Legal holdings are used in Italy as a critical component of the legal system, serving to establish legal precedents, provide guidance for future legal decisions, and ensure consistency and predictability in the interpretation and application of the law. ...

Argument structure prediction aims to identify the relations between arguments or between parts of arguments. It is a crucial task in legal argument mining, where it could help identifying motivations behind judgments or even fallacies or ...

The field of legal Natural Language Processing faces a lot of challenges due to the unavailability of properly structured datasets. One such instance is the need for a dataset that not only separates different parts of legal references, such as an ...

We present an approach designed to support the process of legislative drafting by helping to detect errors in a normative text. It is based on a framework allowing for representation and comparison of structure and semantic content of legal provisions. ...

Labeling textual corpora in their entirety is infeasible in most practical situations, yet it is a very common need today in public and private organizations. In contexts with large unlabeled datasets, active learning methods may reduce the manual ...

Legal syllogism is a form of deductive reasoning commonly used by legal professionals to analyze cases. In this paper, we propose legal syllogism prompting (LoT), a simple prompting method to teach large language models (LLMs) for legal judgment ...

Developing methods for extracting relevant legal information to aid legal practitioners is an active research area. In this regard, research efforts are being made by leveraging different kinds of information, such as meta-data, citations, keywords, ...

We develop computational models to analyze court statements in order to assess judicial attitudes toward victims of sexual violence in the Israeli court system. The study examines the resonance of "rape myths" in the criminal justice system's response to ...

NLP in the legal domain has seen increasing success with the emergence of Transformer-based Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) pre-trained on legal text. PLMs trained over European and US legal text are available publicly; however, legal text from other ...

AF-CBA is an example-based approach to XAI that draws on the case-based argumentation tradition in AI & Law. It means to explain binary classifications made by an opaque machine-learning model by presenting an argument graph to the user, which represents ...

Statutory reasoning is the task of reasoning with facts and statutes, which are rules written in natural language by a legislature. It is a basic legal skill. In this paper we explore the capabilities of the most capable GPT-3 model, text-davinci-003, on ...

The emergence of contract specific programming languages has struggled to translate into widespread adoption of computable contracts due largely to high conversion costs. In this work, we present the first system for converting natural language contracts ...

Legal Question Answering (LQA) is a promising artificial intelligence application with high practical value. A professional and effective legal question answering (QA) agent can assist in reducing the workload of lawyers and judges, and help to achieve ...

This research addresses how to automatically identify certain factors in the texts of legal decisions and analyze their role in courts' decisions. It focuses on drug interdiction auto stop cases in which courts decide whether police officers have ...

Asylum is a legal protection granted by a state to individuals who demonstrate a well-founded fear of persecution or who face real risk of being subjected to torture in their country. However, asylum adjudication often depends on the decision maker's ...

In recent work, theories of case-based legal reasoning have been applied to the development of explainable artificial intelligence methods, through the analogy of training examples as previously decided cases. One such theory is that of precedential ...

In recent years, several normative systems have been presented in the literature. Relying on formal methods, these systems support the encoding of legal rules into machine-readable formats, enabling, e.g. to check whether a certain workflow satisfies or ...

Argument Mining (AM) is a unique task in Natural Language Processing (NLP) that targets arguments: a meaningful logical structure in human language. Since the argument plays a significant role in the legal field, the interdisciplinary study of AM on ...

The practice of anonymization of court decisions has been further systematized by EU Member States' courts, after the entry into force of the General Data Protection Regulation and its transposition into national laws. Anonymization of the parties' ...

ROUGE is the most commonly used measure for evaluating summarization algorithms in practice. However, it is questionable whether ROUGE scores adequately reflect the quality of summaries in terms of content. We introduce a metric to measure (legal) ...