article

Free access

Improving round-trip time estimates in reliable transport protocols

Authors:

C. PartridgeAuthors Info & Claims

ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, Volume 17, Issue 5

Pages 2 - 7

https://doi.org/10.1145/55483.55484

Published: 01 August 1987 Publication History

Abstract

As a reliable, end-to-end transport protocol, the ARPA Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) uses positive acknowledgements and retransmission to guarantee delivery. TCP implementations are expected to measure and adapt to changing network propagation delays so that its retransmission behavior balances user throughput and network efficiency. However, TCP suffers from a problem we call retransmission ambiguity: when an acknowledgement arrives for a segment that has been retransmitted, there is no indication which transmission is being acknowledged. Many existing TCP implementations do not handle this problem correctly.

This paper reviews the various approaches to retransmission and presents a novel and effective approach to the retransmission ambiguity problem.

References

[1]

Braden, Robert T., Selective Acknowledgments in TCP. Draft ARPANET Working Group Requests for Comments.]]

[2]

Clark, David D., Lambert, Mark L., and Zhang, Lixia. NETBLT: A Bulk Data Transfer Protocol; RFC998. In ARPANET Working Group Requests for Comments, no. 998. SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif., March 1987.]]

Digital Library

[3]

Edge, Stephen William. An Adaptive Timeout Algorithm for Retransmission Across a Packet Switching Network. In Proceedings of SIGCOMM '83, Association for Computing Machinery, I983.]]

Digital Library

[4]

Hinden, Robert M. and Partridge, Craig. Version 2 of the Reliable Data Protocol. Draft ARPANET Working Group Requests for Comments.]]

[5]

International Organization for Standards, information processing systems M Open Systems Interconnection m Connection oriented transport protocol specification. International Standard, no. 8073. ISO, Switzerland. 1986.]]

[6]

Jacobson, Van. Presentation to the Internet End-To-End Services Task Force. April 16, 1987.]]

[7]

Jacobson, Van. Interpacket Arrival Variance and Mean. Letter to the TCP-IP mailing list, 15 June 1987.]]

[8]

Jacobson, Van. Retransmit Timers: Theory and Practice, working title of draft paper.]]

[9]

Jain, Raj, Divergence of Timeout Algorithms for Packet Retransmissions. In Proceedings Fifth Annual International Phoenix Conference on Computers and Communications, Scottsdale, AZ, March 26-28, 1986.]]

[10]

Kam, P. R., Price, H., Diersing, R. Packet Radio in the Amateur Service. In IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, May 1985.]]

[11]

Mills, David. Internet Delay Experiments; RFC889. In ARPANET Working Group Requests for Comments, no. 889. SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif., Dec. 1983.]]

Digital Library

[12]

Mills, David. Algorithms for Synchronizing Network Clocks; RFC956. In ARPANET Working Group Requests for Comments, no. 956. SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif., Sep. 1985.]]

Digital Library

[13]

Mills, David. Experiments in Network Clock Synchronization; RFC957. In ARPANET Working Group Requests for Comments, no. 957. SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif., Sep. 1985.]]

Digital Library

[14]

Mills, David. Network Time Protocol; RFC958. In ARPANET Working Group Requests for Comments, no. 958. SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif., Sep. 1985.]]

[15]

Morris, Robert J.T. Fixing timeout intervals for lost packet detection in computer communication networks. In AFIPS Conference Proceedings, 1979 National Computer Conference. AFIPS Press, Montvale, Jew Jersey.]]

[16]

Nagle, John. Congestion Control in IP/TCP Networks; RFC896. In ARPANET Working Group Requests for Comments, no. 896. SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif., Jan. 1984.]]

Digital Library

[17]

Partridge, Craig. Implementing the Reliable Data Protocol (RDP). In Proceedings of the 1987 Summer USENIX Conference, Phoenix, Arizona.]]

[18]

Perry, Dennis G. Congestion in the ARPANET. Letter to the TCP-IP Mailing List, October 1, 1986.]]

[19]

Postel, J., ed. Intemet Protocol; RFC791. In ARPANET Working Group Requests for Comments, no. 791. SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif., Sep. 1981.]]

[20]

Postel, J., ed. Internet Control Message Protocol; RFC792. In ARPANET Working Group Requests for Comments, no. 792. SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif., Sep. 1981.]]

Digital Library

[21]

Postel, Jon, ed. Transmission Control Protocol; RFC793. In ARPANET Working Group Requests for Comments, no. 793. SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif., Sep. 1981.]]

[22]

Velten, David, Hinden, Robert and Sax, Jack. Reliable Data Protocol; RFC908. In ARPANET Working Group Requests for Comments, no. 908. SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif., July 1984.]]

Digital Library

[23]

Watson, Richard W. Timer-Based Mechanisms in Reliable Transport Protocol Connection Management. Computer Networks 1981, North-Holland Publishing Company.]]

[24]

Zhang, Lixia. Why TCP Timers Don't Work Well. In Proceedings of SIGCOMM '86, Association for Computing Machinery.]]

Digital Library

Cited By

Nguyen MNys PPham SSilhavy DArbanowski SSteglich S(2024)Toward WebTransport Support in HTTP Adaptive Streaming2024 Tenth International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE)10.1109/ICCE62051.2024.10634652(96-101)Online publication date: 31-Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE62051.2024.10634652
von Hippel MManolios PMcMillan KNita-Rotaru CZuck L(2023)A Case Study in Analytic Protocol Analysis in ACL2Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science10.4204/EPTCS.393.6393(50-66)Online publication date: 14-Nov-2023
https://doi.org/10.4204/EPTCS.393.6
Zubaydi HJagmagji AMolnár S(2023)Experimental Analysis and Optimization Approach of Self-Clocked Rate Adaptation for Multimedia Congestion Control Algorithm in Emulated 5G EnvironmentSensors10.3390/s2322914823:22(9148)Online publication date: 13-Nov-2023
https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229148
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Improving round-trip time estimates in reliable transport protocols

Recommendations

Improving round-trip time estimates in reliable transport protocols
Special twenty-fifth anniversary issue. Highlights from 25 years of the Computer Communication Review

As a reliable, end-to-end transport protocol, the ARPA Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) uses positive acknowledgements and retransmission to guarantee delivery. TCP implementations are expected to measure and adapt to changing network propagation ...
Improving round-trip time estimates in reliable transport protocols
Improving round-trip time estimates in reliable transport protocols
SIGCOMM '87: Proceedings of the ACM workshop on Frontiers in computer communications technology

As a reliable, end-to-end transport protocol, the ARPA Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) uses positive acknowledgements and retransmission to guarantee delivery. TCP implementations are expected to measure and adapt to changing network propagation ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

Copyright © 1987 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 August 1987

Published in SIGCOMM-CCR Volume 17, Issue 5

Check for updates

Qualifiers

Article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

257
Total Citations
View Citations
2,026
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)250
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)31

Reflects downloads up to 22 Sep 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Nguyen MNys PPham SSilhavy DArbanowski SSteglich S(2024)Toward WebTransport Support in HTTP Adaptive Streaming2024 Tenth International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE)10.1109/ICCE62051.2024.10634652(96-101)Online publication date: 31-Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE62051.2024.10634652
von Hippel MManolios PMcMillan KNita-Rotaru CZuck L(2023)A Case Study in Analytic Protocol Analysis in ACL2Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science10.4204/EPTCS.393.6393(50-66)Online publication date: 14-Nov-2023
https://doi.org/10.4204/EPTCS.393.6
Zubaydi HJagmagji AMolnár S(2023)Experimental Analysis and Optimization Approach of Self-Clocked Rate Adaptation for Multimedia Congestion Control Algorithm in Emulated 5G EnvironmentSensors10.3390/s2322914823:22(9148)Online publication date: 13-Nov-2023
https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229148
Pankov BMakolkina MMuthanna AKoucheryavy A(2023)Holographic traffic network characteristics: Prototype implementationProceedings of the 7th International Conference on Future Networks and Distributed Systems10.1145/3644713.3644811(657-662)Online publication date: 21-Dec-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3644713.3644811
von Hippel MMcMillan KNita-Rotaru CZuck L(2023)A Formal Analysis of Karn’s AlgorithmNetworked Systems10.1007/978-3-031-37765-5_4(43-61)Online publication date: 22-May-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-031-37765-5_4
Sarkar NAmmann RZabir S(2022)Analyzing TCP Performance in High Bit Error Rate Using Simulation and ModelingElectronics10.3390/electronics1114225411:14(2254)Online publication date: 19-Jul-2022
https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11142254
Barghash AHammad LGharaibeh A(2022)Traditional vs. Modern Data Paths: A Comprehensive SurveyComputers10.3390/computers1109013211:9(132)Online publication date: 31-Aug-2022
https://doi.org/10.3390/computers11090132
Rathod VTahiliani M(2022)Geometric Series based effective RTO estimation Technique for CoCoAAd Hoc Networks10.1016/j.adhoc.2022.102801130:COnline publication date: 1-May-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.adhoc.2022.102801
Karl RBurchfield HTakeshita JJung T(2022)Developing non-interactive MPC with trusted hardware for enhanced securityInternational Journal of Information Security10.1007/s10207-022-00583-w21:4(777-797)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s10207-022-00583-w
Nazareth PChandavarkar BDubey P(2022)Trilateration Based Localization for Underwater Sensor NetworksAdvances in VLSI, Communication, and Signal Processing10.1007/978-981-19-2631-0_57(657-669)Online publication date: 5-Oct-2022
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2631-0_57
Show More Cited By

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents