Papers (1995) View citations (127) (1995)
52. Troubles with the Neighbours: Africa's Problem, Africa's Opportunity
    Journal of African Economies, 1998, 7, (1), 120-42 View citations (78)

1997

53. Africa's Growth Tragedy: Policies and Ethnic Divisions
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1997, 112, (4), 1203-1250 View citations (2491)
    See also Working Paper Africa's Growth Tragedy: Policies and Ethnic Divisions, Working Papers (1996) View citations (32) (1996)
54. Has Latin America's post-reform growth been disappointing?
    Journal of International Economics, 1997, 43, (3-4), 287-311 View citations (148)
    See also Working Paper Has Latin America's post-reform growth been disappointing?, Policy Research Working Paper Series (1997) View citations (96) (1997)

1996

55. Inflation and growth: in search of a stable relationship
    Proceedings, 1996, 78, (May), 139-146 View citations (34)
    Also in Review, 1996, 78, (May), 139-146 (1996) View citations (27)
56. Inflation's Children: Tales of Crises That Beget Reforms
    American Economic Review, 1996, 86, (2), 213-17 View citations (45)
    See also Working Paper Inflation's Children: Tales of Crises that Beget Reforms, NBER Working Papers (1996) View citations (44) (1996)
57. The Wild Ride of the Ruble
    International Journal of Finance & Economics, 1996, 1, (4), 251-61 View citations (2)
    See also Working Paper The Wild Ride of the Ruble, Working Papers (1996) View citations (1) (1996)

1995

58. Money Demand and Seigniorage-Maximizing Inflation
    Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 1995, 27, (2), 583-603 View citations (58)
    See also Working Paper Money demand and seignorage - maximizing inflation, Policy Research Working Paper Series (1992) View citations (9) (1992)
59. The Soviet Economic Decline
    The World Bank Economic Review, 1995, 9, (3), 341-71 View citations (75)

1994

60. Economic stagnation, fixed factors, and policy thresholds
    Journal of Monetary Economics, 1994, 33, (3), 525-557 View citations (52)
    See also Working Paper Economic stagnation, fixed factors, and policy thresholds, Policy Research Working Paper Series (1991) View citations (12) (1991)
61. Financing the storm: macroeconomic crisis in Russia
    The Economics of Transition, 1994, 2, (4), 443-465 View citations (12)

1993

62. Fiscal Deficits and Macroeconomic Performance in Developing Countries
    The World Bank Research Observer, 1993, 8, (2), 211-37 View citations (42)
63. Fiscal policy and economic growth: An empirical investigation
    Journal of Monetary Economics, 1993, 32, (3), 417-458 View citations (1164)
    See also Working Paper Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation, CEPR Discussion Papers (1994) View citations (38) (1994)
64. Good policy or good luck?: Country growth performance and temporary shocks
    Journal of Monetary Economics, 1993, 32, (3), 459-483 View citations (487)
    See also Working Paper Good Policy or Good Luck? Country Growth Performance and Temporary Shocks, NBER Working Papers (1993) View citations (484) (1993)
65. How much do distortions affect growth?
    Journal of Monetary Economics, 1993, 32, (2), 187-212 View citations (161)
    See also Working Paper How much do distortions affect growth?, Policy Research Working Paper Series (1993) View citations (162) (1993)
66. Marginal income tax rates and economic growth in developing countries
    European Economic Review, 1993, 37, (2-3), 409-417 View citations (96)
    See also Working Paper Marginal income tax rates and economic growth in developing countries, Policy Research Working Paper Series (1992) View citations (4) (1992)

1992

67. How Much does Policy Affect Growth?
    Latin American Journal of Economics-formerly Cuadernos de Economía, 1992, 29, (87), 295-306 View citations (5)

1991

68. La macroeconomía del déficit del sector público: el caso de Colombia
    Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, 1991, 10, (20), 107-144 View citations (6)
    Also in Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, 1991, 10, (20), 107-144 (1991) View citations (7)

1990

69. The Economic of the Government Budget Constraint
    The World Bank Research Observer, 1990, 5, (2), 127-42 View citations (41)
70. Un modelo sobre requisitos macroeconómicos para adelantar reformas de política
    Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, 1990, 9, (18), 99-132
    Also in Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, 1990, 9, (18), 99-132 (1990)

Books

2009

1. Development Economics through the Decades
   World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group View citations (12)

2007

2. The White Man's Burden: Why the West's Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill And So Little Good
   OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press View citations (46)

2003

3. The Limits of Stabilization: Infrastructure, Public Deficits, and Growth in Latin America
   World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group View citations (72)

2002

4. The Elusive Quest for Growth: Economists' Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics, vol 1
   MIT Press Books, The MIT Press View citations (243)

Edited books

2008

1. Reinventing Foreign Aid, vol 1
   MIT Press Books, The MIT Press View citations (85)

Chapters

2015

1. Fiscal Policy, Debt Crises, and Economic Growth
   Chapter 08 in Economic Policies in Emerging-Market Economies Festschrift in Honor of Vittorio Corbo, 2015, vol. 21, pp 139-154

2014

2. African Export Successes: Surprises, Stylized Facts, and Explanations
   A chapter in African Successes, Volume III: Modernization and Development, 2014, pp 297-342 View citations (7)
   See also Working Paper African Export Successes: Surprises, Stylized Facts, and Explanations, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2010) View citations (27) (2010)

2012

3. The Role of Growth Slowdowns and Forecast Errors in Public Debt Crises
   A chapter in Fiscal Policy after the Financial Crisis, 2012, pp 151-173 View citations (1)

2007

4. Globalization, Poverty, and All That: Factor Endowment versus Productivity Views
   A chapter in Globalization and Poverty, 2007, pp 109-142 View citations (6)

2005

5. National Policies and Economic Growth: A Reappraisal
   Chapter 15 in Handbook of Economic Growth, 2005, vol. 1, Part A, pp 1015-1059 View citations (135)
   See also Working Paper National Policies and Economic Growth: A Reappraisal, Center for Global Development (2003) View citations (29) (2003)

2003

6. IMF and World Bank Structural Adjustment Programs and Poverty
   A chapter in Managing Currency Crises in Emerging Markets, 2003, pp 361-391 View citations (13)

2002

7. It´s Not Factor Accumulation: Stylized Facts and Growth Models
   Chapter 3 in Economic Growth: Sources, Trends, and Cycles, 2002, vol. 6, pp 061-114 View citations (68)
   See also Working Paper It's Not Factor Accumulation: Stylized Facts and Growth Models, Central Bank of Chile (2002) View citations (86) (2002)

1995

8. Explaining Miracles: Growth Regressions Meet the Gang of Four
   A chapter in Growth Theories in Light of the East Asian Experience, 1995, pp 267-299 View citations (14)
   See also Working Paper Explaining miracles: growth regressions meet the Gang of Four, The World Bank (1994) View citations (9) (1994)